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Morality in politics
Theories of political obligation
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The trust model, which means that the general citizen takes charge of all matters about the political issue to the representative, has lost much meaning today. Burke thought that serving with mature judgment and enlightenment was the moral obligation of the delegate. On the one hand, people with enough property to possess education and interests had a basis for serving the interests of the poor. So, I think that this trust model implies elitism. Because the public is ignorant, uneducated, and easy to deceive, the representative elitist aspect is revealed to the representative regardless of the will of the public. It is out of the democratic system orbit of modern society. The delegate should not think that many people prefer it because some
Hamilton uses fears of past despotism in monarchies and encroachments in representative bodies to persuade people to see that this essential law of good behavior “is the best expedient which can be devised in any government to secure a steady, upright, and impartial administration of the laws.” (Hamilton.Jay.Madison 100)
...adison's model has failed. There's constantly one group dominating over the other by abusing their powers. Madison had the right intentions with his model, but it unfortunately appeared to be less effective in certain situations, such as where Congress and the president found ways to get what they wanted without the approval and confirmation of others. Although there are still rules and processes through which groups and individuals have to follow in order to accomplish things, there usually seems to be a way around them. Whether it's Congress and the President, or outside groups, money, and campaigns, they've found a way to overpower their opponent. The 501c4 group being able to remain completely anonymous is impressive, but they significantly impacted campaign elections, which was very fair for the candidates who were attacked and lacked donations and money.
3. Miller, Joshua. "Direct Democracy and the Puritan Theory of Membership." Journal of Politics. Vol. 53 Issue1 Feb. 1991 pp. 59. Jstor June 3, 2000.
The Solution phase is a mix of similarities and differences for each model. The Rational model incorporates a decision matrix to assist with the selection of a solution. Each option is listed with three various outcomes based off the criteria and each option’s ability to solve the problem. By utilizing a matrix, the user can play each solution out in order theoretically see the likelihood of success, which provides the user with a better chance of success in solving the problem. In the pharmacy example, we took Kramm’s top three solutions into the matrix and developed possible outcomes based off the set criteria. This gave the team a visual of possible outcomes and results for each, enabling us, as well as Kramm, to make a smarter decision by
Therefore, although his theory, full of terms such as “prejudice” , may sound really anti-minority to modern readers, it is actually much more tolerant of minorities. The first thing we should understand about Burke is that he is a conservative. All of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau start their arguments by trying to go back to some first principles, or natural laws, of human beings, and start building up their arguments using these laws as axioms. Unlike any of them, Burke thinks politics, or “the science of constructing a commonwealth, or renovating it, or reforming it”, is learned through experience but not taught a priori (Burke, 61). He argues that the experience required to contrive a government is much more than one could possibly gain in his whole life . For Burke, it is very dangerous to tear down a government that has existed for long and start a new one with untested novel theories . Therefore, the prejudices Burke is talking about, should be understood to be traditions. They are not necessarily rational, or at least cannot be justified with a theory. However, Burke values and cherishes them, because he thinks they are the wisdoms of our ancestors, and contain more stock of reason than each individual has
Why should citizens of their native country trust a government that lies, cheats, and steals from families? Back then, in past centuries, it used to be a very common thing to do. The American government is not the kind of people we should be trusting. “We the people” need to open our eyes and should elect politicians who can be trusted and reliable with good intentions of making this country back in tip top shape. The actions that the government makes sometimes raises more questions rather than answering them. Confidence has been declining steadily over the last couple of decades. Statistics shows that in 1964, three-quarters of the American citizens trust the government. Today, only one-quarter of American
As long as governments have existed, arguments about the delegation of power have occurred. Time and time again, the highest level of power goes to the highest classes, whether or not the founders of the government decided for it to be that way or not. One such government is that of the United States. Many ideas and suggestions were presented by state representatives during the debate over the principles that would lead to the Constitution. Although this new country was founded on supposedly sound fundamentals, this has still led to some terrible misuses of power. A quote from Alexander Hamilton during debate shows that he believed that the rich deserve an enduring, definite share in the government, and the New York Times article “Too Much Power for the
The problems within the Principal-Agent model are numerous and detrimental to the functionality of the system when a cost/benefit analysis is applied to the Principal actor (i.e. the public). While Geoffrey Brennan and Alan Hamlin see the principal-agent model as a sort of least worst system that, while flawed, is still mendable while still maintaining it's central characteristics. One of the main criticisms against the Principal-Agent model is concerning a question that has been asked for almost as long as representative government: Does the representative make decisions that his/her constituency wants or do they do what is in their “interest”? Edmund Burke, in his famous speech to the Electors of Bristol, remarked that a representative's “mature judgment” and “enlightened conscience” allows him/her to choose what is in the best interest of their constituency. This form of thinking is necessarily implied in ...
