The Secure Shell (SSH) is a protocol to use the network services with security. For example, when an email is send or receive, SSH will automatically encrypt or decrypt the email so that attacker will not intercept in the middle of the transaction [1]. There are two versions of SSH i.e. SSH1 and SSH2. SSH has 3 main components as shown in figure 1: Transport Layer Protocol that provide confidentiality, integrity and authentication; User Authentication Protocol that authenticate client to the server; Connection Protocol that “multiplexes the encrypted tunnel into several logical channels” [1]. Figure 1: Components of SSH [3] The main benefits of SSH are: Privacy of data, Integrity of data, Authentication of senders and receivers, authorization to access, forwarding “to encrypt other TCP/IP based sessions” [2]. Privacy of data is maintained by encrypting that data that are transferred over the internet. The key is randomly selected and secretly negotiated between client and server and once the session is over, the key get discarded. Different Encryption algorithm are used such as 3-DES (triple-DES), IDEA, Blowfish. For integrity of data and to ensure that data that has arrived is same as data sent, SSH uses keyed hash algorithms based on MD5 and SHA-1 [2]. For SSH, authentication of both sender and receiver is necessary. For client and server authentication, SSH uses stronger and advanced mechanisms such as rlogin style authentication, secret key one-time passwords, per-user public key signatures. [2] Authorization is ensured in SSH by restricting certain functionalities at server level or account level. Due to this control, all features are not available for every SSH implementations rather depends on the authentication method... ... middle of paper ... ...te key to the server. Server verifies whether this key can be used for authentication [3]. Password Authentication: client sends plaintext password to the server encrypted with the key identified in the previous steps [3]. Host-based Authentication: client host preformed authentication instead of client itself for all the clients it supports. Client send signature signed using private key of client host. Server on the basis of this signature authenticate the client [3]. Last phase is data exchange. In data exchange, client and server exchanges the data by creating one or more data channels. In each channel, flow is control using window space available. There are 3 stages of the life of the channel: open channel, data transfer and close channel. One the channel is open by either of the party, data is transferred and then channel is closed by either of the party [3].
Kerberos provides a secure authentication scheme. Authentication is needed to restrict the intruders and malicious users. The major security issues discussed are privacy of the data, integrity of data and authentication mechanism which is not there in Hadoop. Hadoop supports Kerberos for authentication and many security features can be configured with the Hadoop to restrict the accessibility of the data. The data can be associated with the user names or group names in which data can be accessed. Kerberos is a conventional authentication system, improved authentication systems can be used which are more secure and efficient than
Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) are a part of the IPSec components, they are network layer protocols allowing secured communications through a VPN tunnel. Within a firewall to enable communication for AH one will use protocol 50 and for ESP protocol 51 (Frankel, Hoffman, Orebaugh & Park, 2008), both protocols 50 and 51 can be enable within the same end-to-end IPSec connection which is the Tunnel Mode connected by two gateways. Nonetheless, for Transport Mode, there are some restrictions in the order in which they appear. While AH supports connectionless integrity and authentication of the packets, ESP provides data origin authentication and confidentiality through the use of encryption, both AH and ESP provide
In view of emergence in cloud computing and cloud based identity management providers, the need for implementing SAML protocol is imperative. In addition, with the proliferation of SaaS (Software as a Service), and other web based applications, identity management has become challenging for various enterprises. Handling so many usernames and passwords for your intranet, cloud, webmail, HR system, and other resources is nothing but bothersome especially when your workforce is huge. This is where SAML is desperately needed. Many hosted services providers support SAML for authentication including Google Apps, Salesforce.com, Zendesk and Zoho. Thousands of large enterprises have adopted it as their standard protocol for their communicating identities across their network environments.
