The Second Line Of Defense Of The Innate Immune System

The innate immune system is given to you at birth and always has microbes ready to fight (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). This system is very fast to detect and attempt to eliminate any invading cells. It reacts by triggering Toll-like receptors (TLRs) who then fasten to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). The first line of defense in the innate immune system contains the skin and mucous membranes, along with normal microbiota (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). The second line of defense of the “early-warning” system consists of natural killer cells, phagocytes, eosinophils, dendritic cells, macrophages, inflammation, fever, and antimicrobial substances (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). Although a powerful system, it cannot take

Willey, 2014). The adaptive immunity contains Naïve B cells which turn into antibodies, and naïve T cell which later turn into effector T cells (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). Adaptive immunity has memory (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). This means that the adaptive immunity is a prompt and stronger immune reaction to the same microbe later on if it comes back (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). As a part of this third line of defense, it involves antibodies, along with lymphocytes called T cells and B cells (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). They change to handle a particular microbe (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). Foreign substances that start up an immune response are called antigens (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). The presence of external antigens causes B and T cells to replicate and make more proteins that function to protect the host (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). The B cell is most important because it produces and secretes antibodies. Antibodies bind to antigens and inactivate them to help kill them (Joanne M. Willey,

These cells are lymphocytes which means they are involved in specific immune responses to foreign matter; specifically in adaptive immunity (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). The hematopoietic stem cell branches off to the lymphoid progenitor (Joanne M. Willey, 2014) . That splits into lymphoblasts which make the agranulocytes, T and B cells (Joanne M. Willey, 2014).
T cells assist B cells to rid foreign cells, and turn into memory cells (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). The T-Helper cell dictates growth and variation factors (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). This decides whether you will have a strong or weak immune system (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). The cytotoxic cells are accountable for lytic enzymes and proteins (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). They kill or change injected cells (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). The suppressor cells are also known as 911 and relay a rapid response to reinfection with the same cell (Joanne M. Willey,