As opposed to cognition-based trust, affect-based trust relies heavily upon emotional feelings towards another person instead of logical reasons for trust, such as characteristics or personality traits that an individual may possess. This can sometimes be irrational and lead to undesirable outcomes or decision due to trusting the wrong person for the wrong reasons. In Suits, Harvey gives Mike the breakthrough opportunity he has been looking for when he offers him a position at a top law firm that only hires Harvard graduates. Mike never attended Harvard, and therefore owes everything he has to Harvey. Their relationship starts out fairly one sided, with Harvey calling the shots and making Mike work extremely long hours and complete tough tasks and cases to prove that he is worth of working under Harvey. This initially strains their relationship in the workplace and causes some conflict, and on more than one occasion Mike comes close to quitting and doesn’t show up for work. This is also a great example of an authoritative leadership style and a high power distance...
...ased on their heritage as nobles or the virtues of their fathers. Burke states that “there is no qualification for government but virtue and wisdom,” (Burke 561).
The elitist theory corresponds with document two, titled The End of Representation: How Congress Stifles Electoral Competition. The elitist theory contends that society is divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite pulls the strings of government. Wealth is the basis of this power. The “1 Percent” controls most policy decisions because they can afford to finance election campaigns and control key institutions. Document two focuses on why the rate of reelection for members of the House of Representatives is so high. The rate hovers around 90 percent because House members focus on projects that will benefit their constituents, and use “taxpayer-funded perquisites” to spread their message and gain attention. Their approval ratings also skyrocket because of constituent service. Campaign laws regarding how much money a candidate can receive from an individual or group greatly reduces the chances of potential candidates. The author then suggests a number of reforms that could be implemented, such as imposing term limits on members of Congress that would “ensure that party leaders and committee chairmen would not become part of a permanent ruling class”. The members of the House of Representatives serve as the “elite” in this situation. These elites are controlling the government because they were being reelected nine times out of ten, making it very difficult for there to be new members of the House of Representatives. They are also influencing elections and
Governing in an era of distrust is more difficult than governing in an age of trust, and because of that, government now lacks the legitimacy to impose its will on Americans, so politicians and public administrators face extraordinary pressure to generate situations in which all Americans can feel like they are getting something of value. This is an impossible task forces administrator to act in ways that may lead to unethical decisions, abuse of power or misuse of public assets, which leads down t he path of illegitimacy.
Over all you can tell that a high social class is required to hold power. If the people you intend to rule don’t respect or follow you, they will not let you rule. It’d be kinda like if our president worked at a fast food restaurant before becoming president. Would you want to be governed by him? Of Course not; he has no leadership skills and no one would respect him. That is solid proof that you need to be popular and liked to hold power.
Further, Burke criticizes the validity of the reason of individual humans, questioning how significant the ability of an individual human to employ reason and rationality is. This relatively weak potential to reason as individuals he contrasts with the vast body of the wisdom of the ages which resulted in most governments at the time of his writing (89). This could be questioned on the grounds that the wisdom of the ages is comprised of the rational thought of individuals who thought to alter their own government structures which lead to the government of Burke’s time, however this would likely be countered by a declaration that those alterations were minor and gradual adjustments over time, rather than the type of wholesale revolution that Burke is criticizing when discussing the French Revolution. Perhaps Burke would admit that a government more tailored towards common people may be better as a whole, but he would likely still advocate for a gradual shift towards those ideals rather than a rapid change brought
Trusting someone is such a fragile thing, a thing that could break someone to pieces and make them remember it for life. The same goes for rules, you see them every day in life. At work, school, basically all of life is based around rules. One thing to remember about following the rules is honesty, another is feelings, and the last one would be thinking of your choice. These things are important so you can keep trust with everyone you know. The one’s you know meaning family, friends, peers, teachers, and bosses. You might not think about it at first, but they give you trust so you can expand what you do in regard to them. These things are not as simple as you may think, they all have cons, but over time they usually turn into pros.