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Spanish Inquisition 19th century
Spanish Inquisition 19th century
Spanish Inquisition 19th century
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As described in The Grand Inquisitor by Dostoevsky The writings of Fyodor Dostoevsky and Helen Ellerbe show substantial evidence that the orthodox Christians did in fact steal from humanity the divine freedom it was promised by Jesus Christ. This thesis is supported in Dostoevsky's "The Grand Inquisitor" from his book The Brothers Karamazov. The dark side of Christian history by Helen Ellerbe also supports this theory. The Inquisition itself shows credibility to the theory that orthodox Christianity was established to conquer and control the freedom of humans. 2. Orthodox Christianity has a history of trying to deceive humanity. In her book, Ellerbe proclaims that: "Orthodox Christianity fostered humanity's shift towards a world view that pays little heed to the idea of divinity." (Ellerbe 165). In addition, the Grand Inquisitor "...claims it as a merit for himself and his Church that at last they have vanquished freedom and have done so to make men happy." (Dostoevsky 1081). 3. Reading "The Grand Inquisitor" while considering the history of early Christianity, the question can be asked, "Did orthodox Christians really believe in God?" Or is the God they believed in a guise that Christianity has put forward to have humanity believe in Him through its teachings only. The Roman Church had taken God's celebrations of nature and converted them to Christian celebration. In The dark side of Christian history, Ellerbe supports this when she writes "Unable to convince people of the absence of God in nature, the early Church instead incorporated aspects of the very nature worship it condemned..." (Ellerbe 143). 4. The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478. King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella I requested the Inquisition. At first, The concern of the Inquisition in Spain was over the conversion of Marranos: Marranos were Jews that were converted to Christianity using force and pressure by society. It is estimated that by the end of the 14th century about 100,000 Jews had become Marranos, although the greater number of Jews openly adhered to their faith even at the risk of expulsion. Some Marranos actually accepted Christianity, but most of them practiced Judaism in secret, while others waited only for an opportunity to throw off their Christian disguise (Encarta 99). Later, the Inquisition turned to people of Islam and attempted to convert the in the same way they had done to the Jews. And, even later, to those suspected of being Protestants. The Spanish Inquisition was similar to the first inquisition that was started in France.
Isabella then desired to boost her control over Spain by establishing the Spanish Inquisition. Its role was to abolish heresy and make Spain a Christian nation (“Spain: History”). The Inquisition officially lasted from 1478 to 1808 (“Queen Isabella’s Influence in the New World”).
The Inquisition run by Tomas de Torquemada persecuted other religions and was a base of counter-reformation
...did the Christian Holy Church of Europe. From time eternal it seems the Christian church has always been behind some sort of evil and murder for its sake. The twentieth century had seen racist and prejudices and the repression of racial minorities, the sick and handicapped. Man has a constant battle with himself between good and evil. Human nature is never as rational or compassionate as people want to believe. Instead of being guided by common respect and tolerance of those who are different, we seek to change what might threaten or challenge us.
Obviously they are not the same positives or opportunities that a free white man might receive but they were slightly better than the suffering that came from being an abused slaved. There were rare slave owners that allowed for some of their slaves to have a sense of ‘freedom’ or equality. For example, Mr. King one of Olaudah’s masters gave him more freedom throughout his time there. Which gives Olaudah several opportunities to buy his freedom. The hope brings out a lot about his character, his determination and work ethic shine through, in turn these are desirable traits that slave owners were looking for. Meaning Olaudah was passed around several masters and majority of them were indicating that he could buy out his freedom, unfortunately, they were lying and Olaudah was sold to the others. The negatives of Olaudah’s life also provides him the chance to ponder the ‘happier times’. For instance, back in his original village he discussed their religion, customs and his family. He seemed to have fairly peaceful memories of them. The optimist view that Olaudah has for his future, is inspiring. He finds friendship with Richard Baker, and even begins to become affectionate towards some of the kinder masters and crew mates he had. A trait that makes him a significant face in abolishing slavery. He saw that there could be a brighter future, especially if you worked hard and treated people
Today, cultures generally recognize the irrefutable humanity of all people, no matter how well they assimilate into new cultures. However, for white society in the 1700’s, the instances where blacks assimilated into the cultures and customs of the New World and Europe were the only instances when whites attempted to recognize their humanity. Olaudah Equiano wrote of his own assimilation into European culture in his autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa. The ability of an African to seamlessly join European society held weight in the debate over whether or not blacks were human or not. The humanity of Africans was demonstrated to white society through Olaudah Equiano’s assimilation into European
Through the close study of two of the aspects shown in the diagram, their contributions allow Christianity to be considered a living religious tradition. The significant contributions of Pope John XXIII, during both his papal and Pre-papal life have had everlasting effects on not only Catholicism, but Christianity as a whole and lead to the sense of Christianity being a living religious tradition. His works include two Papal encyclicals, Mater et Magistra and Pacem in Terris, along with his work being Apostolic Delegate of Greece and Turkey. Moreover, The significant practice of Baptism has further contributed to Christian being considered a living religious tradition as it accounts for the premise of most Christian beliefs to be initiated, especially in terms of salvation and affirming the beliefs in the trinity and following the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Slavery was a huge part of Olaudah’s life and he did his best once he was free to have it abolished in England. He was captured at a young age and moved around with whoever his master was. “He
History provides several horrible periods of violence, fear and murder. Such horrible acts against humanity have been committed in the name of religion, colonization, and racial superiority. The Holocaust, was one of the most catastrophic and saddest events in history, where about 11 million people, including Jewish children, families, and political dissenters were mass murdered. However, there exists another mournful and cruel period that marked the lives of many Sephardic Jews with secrecy and fear. One hardly hears about the harassment, rejection and humiliation of Sephardic Jewry in Spain, Portugal, and countries like Mexico, at the hands of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, which began in 1492. Due to these events, Sephardic Jews found themselves facing one of the most complex decisions of their lives and those of future generations; conversion, expulsion or death. The reasons for conversion are complex, as many converted by force and others for social or political reasons. As a result, converts became known as Conversos and “marranos /chuetas, and the latter are derogatory terms, as the names imply “swine” (Hordes 6). Another important term is Anusim, referring to those "whose conversion was prompted by violence and fear not sincerity” (Hordes 6). Marranos, were secretive people often, “keeping their children from their Jewish identity, until they reached an age where discretion could be trusted "(Telushkin 195). All of these events, have led to the complex phenomena, of the crypto-Jews in the new world, including Mexico and the American Southwest. Thus, sparking new areas of interest and research of their practices, customs, authenticity, and identification.
