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An essay on waste management
Statement of the problem of solid waste management
An essay on waste management
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At present we are facing many problems in our cities such as structural health of building, waste management, air and noise pollution, energy consumption and traffic congestion. Our project is to monitor these problems and provide a solution. By using an IOT, monitoring becomes quite easy as from anywhere we can monitor it. In our project, we will work on problems of waste management, air and noise pollution, street lighting and make a city “The Smart City”.
The Internet of Things (IOT) is a system of interconnected computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. The IOT creates an opportunity to measure or monitor a large
The perception layer includes a group of Internet-enabled devices that are able to perceive, detect objects, gather information, and exchange information with other devices through the Internet communication networks. Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID), cameras, sensors, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are some examples of perception layer devices. Forwarding data from the perception layer to the application layer under the constraints of devices’ capabilities, network limitation and the applications’ constraints is the task of the network layer. IOT systems use a combination of short-range networks communication technologies such as Bluetooth and ZigBee which are used to carry the information from perception devices to a nearby gateway based on the capabilities of the communicating parties. Internet technologies such as WiFi, 2G, 3G, and 4G carry the information over long distances based on the application. Since applications aim to create smart homes, smart cities, power system monitoring etc.
Today, Solid waste management has changed a long way from the old days when garbage was collected by horse and disposed outside of town. Today, it is hard to manage waste collection process and management without the use of high technology to pinpoint the locations of vehicles and recycling bins [2]. To overcome these problems of solid waste management, an IOT based system shall connect the end devices, i.e., intelligent waste containers, to monitor which provide the data and manage when the garbage truck needed.
1.1.2 Air Quality
The continuous monitoring of pollution level in urban areas is important for a smart city. There are several parameter changes that indicate the pollution such as dust particle density in the air, humidity and the level of sound noise [3].
An IOT based system can provide means to monitor the quality of the air in crowded areas, parks, or fitness trails. In such a way, people can always find the healthiest path for outdoor activities and can be continuously connected to their preferred personal training application. The realization of such a service requires that air quality and pollution sensors be deployed across the city and that the sensor data be made publicly available to citizens [1].
1.1.3 Noise
The Internet of things is a trend where everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data. It depends on a great deal of data to function as devices are being setup to track and collect data. (Mohn, 2016) E.g. smartphones, online banking, home security systems etc. As these are important to us, we can’t over look how crime will play a vital role and affect lots of people due to its popularity and the fact that it will be a part of lives as we grow technologically.
Big Data is a term used to refer to extremely large and complex data sets that have grown beyond the ability to manage and analyse them with traditional data processing tools. However, Big Data contains a lot of valuable information which if extracted successfully, it will help a lot for business, scientific research, to predict the upcoming epidemic and even determining traffic conditions in real time. Therefore, these data must be collected, organized, storage, search, sharing in a different way than usual. In this article, invite you and learn about Big Data, methods people use to exploit it and how it helps our life.
I envision a future where all the physical objects in our living spaces are mapped to the digital world. Technology has advanced to an extent where hardware and software can be embedded into anything. Circuits have become smaller and smaller over the years. Sensors and micro-computers have shrunk in s...
cultivation control and precise irrigation. IOT also brings great convenience to forestry, especially in the forest identification, wood tracking management and so on.
With recent technological advancements and the beginnings of the automation era, smart homes are making permanent and unprecedented changes to the way we live. Forgetting things like setting security alarms or turning on the dishwasher could become relics of a former way of life as automation systems manage and link our appliances, thermostats, and even computers while putting all their features into the palms of our hands. Imagine being able to control your home with a simple remote while you're at home and with your tablet PC while on the go! While the idea of a smart home is not new, they are on the verge of rising fast in popularity as automation technology becomes more affordable and available.
