The Third Estate was a social class which was established by Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes in 1789, right before the French revolution. This Third Estate had goals of gaining freedoms that the other “estates” had at the time. The Third Estate was defined majorly as the common people of France or the middle class, while the first estate was made up of the clergy of the church and the second estate was made up of the french nobility and monarchs. This Third Estate ultimately played a major factor in spurring on the French Revolution by igniting the passions of those trying to achieve freedoms among the French population.
With the outreach and uproar of the Third Estate occurring, the issues brought forth by them seemed to become more and more prominent among the French people. Sieyes often refers to the Third Estate to “the whole” or the majority of France whose needs must be fulfilled as well. More specifically the Third Estate was composed of the commoners which included peasants, merchants, and artisans which all had their own individual grievances. One of the major problems the Third Estate worked towards eliminating was the high taxation in which they had to pay to the other estates. The fact that they had to work harder than the majority of the first and second estates to make less money and to pay more taxes didn’t fit too well with them. Most of the third estate was poor to begin with and they felt it wasn't right that they had to pay extra and this was a major reason as to why they ultimately decided to revolt which sparked the French Revolution.
Along with unfair taxation of the Third Estate, Sieyes also points out that equal representation was a major goal in which the Third Estate was pushing for. They felt that ridding of th...
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...entatives in which they feel the most comfortable with, in France people did not have those same rights. Other than this single factor, I feel that these two movements are comparable due to the fact that their goals are so similar. Both the Occupy Movement and the Third Estate pushed for equal rights, social and economic equality with more income being spread to the less wealthy.
Overall, The Occupy Movement and the Third Estate are fairly reasonable to compare because of the goals they are pushing to achieve. However this is not the second coming of the Third Estate due to the fact that citizens in the United States have many more rights than the French did during that time. While United States citizens have the right to vote for what they believe, the French had none whatsoever and this is the deciding factor as to why these two movements aren't entirely similar.
To compare, the Tea Party movement (According to Wikipedia) is “an American political movement known for its conservative positions and its role in the Republican Party. Members of the movement have called for a reduction of the U.S. national debt and federal budget deficit by reducing government spending” and the Occupy movement (According to Wikipedia) is the “movement is the international branch of the Occupy Wall Street movement that protests against social and economic inequality around the world, its primary goal being to make the economic and political relations in all societies more vertically hierarchical and less flatly distributed”. We will not be a conservative society and we also will not be against cooperation’s being in the colony, especially if voted on and them being toward the goal of furthering our society. Some rulings by the public may cost a lot of government spending which will not be smiled upon by the tea party movement. On the other hand some businesses or cooperation’s may be funded a lot of money if the population as a whole thinks they should be, which will not be agreed upon by the Occupy act. The colony will eventually make its own custom made party in the long run because how everything will be voted on and things will be changed and improved over time by the majority always voting and things being done quickly. The point of the colony is not to be stuck on something that worked 10, 100, or 500 years ago but always evolving and always learning to be the best it can be at the
Under the rule of Louis XVI, the people of France were divided into three main social classes or estates as they are called. The First Estate featured wealthy members of the Church such as Bishops and Priests who held great political power due to their influence on government affairs. The Second Estate was a class comprised of the wealthy nobles and political officials who held all power in government affairs.
Sieyes also identifies the reality that if as a society if we were to remove the nobility that The Third Estate could in fact run on its own, if not “something less but something more”. In fact, society as a whole might actually go better without the two others but would cease to exists without The Third Estate. Sieyes actually goes as far to say that the nobility are a “burden for the nation and it cannot be a part of it.” Sieyes speaks to not only the social inequality between the classes but the lack of political representation of more than what is ninety percent of the population. Then nobility itself possess their own representation that was not appointed by the majority, who does not owe any powers to the people due to divinity, and finally it is foreign for the fact that it’s interests lie with private concern rather than public. In chapter two of What is the Third Estate Sieyes proclaims that up until now The Third Estate has been nothing and reform is coming. He says “Freedom does not derive from
Before the presence of equality came into play, some laws favored the rich over all others, and some only affected the poor; however, the growing middle class ended up being caught in the crosshairs of the two. During the Revolution, leaders went to protest this inequality, and in doing so went on to draw inspiration from the very ideas brought upon by Enlightenment thinkers, which in turn were the very building blocks of France’s 1789 Declaration of the Rights of
Historian Albert Mathiez states that “The middle class… was sensitive to their inferior legal position. The revolution came from them- the middle class. The working classes were incapable of starting or controlling the Revolution. They were just beginning to learn to read.” The middle class were not able to have a class on their own; they were still considered peasants. In the illustration it showed how much people and land each estate held, the Clergy was one percent of the population which owned ten percent of the land. Nobles were two percent of the people that owned thirty-five percent of the land. The middle class, peasants, and city workers were ninety-seven of the people owned fifty-five percent of the land. This means that if the third estate were to riot, this would cause havoc. There was a lot during that time; the website Macrohistory and World Timeline shows that “The population of France had grown to between 24 and 26 million, up from 19 million in 1700 without a concomitant growth in food production. Farmers around Paris consumed over 80 percent of what they grew, so if a harvest fell by around 10 percent, which was common, people went hungry. There was insufficient government planning and storage of grain for emergency shortages”. If there were approximately 26 million people, there would be 25,220,000 people in the third estate, 520,000 people in the second estate, and 260,000
When the King of England began to infringe on the colonists’ liberties, leaders inspired by the enlightenment grouped together to defend the rights of the American colonies. As Thomas Jefferson writes in the Declaration of Independence, “History of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States” (Jefferson 778). The citizens of France, inspired by the enlightenment, desired a government run by the people. Marquis de Lafayette wrote, “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights; social distinctions may be based only upon general usefulness” (de Lafayette 783).
