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The Rise and Fall of Ottoman Turkey
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Turkey or as it is officially known the Republic of Turkey, is a transcontinental country in Eurasia. Turkey was founded as a republic in 1923. There administration is a unitary system. Being a relatively new nation, they have much room grow. Along with that growth, there is a lot to learn from brother and sister nations. Turkey is a parliamentary representative democracy. It is a unitary centralized state. Since its foundation it was marked with a strong sense of secularism. Turkey has a designated constitution. This constitution governs entire legal system of the country. The country entails the main principles for the people to adhere too. Turkey has three branches of government. These branches are there to uphold the command of power,
I will be discussing "A Letter on the Cruelty of the Turks". This letter was written in the year of 1438 in Constantinople. Bartholomew de Giano wrote this letter to to Friar Abbot of Sartiano. Bartholomew is letting Friar know the number of people the Turks have made turn away from Christ. He even lowers the number in hopes that he will believe him.
The Ottoman Empire was a large empire that lasted for several hundred years. They were primarily Sunni Muslims and they were led by the Sultan. Over time, they had a long decline, mostly because they hadn’t progressed with the times. France and Britain were getting very involved with their affairs in Egypt. By the late 1800’s most of the Ottoman Empire was gone. During World War One (WWI), in 1916, the Arabs helped Great Britain to defeat the Ottoman Empire. In 1918 the Ottomans surrendered and their empire was dissolved. When mandates were established it caused nationalist ro revolt. General Mustafa
Between 1301 to 1922, in the region north of present day Syria, was known as the Ottoman empire. It was rooted in the belief that Islam as an ideology should be in power. One territory held by the Ottoman empire was their homeland of Turkey. In 1907, the Sultan Abdul Hamid II, wanted for the most part to have people who were educated outside of the country limited in what they could do, and if not then they were expunged, as he thought that they were the cause of his land’s plight and decline. This resulted in him becoming very unpopular with his people, thus having many secret societies created practically under his nose. The most important being The Young Turks.
My fellow countrymen, I stand before you today in order to defend the necessity of small republics for democracy and liberty. Let us begin with Montesquieu’s simple thesis: Large republics are incapable of self-government because of the massive and inevitable diversity of their populations and of the interests of that population (153). This leads to a corruption of the principles of democracy and ends liberty. Using Montesquieu’s elegantly argued The Spirit of Laws as a framework to discuss and reflect upon the principles of a democratic republic and the necessity of a small republic, I hope to articulate herein the reasons you should come to see this most brilliant insight, honorable gentlemen.
Though, the use of superlatives is often incorporated with regards to understanding and defining many geopolitical structures that have existed since the dawn of tim. It is not an exaggeration to state that the Ottoman Empire was one of the longest lived, richest, and most successful empires that the world has ever seen. Beginning in 1299 and lasting up until the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1922, the 623 year span of time in nearly continual power that this Empire was able to exercise was unmatched at that time; either within Europe or elsewhere in the World. The key to this great wealth and power was due to the fact that the Ottoman Empire existed upon the nexus of trade between Asia and Europe. Occupying this important chokepoint, the Ottomans were able to derive a great deal of riches based upon control and management of the trade that flowed between that of the East and West.
Redmond, J. (2007). Turkey and the European Union:troubled European or European trouble? International Affairs, 305-317.
On 4th century AD, Armenia became the first nation in the world to make Christianity as their official religion. Because of that Armenia known as an independent entity. During 15 centuries, Armenia was under Ottoman Empire control. Ottoman Empire was the leader of two different religion groups, Muslims and Christianity. Ottoman Empire treated the Armenians differently. They had to pay higher taxes than the Muslim people. They had very little political and legal rights. Beside their obstacles, they still lived wealthier than the Muslims. For instance, they tended to be better educated than the Turkish people. Because of this, Turkish neighbors tended to resent their success. They also lived peacefully because of their less population. In 1914, Turks entered the World War I by being the side of Germany and also Austria-Hungary Empire. At the same time Armenian was helping Russia to fight with the Turks. Because of this war, Turks tried to remove Armenians from Ottoman Empire.
