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Causes and consequences of conflict
Causes and consequences of conflict
Causes and consequences of conflict
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Conflict- Sensitive Development Initiatives:
Collier (2007, p. 33) argues that the economic growth is the best way for fragile societies to avoid the conflict trap. UNDP (2003, P.31) notices that the identification of the conflicts’ negative effects on development, the international community did not develop tools to address the civic conflicts factors similar to the tools that addressed the wars between countries. According to UNDP (2003, p. 43) efforts for extreme poverty reduction should be integrated with peace-building and conflict prevention strategies. Based on that, UNDP has developed in 2003 the “Conflict Related Development Analysis (CDA)” tool that is comprised of three steps including the analysis of conflict roots, the current
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CDA framework aims at addressing not only the security and political factors of conflict, but also the underlying economic and social factors (UNDP, 2003, p.7). Similarly, USAID (2012, p.9) considers that the conflict drivers should be considered an integral part of designing development initiatives in conflict areas. Therefore, USAID (2012, p.31) applies “Conflict Analysis Framework, CAF” that is sensitive to conflict situations and works on two key stages: identifying the political economic, social and security factors of the conflict, and then developing intervention programs that are sensitive and responsive to that conflict. The world Bank (2011, p.270) concludes from its review international assistance provided to many countries that working under insecure conditions requires coordinated and integrated work on “development, …show more content…
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Experience of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo. Intrac Publications. Retrieved from: http://www.intrac.org/data/files/resources/404/Praxis-Paper-9-Civil-Society-Capacity-Buidling-in-Post-Conflict-Societies.pdf
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A Separate Peace, written by John Knowles is a flashback of the main character, Gene Forrester’s schooling at the Devon School in New England. During this flashback Gene remembers his best friend Finny, who was really athletic and outgoing. Gene and Finny’s friendship was a relationship of jealousy. Gene was jealous of Finny’s talent in athletics, and Finny was envious of Gene’s talent in school. In the end, Gene’s jealousy of Finny takes over and causes him to shake the tree branch that makes Finny fall and break his leg. The break was bad, but it was not until Finny fell down the stairs and broke his leg again, that he had to have surgery. The surgery that Finny would undergo would cause more complications and heartbreaking news for Gene. During the surgery Finny would lose his life due to some bone marrow that escaped into his blood stream and stopped his heart from beating. “As I was moving the bone some of the marrow must have escaped into his blood stream and gone directly to his heart and stopped it” (Knowles 193). Although people do not normally think about bone marrow as being a huge part of the human body, it can cause some major issues if it has to be replaced or escapes into the blood stream.
Some americans say that nations hinge on each other, while others say they also compete with one another. This gives rise to rivalry, which sometimes leads to war. Some wars emerge from differentiation in race, religion and culture. Due to the evolution of technology in an accelerated pace, highly sophisticated weapons are now available for use in wars. Wars also bring about widespread destruction, disrupt communication and hamper commerce. Thus, they cause heavy financial loss and great suffering to people. The effects of wars often affect countries that are not involved in the conflict. The threat of war can pressure a nation to waste immense amounts of money on defense instead of spending on developmental works like creating roads, hospitals, schools, and much more. War can halt a countries development. Some countries try to achieve political desires by using terrorism as a weapon against other countries. Terrorism spreads fear in civilians through acts of violence like killings and hostages. This intimidation has transformed into worldwide threat.
In both conflicts the main cause of each power nation's failure can be traced to a misunderstanding or lack of understanding the root cause of the conflicts. Which provided a basis for the insurgency
For developing regions, Latin America and Africa are a few of the focal countries to analyze civil war onset and for future preventions. Cuba, now a communist state underwent political turmoil from leaders like Fidel Castro to achieve its present government. Nigeria, a prominent oil powerhouse also faced ethnic conflict stemming from its diverse population. Both countries are still susceptible to future conflicts, but learning from their own history could easily prevent it from happening.
In countries where conflict has raged, but where the political will has developed to work towards a non-violent state of being, DDR has been a policy to aid the sustainable development of peace. Ana Cutter Patel writes that DDR is an integral part of peace building; it tries to disarm, demobilize and reintegrate former combatants in order to establish security which is one of the key components of peace. According to Sandra Pogodda et al. DDR is also part of a state building practice, for demobilization and disarmament of ex-combatants ensures the state's monopoly on the use of force. The intervening organizations that practice DDR, often but not exclusively the UN, are assisting the government to ensure security in the country. Should these interventions be considered political? This essay will argue that because DDR processes take on an important role in the political sphere of a country and influence the distribution of power by taking away the physical power of rebel groups, the DDR process should be considered political. Organizations conducting DDR will have their own interests, and directly influence political will in a country. Furthermore, lasting demobilization will likely depend on the distribution of political and socio-economic power, which will be assessed by DDR, being closely linked development processes.
The fall of the Soviet Union ushered in the era democracy. The world has seen, since then, many countries overthrow their old governmental structures in favor of democracy. However, for some countries this is only a dream, because sustainable peace requires not just a reform of government but a reform of all agencies in any way connected to the government. One major area that must be reformed in order for a democracy to thrive is the Security Sector. The best way to affect sustainable peace through security sector reform is to allow the people of a country to reform their security sector with aid from or based on a more experienced democratic power this can be seen through two cases: the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Romania.