What was the Spanish Inquisition? The Spanish Inquisition persecuted and discriminated against minorities in the Iberia Peninsula who opposed to the practice and ideologies of the Catholic Church. Between 1480 to 1834, the Spanish Inquisition was placed under the authority of the royal power in Spain; the Inquisition was created in order to resolve the particular problem presented by the presence of thousands of converted Jews in the Iberian Peninsula. At the same time, the inquisition extended its authority to other minorities and become implanted in other geographical regions. This “institution” operated and was expanded to other territories under the crown of Castile—the Canaries and the territories ruled by viceroys in New Spain and Peru (24, 25).
The inquisition was a religious institution that policed the new Christians in the Iberian Peninsula. The inquisition was a by-product of hundreds of years of negative relations towards non-catholic people in Europe. It began around 1478 and in ended in 1834; during the three hundred and fifty-six years responses to the inquisition change immensely. This was partly due to many laypeople being indoctrinated by anti-Semitic and pro- Catholic propaganda. The pre-existing anti-Semitic feeling in Europe along with previous medieval inquisitions, helped to allow the Iberian inquisition to become a part of the Spanish and Portuguese way of life. This acceptance changed later in Iberian history because of the many factors lead to the abolishment of the Inquisition.
(Bachrach 12). Nearly all of the questioned citizens would refuse to co-operate. This infuriated the Inquisitors and the Holy Office, and harsh punishments gradually increased. These despicable Inquisitions originally began circa 1200 A.D. and different Inquisitions continued until nearly 1850 A.D. (Bachrach 13).
Ferdinand succeeded his father in Aragon earlier in the same year; the next step was to join Castile to Aragon. The united states of Castile and Aragon were sealed with the marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand. The partnership insured religious unity as well as political unity. Ferdinand and Isabella were both imbued with the spirit and rituals of Catholic orthodoxy, consolidating Spain under the unifying fabric of Catholic Church. First, they ruthlessly moved to rid Spain of Jews and Moors. They agreed on wanting the Jews out, either by burning them alive when they wouldn’t convert, or by expelling them from Spain. The edict of 1492 banished the entire population of nonconverted Jews. “...we ordered the separation of the said Jews in all the cities, towns and villages of our kingdoms and lordships and {commanded} that they be given Jewish quarters and separated places where they should live…” Spain wanted to spread Catholicism throughout Spain, eliminating the Muslims, Jews, or anyone who didn’t convert to catholicism . The Spanish Inquisition was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal (Italian) control, creating a “Spanish” Catholic church rather than an “Italian” Catholic church. Their ruthlessness created a nation of Spaniards who all believed in the same Catholic rituals, rites and
The creation of character is an instrumental part of Equiano’s strategy in convincing his intended audience. One of the characters that plays a crucial role in this strategy is himself. Through the creation of his own character, he is able to establish credibility, relate to his audience, and extinguish general stereotypes about Africans. One way Equiano successfully does this is by exhibiting qualities that present him as being morally justice and loyal. For example in Chapter 7, Equiano purchases his freedom and is purposeful to include the information that he got his freedom by legal means. He says “The captain then said he knew I got the money very honestly, and with much industry, and that I was particularly careful” (page131). By including this in the chapter, Equiano is limiting questions that his audience might have about how he got the money, and displaying the goodwill of his overall character. He continues within this chapter by showcasing his good character in not immediately leaving his slave master (Mr. King) after being given his freedom, but remaining with him out of appreciation and gratitude. Additionally, he is then even able ...
When the concept of an Inquisition was proposed, Queen Isabella was not interested in pursuing it. Ferdinand, however, supported the idea of an Inquisition because he saw in it the potential to tremendously increase his wealth and land ownership (Altabé, 729). King Ferdinand was successful in convincing Queen Isabella to support instituting the Inquisition (Liss, 29). Queen Isabella was not known to turn down an opportunity for more wealth, as she was greedy and power hungry. In addition to this desire for financial gain, Queen Isabella’s opinions were shaped by her so called religious advisor Tomas de
Throughout the modern age the subject of Gnosticism has stood in contrast to the concepts of traditional, orthodox Christianity. The subject of Gnosticism has served to represent the ideas and practices of Christianity that were not sanctioned by orthodox Christianity. Generally, we have come to understand that the world of Christianity has been assembled and constructed in the first five centuries after the death of Christ. In a sense, events such as the Council of Nicaea represent arbitrary decisions to compile the official church-sanctioned version of Christianity. Any writings or practices that fell outside of the formal circle of Christian doctrine became candidates for the label of Gnosticism.