The SSL protocol uses a combination of public-key, private key, and session-key encryption. An SSL session always begins with an exchange of messages called the SSL handshake. The handshake allows the server to authenticate itself to the client by using public-key techniques and then allows the client and the server to cooperate in the creation of session keys used for encryption, decryption, and tamper detection during the session that follows. SSL is the standard security technology for establishing an encrypted connection between a web server and a client. This link ensures that all data passed between the web server and the client remains private. The steps involved in the SSL handshake start with when a client connects to a web server secured with an SSL. The client starts off by first requesting the server identify itself. Server then responds by sending a copy of its SSL certificate and the server’s public key. The client then checks if the certificate received from the server is valid. If the client trusts the certificate, it creates, encrypts, and sends back a session key using the server’s public key. Once received, the server decrypts the symmetric session key using its private key and begins an encrypted session with the client. The server and client now encrypt connection where all transmitted data is encrypted with the session
The WPS protocol relies on an eight digit Personal Identification Number (PIN) to allow the authentication of users on to the network. The protocol further relies on a session of eight Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) messages that are followed by a final message which identifies the successful completion of the session. WPS automatically configures the network name (SSID) and the WPA security key for the access point and the WPS enabled client. The benefit is that a user does not need to know what the SSID or the passcode or security key is.
Describe how and why authentication credentials are used to identify and control access to files, screens, and systems. Include a discussion of the principles of authentication such as passwords, multifactor authentication, biometrics, and single-sign-on.
Abstract— Trusted Computing Group (TCG) is providing a great effort to provide network security at every level, that’s why the technologies of trusted computing group are spreading very rapidly and will become the most leading technologies in next few years. Always there are Threats to networks, which create need for some features to secure the network at end point admission. The flow of information must be confident and data integrity measures should also be followed. The models provided by trusted computing group provides high and powerful security features, TNC: Trusted Network Connect is a technology provided by TCG, which provides security both at hardware and software platforms. TNC is basically used for NAC (Authentication Purpose). The Architecture of NAC provides a clear background of how a network can be made secure and how to avoid unauthorized access. IEEE 802.1x is a standard which provide port based network access control and protect the network from unauthorized access. If the access register is unauthorized then access is given but access is not given when the access is unauthorized. IEEE 802.1x is basically used for authentication and authorization purpose. This paper aims to review the literature of trusted computing in context of trusted network connect and 802.1x port based authentication using NAC.
The portal is accessed across the Internet from secure and encrypted connections (TLS 1.0) using high-grade 2048 bit certificates. Individual user sessions are protected by unique session tokens and re-verification of each transaction.
There are many aspects to security and many applications. One essential aspect for secure communications is that of cryptography. But it is important to note that while cryptography is necessary for secure communications, it is not by itself sufficient. There are some specific security requirements for cryptography, including Authentication, Privacy/confidentiality, and Integrity Non-repudiation. The three types of algorithms are described:
the client and server are able to correspond with one another though only if authentication has been established. Both the client and server can then come to a decision on a particular encryption method before any data can be transmitt...
...h function to a combination of the plaintext password entered by the user. Data associated with the website and a private salt stored on the client machine. Stealing the password received at one site will not give up the password that is useful at other site. They described the challenges they faced in implementing PwdHash and some techniques that may be useful to facing the comparable security issues in the browser environment. PwdHash are to strengthen password authentication using browser extension such that, they introduce little or no change to the experience and require no server side changes.
A user will be selecting a text file to be encrypted. For the completion user will have to select the key pair, private key of the user and public key of the receiver who will decrypt this message. Figure 21, 22 and 23 are evidence of process.
...uter Reseller News PG). This is accomplished by assigning each user both a private and a public key (Computer Reseller News PG). While the public key is published so that all can access it and use it to send information to its owner, the private key is kept secret and used by the receiver to decrypt the information which was sent (Computer Reseller News PG).
This chapter provides an overview of cryptography concept. It`s required to encrypt and maintain confidentiality of the information to be transmitted over the network. This is achieved through cryptography. Cryptography plays a vital role in securing the information when transmitted across the network. It helps in maintaining the integrity of the information stored on the network. Thus, security is one of the important concepts to be explored in the world of network security.
Cryptography has a powerful tool used with computers and the computer network security. This paper will explore the threats, the can and cannot do the threats, system design, implementation, state of security, etc. All systems using cryptography for authentication and privacy with the strongest cryptographic can still be vulnerable with upstream and downstream threats. The secure session of the authentication will require the secure user to have authentication and secure computer authentication.