Some people like Emmanuel Sieyès, middle-class writer who was taken by the Enlightenment ideas, believed that all of French Society lay on the backs of the third estate. On the contrary, Robespierre, the monarch at the time, believed that the third estate did not have the power to do anything important to society. The third estate had to pay taxes like the Gabelle and Taille while the first and seconds estates did not have to pay any taxes to the king. Also, the third estates had less of a representation in voting. The first and second estate could outvote the third estate every time and this was a huge inequality. The condition of the third estate was horrible but a good portion of this third estate was the bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie had some wealth and social class, so they influenced the rest of the third estate about their rights, while also inspiring some lower clergies and provincial nobles and thus led to a group of rebellious people to fight the monarchy. This fight for political representation and political rights was only one cause of the French Revolution. Another causes lies in the French Monarchs: Louis XlV, Louis XV, and Louis XVl. When Louis XlV was ruling, the monarchy had unlimited power and was known as a
One cause of both Revolutions was that people from all social classes were discontented. Each social class in France had its own reasons for wanting a change in government. The aristocracy was upset by the king’s power while the Bourgeoisie was upset by the privileges of the aristocracy. The peasants and urban workers were upset by their burdensome existence. The rigid, unjust social structure meant that citizens were looking for change because “all social classes…had become uncomfortable and unhappy with the status quo.” (Nardo, 13) Many believed that a more just system was long overdue in France.
France, and the various conditions posed on the Third Estate were the foundations for the
This is a movement like no other Occupy Wall Street has no known leader, they have no official set of demands of what they want. They are not sure what outcomes they want to have there is no one person who is the leader and talks for the group. Occupy Wall Street movement has been quoted saying “We are all the leader” (Gautney) Unlike the FSM movement where there were key leaders in the movement, the Occupy Wall Street movement is one that is run by the people that show up there and show their support to the movement. Another thing that separates the Occupy Wall Street movement is that each local organization that is officiated with them establishes their own goals, and practices that will work for them and the thing that they are trying to set forth in there movement. (Gautney)
The third estate could be broken down into three parts: the rich (bourgeoisie), the middle (lawyers, doctors, businessmen), and the poor (the peasant, farmer). There was much change in the economic world of the third estate. For instance the bourgeois were gaining land and therefore making money. 35% of the land was left to the 22 to 23 million peasants, the bourgeoisie held about 30% of the land, the 350 000 members of the nobility held about 20% of the land, and left with an unequally shared 10% the 130 000 member of the clergy. This sh...
The third estate consisted of the remaining 23.5 million French people who were 90% peasants. The third estate was the only estate that paid taxes. Their taxes ensured the financial well-being of the clergy, state, and nobles (French Revolution Overview 6). The Enlightenment was a major influence of the French Revolution. The Enlightenment caused the revolution in three ways.
They were only two percent of France’s population, but owned twenty percent of the land. They paid no taxes (Krieger 483). The third estate accounted for ninety-eight percent of France’s population. The third estate was divided into three groups; the middle class, known as the bourgeoisie, the urban lower classes, and the peasant farmers. The third estate lost about half their income in taxes.
The Third Estate consisted of everyone else, the pheasants, farmers, landless labourers, serfs and the emerging middle class called the bourgeois. 80% of the population was rural and were very highly taxed by the king, like the rest of the Third Estate.... ... middle of paper ... ... Overall, the weakness and indecisive actions of France's monarch, King Louis XVI, did not make those serving him respect or be loyal to him and his choices.
A small number of people said that the Third Estate, that which was drawn from the towns, should have power to equal the other Estates. Clubs of the bourgeoisie. the middle class, were formed, proclaiming, "Salus populi lex est. " It was a simple cry meaning "the welfare of the people is law." To these people, Estates General was like a pair of shoes that no longer fit.