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HOW Harper Lee presents racism in to kill a mocking bird
Harper lee racism in to kill a mocking bird
Harper lee racism in to kill a mocking bird
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During the years of the 1930’s, the Scottsboro Boys and Tom Robinson went to court due to an alleged rape of a white female. Throughout the events that took place in both cases, Harper Lee repeatedly presented examples of racism and prejudice. Between the court cases of both Tom Robinson and “The Scottsboro Boys,” many of the featured characters’ actions and reactions were similar in responding to the weak evidence. In the story of the Scottsboro Boys, the boys were arrested due to a brawl with a couple of white men. They were tried for fighting, but also were tried for allegedly raping two females by the names of Ruby Bates and Victoria Price (Linder, “The Trials Of The Scottsboro Boys”) As the trials went on, the boys repeatedly were sentenced …show more content…
All of the courtroom’s audience watched the trial and reacted in a disrespectful manner towards the events. As everyone in that courtroom besides the Finches and their associates hated Tom Robinson, one person in particular disliked him and stated, “It’s about time somebody taught ‘em a lesson, they were getting way above themselves, an’ the next thing they think they can do is marry us” (Lee 331). Another example how most of the courtroom’s actions and reactions were negative towards the defendant is when Linder describes the trials stating “As the trials went on, they all wanted the negroes killed as quickly as possible in a way that wouldn’t bring disrepute upon the town” (Linder, “The Trials of ‘The Scottsboro Boys’”). During the events of the court cases, the audience said rude things and hated the defendants and whoever defended them. An example how they hated them is when Scout stated that “Mr. Braxton Underwood allowed his bitter eyes to rove over the colored balcony, then they met mine. He gave a snort and looked away” (Lee, 252). Another example is shown within the events of “The Scottsboro Boys” trials. Linder describes the audience “So rude and rough towards the Scottsboro Boys and their cases because they were negroes and by those actions, they always ’gave the boys a death sentence’.” …show more content…
Atticus Finch and Samuel Leibowitz both act as a symbol of hope and determination. Linder describes Leibowitz as “Treating Haywood so well that Haywood stated, ‘I love him (Leibowitz) more than life itself’” (Linder, “The Scottsboro Boys”). In this example, Atticus states “I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hands, its when you know you’ve been licked before you begin but, you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what” (Lee 149). Atticus still chooses to take on the trial even though he knows he’ll lose but, he hopes that there will be a change of thought in the judge’s mind whereas Leibowitz chooses to go ahead with the trial because he knows of their innocence and continues not to get infected by the virus of prejudice. When Leibowitz would first meet his clients he would get to know them and “he would win the affection of his clients” and since he did so in this trial, he realized the truth behind the alleged lies (Linder, “The Scottsboro Boys”). Atticus responded to a generous offering of a basket of food and goods because of his good deeds defending Tom Robinson by stating, “You tell him I’m proud to get it-- bet they don’t have chicken for breakfast at the White House. What are these?” This
The Scottsboro Trials, Brown v. Mississippi, and trial of Tom Robinson in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. The purpose of this essay is to compare three very similar cases, the Scottsboro Trials, Brown v. Mississippi, and the fictional trial of Tom Robinson in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird; and to prove why the defendant in the third trial never had a chance. Each took place in the rural South in the 1920’s and 30’s and involved the unfair conviction of young black males by all-white juries pressured by the threat of mob violence.
On March 25, 1931 nine African American youths were falsely accused and wrongfully imprisoned for the rape of two white girls. Over the next six consecutive years, trials were held to attempt to prove the innocence of these nine young men. The court battles ranged from the U.S Supreme court to the Scottsboro county court with almost every decision the same---guilty. Finally, with the proceedings draining Alabama financially and politically, four of the boys ...
“[T]here is one way in this country in which all men are created equal- there is one human institution that makes a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller; the stupid man the equal of an Einstein, and the ignorant man the equal of any college president. That institution, gentlemen, is a court” (Lee 233). These are the words uttered by Atticus Finch, an important character in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. Atticus is a lawyer, and at this point in the novel, he is trying to defend Tom Robinson, a black man who was accused of raping a white woman. This reflects upon how society was in the 1930’s, when the color of your skin affected your chances of winning a trial. In fact, it is speculated that To Kill a Mockingbird is loosely based off of the trials of the Scottsboro Boys, a famous case from this time period. Most of the main characters associated with both trials share similar traits, experiences, and backgrounds.