As an easy scope of defining it, urban smart city is a wicked problem since it represents the inability of city planners to incorporate information technology in the daily processes of every urban area to increase their effectiveness and efficiency due to lack of adequate knowledge concerning the outcome of such initiatives. It is a fact that information technology’s limitless uses are likely to create urban centers that make living easier and better, but there is uncertainty with reference to their interconnectivity impacts (Chen par.2). The easiness of identifying the causes of the wicked problem of urban smart city prompts the consideration of various factors. These factors include the issues of privacy and security that surround technological devices, lack of clarity on eventual impact to urban livelihoods, lack of proper operation and maintenance funds, and non-commonness of policies that promote smart city agendas. Fortunately, a solution is available that can alienate all the afore-listed causes of the wicked problem of urban smart city. It involves the adoption of a leadership plan that centers on harmonizing all elements that typify urban smart city. Harmonized leadership is poised to describe systematically the vital features and functions of a typical urban smart city that covers conception, design, implementation, operation, and maintenance. These descriptions are what every involved
Until 10 years ago, air pollution was thought to be just an urban or local problem until it was discovered that the pollutants could move across continents and oceans. Air pollution is the fundamental factor that causes greenhouse gases, hence climate change and global warming. Air pollutants are the waste products generated from industrial and other processes. They usually come in gases, though aerosols (particles suspended in air, emitted as or formed by transformatio...
Making connection with patients have been a major effort and goal in the healthcare system. Traditionally, comforting hands of nurses were the main way of connecting patients to the system, but technology is going to widen the connection between nurses and patients. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology refers to connecting all objects by using the information sensing devices to the Internet for information and data collection and exchange in order to achieve intelligent identification and management. IoT is a great way to interconnect smart devices and sensors and integrate them with the healthcare system (Hao & Wang, 2015). Its functionality derives from the interactions between three architectural layers: sensors (collecting data), communication
... (IOT), the use of BAN is exponentially increasing in the society from clothing, shoes, body implants and other wearable sensors. The BAN is able to link to WSN as shown in figure 7 below. For example, a patient with chronic illnesses such as heart disease, liver and kidney failure might have sensors placed in or on their body and in the environment around them such as chairs or bed. In this instance, if they happen to have a cardiac arrest the in body sensor will relay this information to the doctors furthermore with the integration to WSN the doctor is able to determine the exact location of the patient (the chair). The challenge to engineers especially in developing countries is to come up with tailored uses of BAN, bearing in mind the timely transmission and synchronization of data from the various sensors is crucial in the use of BAN.
Humans are at the brink of a new digital paradigm, where physical and digital worlds are converging. Right now, smart-phone and its “apps” are speeding up the convergence of the physical and the digital worlds. Smart-phones are packed with sensors, measuring everything from the user's location to the ambient light. Much of that information is then pumped back into the network. Apps, for their part, are miniatu...
The world has gone through a lot of changed as time passes by. With advancements in the technological field people are can communicate with ones from around the world without having to even lift a finger. To make things more efficient and more cost saving industries have made technology wireless. Wireless technology gives people the chance to get up from their stationary computer, or cord phone and able to freely move without restrictions. The IT, or Information Technology has become a standard and very critical part of today’s society. Wireless technology came from the basic just cellular usage to sensors in the medical field. Wires are now a thing of the past in today’s world with forever revitalizing technology.
Air pollution according to the Wikipedia << is the introduction of particulates, biological materials, or other harmful materials into the Earth’s atmosphere, possibly causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment>>. Therefore, human being should be aware of the facts that the environment and all living creatures are dying. They need to understand the importance of natural items, the nature, etc…
Around the world, there are six major types of pollution such as water pollution, air pollution, solid waste, radioactive and nuclear energy, and lastly noise pollution. Noise pollution, or environmental noise, is displeasing sound created by humans, animals, or machines, that disrupts the activity or balance of domestic and animal life. The most common source of the pollution is brought on worldwide by transportation systems that include motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise and rail noise. Other sources that cause the pollution, both indoor and outdoor, are: car alarms, emergency service sirens, office equipment factory, barking dogs, appliances, fireworks, compressed air horns, construction work, grounds keeping equipment, audio entertainment systems, and even noisy people. Like the other forms of energy pollution, such as heat and light pollution, noise pollution contaminants are not physical, but instead are waves that interfere with natural-occurring waves of a similar stature.
The main characteristic of any city is its capability to form a convergence of people, skills, resources, infrastructure, government, institutions, and it has complex systems to manage public mobility, provision of utilities & services, education, affordable and quality housing. Unlike the traditional city a smart city not only comprises of the aforesaid features but also is inclusive, resilient and sustainable. It uses innovation in day to day business of life and makes processes simple and
Air pollution is a type of pollution that can severely damage our environment as well as the earth’s atmosphere. Air pollution occurs all the time when the air contains many substances ...