The movement is a powder keg ready to explode. With the majority of Kurds living within its boundaries, no country faces this threat more than Turkey. Because of Turkey’s concept of unified, cohesive nationhood-in which the existence of minorities are not acknowledged- these tensions in Turkey are more difficult to handle than else where. In southeastern Turkey, extreme fighting and guerilla tactics are used by the Kurds in support of their political parties. The Turkish military is actively stationed in this area now.
...olutionist reforms proved permanent, and gave Turkey domestic peace and a measure of prosperity even in his lifetime. But Kemalism has also left Turkey with a divided identity - Europeanised but not quite European, alienated from the Islamic world but still a Muslim country.
An example of a modern nation-state is Egypt. Egypt’s identity is closely tied to its location and their long history. Egyptian’ are and Arabic speaking nation-state with a diverse culture and heritage as a modern nation-state. Their development, over the centuries, saw conflicting beliefs but, most Egyptians today see themselves, their history, culture, and language as specifically Egyptian. Mr. Kamel states that the, “Egypt’s leading roles in Middle Eastern in cultural and political affairs, generally dominates Egypt’s relations with other nations. In turn, this either broadens or limits the scope of choices and opportunities available domestically” (Kamel, 1999).
The country of Azerbaijan is recovering from decades of Soviet control, reforming the country and culture that fought oppression for many years. Since the fall of the Russian Empire and Azerbaijan’s declaration of independence in 1991, the country has been stabilizing its cultural significance. Azerbaijan continues to strengthen its status in the world theater.
Istanbul is both an ancient and modern city that is full of culture dating back to the beginning of time. It’s a city that is unique, in that, it connects both Europe and Asia. Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey and the most crowded one too. There are approximately more than fourteen million people living in Istanbul alone. That is more than its capital city of Ankara. Istanbul is not just a metropolitan, or one of the most crowded cities, and it’s also an ancient and historical city.
...ew political system, take a course on social modernization and human capital development. In recent years, embarked on a systematic industrialization and the introduction of innovative technologies that will enhance the competitiveness of Kazakhstan's economy and its attractiveness to foreign investment. Also, significantly increased the role and responsibility of Kazakhstan in international affairs. Another important thing is in the implementation of strategic priorities given to international partners of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan fully relies on the support and cooperation for the implementation of these tasks, which will contribute to further development of cooperation between our countries and peoples. I hope that Kazakhstan will strongly commit further progressive development of democracy, with an emphasis on decentralization, anti-corruption, and gender equality.
The foundation of the modern political system was laid in the times when the world was strangled in slavery. In those moments, enlightened minds in Greek came up with the new system that was there to remain for the next thousands of years. This system, now known as democracy, is a form of government in which supreme power is vested to the people themselves. People have the right to elect their leaders directly or indirectly through a scheme of representation usually involving periodically held free elections. A new democratic government is usually established after every 4-5 years, and it is trusted with the responsibility to cater to the needs of all the people irrespective of the fact that they voted for them or not. Although the minorities may not be very pleased with the idea of democracy, however, a democratic government is certainly the best because it establishes social equality among people, reduces the conflicts in the state to a minimum, gives the chance to vote repeatedly, and creates patriotism.
What is democracy? Democracy a form of government in which the people freely elect representatives to govern them in a country, democracy guarantees free and fair elections, basic personal and political rights and independent court of law. There are two types of democracy, direct and indirect democracy. Direct democracy or pure democracy is where there is direct participate of the people; people make decisions for them instead of letting them representative make decision for them. Indirect democracy the decisions are made by the representative on behalf of the people that voted for them. All over the world people are having different views with regard to democracy and how it operates. “It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried” ~ Winston Churchill, some have said democracy is the worst government form of government which I also think it’s! Due to the how it operates.