Harper Lee historically criticizes the Scottsboro trials with her book, To Kill a Mockingbird. Lee uses factual information as well as altering certain aspects of the trial in order to convey her theme, how the southern culture heavily protects its white womanhood. She accomplishes this by going into detail about how badly black men were stereotyped, about racial discrepancies, and disregarding contradictory evidence.
When Scout complains about her teacher, Atticus tells her that “if you can learn a simple trick, Scout, you’ll get along a lot better with all kinds of folks. You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view…until you climb into his skin and walk around in it” (Lee 33). In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus Finch teaches his daughter moral values as he prepares to defend a black man, Tom Robinson, who has been charged with raping a white woman. Harper Lee was influenced by court cases that were based on the racial prejudice of blacks. One of those cases was the Scottsboro Trial of 1931, in which nine African American males were falsely accused of raping two white women while on a train to Memphis. The trial began on April 6, 1931, and lasted just three days. Eight of the nine boys were found guilty and sentenced to death. Because the Scottsboro Boys’ first trial was appealed, it was sent to the Alabama Supreme Court, and then sent to the United States Supreme Court. The Court ordered new trials because the Scottsboro defendants had not had adequate legal representation. (Gerdes 250). The case against one of the boys, Haywood Patterson, began in Decatur, Alabama, on March 27 with Judge James Horton presiding. During this trial one of the white girls, Ruby Bates, said they were not raped while two physicians concluded that the girls were not raped either. On April 9, 1933, the first defendant, Haywood Patterson, was sentenced to execution, but Judge Horton ordered a new trial because the evidence did not warrant conviction. Even though the novel is fictional and the court case is real, the trial of Tom Robinson in To Kill a Mockingbird, and the Scottsboro Boys trial were similar be...
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee seems like a complete replica of the lives of people living in a small Southern U.S. town. The themes expressed in this novel are as relevant today as when this novel was written, and also the most significant literary devices used by Lee. The novel brings forward many important themes, such as the importance of education, recognition of inner courage, and the misfortunes of prejudice. This novel was written in the 1930s. This was the period of the “Great Depression” when it was very common to see people without jobs, homes and food. In those days, the rivalry between the whites and the blacks deepened even more due to the competition for the few available jobs. A very famous court case at that time was the Scottsboro trials. These trials were based on the accusation against nine black men for raping two white women. These trials began on March 25, 1931. The Scottsboro trials were very similar to Tom Robinson’s trial. The similarities include the time factor and also the fact that in both cases, white women accused black men.
By writing this event into the story, Harper Lee shows how racial discrimination can affect anyone of any race. “The society that imprisons Tom Robinson is the same one that imprisons Scout…” (Durst Johnson 301). Although their reasons for being confined are different, the same society caused it.
One of the major events in Harper Lee’s award-winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is Tom Robinson’s trial. It is based on the Scottsboro Case that took place in 1931 in Alabama, in which several black men were accused of raping two white women. Both the Scottsboro Boys and Tom Robinson are unfairly judged, however, because of prejudice against colored people. The racial discrimination makes whites’ testimony more believable even when it contradicts itself. The same happens in To Kill a Mockingbird. As we delve deeper into the case and get increasingly closer to the truth, it is quite suprising to see that Mayella Ewell is the true villain rather than a victim. She shall and must bear full responsibility for her actions because she makes the decision to tempt Tom Robinson, gives false testimony in court that directly leads to Tom’s death, and has been well aware of the consequences of her behaviors.