In this assignment, it is intended to define and discuss the notion of Humanitarianism, explain its principles and investigate its boundaries. I would try to explain how the humanitarian act could be identified among other actors in a crisis settings, what are the boundaries of humanitarian act and how these boundaries are being challenged. First it will be fruitful to give an explanation of what is called as Humanitarianism, secondly give a brief overview of its principles and then find out the boundaries of the humanitarian act and its challenges.
The cartoon explains that the United Nations declared that the world will not engage in war. The world will not accept armed conflict. "It is absolutely unacceptable" ("Michael Sudsy Sutherland cartoon"). However in truth the United Nations created global conflict and did not prevent genocide. The cartoon shows the United Nations as a leader standing in front of the world and all the countries are dead because the united nations failed in preventing genocide and global conflict. After 1945 the United Nations did nothing to prevent genocide. "Yet, only years after the Nazi-era, millions were sent to their deaths in places Such as Cambodia, Bosnia, And Rwanda, and the world one again took too long to act" ("Allyson Schwartz Quote").
The recent Civil War in Congo has been a bloody flight, causing more then 3.3 million deaths in just 4 short years.1 Various rebel and ethnic groups have have been involved in the violence, fighting over Congo's rich natural resources or engaged in a bitter ethnic war. With so many opposing factions, it has made reaching a solution difficult. While a rough peace treaty has been established, sporadic fighting pops up in the country everyday. The people of Congo are being pushed farther into poverty and starvation can't handle the fighting for very much longer. I propose that the solution to the post-Civil War violence in Congo is to rid the country of all foreign nations and their problems, namely the Rwandans, and to get combatants inside of the country to hold a summit and find a peaceful and fair resolution to the problem, with a superpower like the United States acting as host and mediator. Once all quarrels are amended, the Congolese can start to focus on a economic strategy for rebuilding the country.
For my essay I will be evaluating the sub-saharan African country of Liberia. Over the course of this essay i shall try and shed some light on the main threats to peace and stability in the country. Threats that, if not treated responsibly and correctly, could throw Liberia, the Liberian people and potentially a large proportion of West Africa back into the violence and political instability that has plagued the region over the last few decades.
Weak and failed states share many common characteristics. One of the most common features of a weak state is the presence of persistent violence. This violence is in the form of civil wars and civil unrest, this is an indicator that a government has lost legitimacy as well as control over some parts of territory. Other features include a weak bureaucracy that is very susceptible to corruption especially corruption from non-state actors such as terrorists and warlords. As the government’s power and influence continues to decline, citizens turn to these non-s...
The democratic peace theory was not always seen as the substantial argument and significant contribution to the field of International Relations that it is today. Prior to the 1970’s, it was the realist and non-realist thought that took preeminence in political theoretical thinking. Though the democratic peace theory was first criticized for being inaccurate in its claim that democracy promotes peace and as such democracies do not conflict with each other, trends, statistical data, reports have suggested and proved that the democratic peace theory is in fact valid in its claim. Over the years having been refined, developed and amended, it is now most significant in explaining modern politics and it is easy to accept that there is indeed a lot of truth in the stance that democracy encourages peace. The democratic peace theory is a concept that largely influenced by the likes of Immanuel Kant, Wilson Woodrow and Thomas Paine.
Zolberg, Aristide R., Astri Suhrke, and Sergio Aguayo. Escape From Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
In a world that is being changed every minute by technology, the view of who and what people are, is changing just as quickly. In all of this change where is world peace? The world is a place of constant change and a large part of this change comes from the machine of war and the advance of technology. Some of humankind’s greatest innovations have come from the need to defend the rights and freedom of different people. Armed forces are not only used in the protection of others, but are also applied in an effort to rule over or eliminate what is perceived as weaker or inferior races. For centuries there has been conflict between tribes, countries and nations. If humankind continues to travel this path he/she will no longer be the controlling entity on this planet. In a famous quote Benjamin Franklin said “Even peace may be purchased at too high a price”. What this says is that any life lost in war is a price too high to pay. Over the time that mankind has been on this planet this price been paid time and time again to no avail? Wars are still being fought in many countries all over the world today. When will it end, when will there finally be World peace? Many things will need to change in order to achieve this noble goal. The goal of world peace is a possibility and may even happen in the near future, as more countries find freedom, self-government and become part of the global community. A global community that not only serves itself but also aids in stabilizing the world community. All these things are only part of what it takes to secure global peace. What will it take to achieve a true, lasting, stable peace?
At the height of the conflict, about one third of the country's people were displaced. The chronic financial crisis became severe and the economy was close to collapsing. Poverty has become deeper in the rural areas of the Congo where poor people are now powerless, vulnerable and isolated. This is a big contributor to the poverty Congo is experiencing today, because little has improved and won’t improve until these problems are fixed. Overall, Central Africa’s dependence on agriculture could improve the wellbeing of the people but a long history of corruption, violence, and prevalent transportation issues have hindered an improvement in the economy resulting in poverty in the region.