Atticus Finch shows, in many ways, the true definition of a hero, but no situation was more important than the Tom Robinson trial. In Maycomb, the thought of taking a negro’s word instead of a white man’s was ridiculous to the citizens, especially over a matter as serious as a black man raping a white woman. Regardless of this information, Atticus still takes on Tom Robinson’s case and tries to make as big of a difference as possible. When Scout asks him if he thinks that he will win the case, Atticus subtly replies “No, honey” (76). Atticus goes on to explain, “Simply because we were licked a hundred years before we started is no reason for us not to try and win” (76). Basically, Atticus believes that just because it is unlikely that he will win, it does not mean that he should just give up without trying. Throughout all the discrimination, Atticus remains tough and tries to achieve his goal, no matter how hard it is. This was an example of moral courage. Even Scout knows how hard her father is trying by comparing Atticus’ efforts to “watching Atticus walk down the street, raise a rifle to his shoulder and pull the trigger, but...
The Scottsboro Trial and the trial of Tom Robinson are almost identical in the forms of bias shown and the accusers that were persecuted. The bias is obvious and is shown throughout both cases, which took place in the same time period. Common parallels are seen through the time period that both trials have taken place in and those who were persecuted and why they were persecuted in the first place. The thought of "All blacks were liars, and all blacks are wrongdoers," was a major part of all of these trails. A white person's word was automatically the truth when it was held up to the credibility of someone whom was black. Both trials were perfect examples of how the people of Alabama were above the law and could do whatever they wanted to the black people and get away with it. In both trials lynch mobs were formed to threaten the black people who were accused. Judge Hornton tried many times to move the case to a different place so that a fair trial could take place and not be interrupted by the racist people. Finally was granted to move the case even though the lynch mobs threatened to kill everyone who was involved in the case if it were to be moved. In this essay the bias and racism in both trials are going to be clarified and compared to each other.
In Harper Lee’s fictional novel To Kill A Mockingbird, an African American field hand is falsely accused of raping a white women. Set in the 1930’s in the small town of Monroeville Alabama, Addicus Finch an even handed white attorney tries to shed a light on the injustice of this innocent black man’s conviction. Atticus feels that the justice system should be color blind, and he defends Tom as an innocent man, not a man of color.
With proper uses of tone and diction, Atticus holds himself against the power of internal and external conflicts. Atticus knew from the beginning, that taking on Tom Robinson’s case would mean taking of a bigger struggle, that would affect his family. When Scout asked Atticus why he took Tom Robinson’s case he says, “for a number of reasons”, said Atticus. “The main one is if I didn’t I couldn’t hold up my head in town, I couldn’t represent this town in legislature, and I couldn’t even tell you or Jem not to do something again” (Lee 125). Atticus truly shows signs of defeating internal conflict by taking Tom Robinson’s case head-on. Also when Atticus is meeting with the men who believe Tom guilty, outside of his office, he tries to show confidence. With the help of his children, the mob of men is scared off, “Mr. Finch? They gone?” Our nightmare had gone with daylight, everything would come out alright” (Lee 176). The mob of angry men symbolizes the external conflict that all the Finches are
In 1960, a novel was written to outline injustices and racism against those who were innocent, though unfairly judged because of social expectations and prejudiced beliefs. This novel not only presented these issues, but is also considered a revolutionary piece of literature, still being read by many people today, more than 50 years later. The novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, has caused some controversy about the intents of the book and the way certain people or groups are presented. Whether To Kill a Mockingbird as a narrative outshines the issue it presents is a debatable argument. However, I believe that the narrative of the novel supports the concerns exhibited for numerous reasons. In what follows, some of these are presented: the historical
The Scottsboro Boys saga was a travesty at the time and remains an indelible mark on America’s social, cultural and judicial history. Their plight became a symbol of the oppression faced by black Americans in an America where white supremacy reigned as an accepted fact of life. Now something of folkloric proportion, this example of pervading southern prejudice and gross injustice captures a moment in America’s law and order environment. The Scottsboro Boys trials to this day highlight the climate of enduring racism socially, culturally and embedded in the legal system. Equally, the case shows the uneven application of the law and to some extent, a changing law and order environment.
Similar to the Tom Robinson case, the Scottsboro boys were falsely accused of rape. Even though there was no evidence provided for the prosecution, they were convicted due to the injustice of the time. Furthermore, there is a relationship between the Emmett Till incident and the novel. In both cases whites went against the law and lynched, or attempted to lynch, the African American and were not punished for it. Finally, the stories are all on common terms in that the conflicts involved white men trying to keep African American males away from white girls, even if the African Americans never actually did anything