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Importance of science in human life
Importance of science in human life
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Many Renaissance scientists developed new techniques to further progress the understanding of human biology. Some Renaissance scientists also used current philosophies and techniques to learn more about human biology. First, the many theories about how the plague spread were overturned by renaissance scientists. Second, Roger Bacon showed how important experiment and reason are. Finally, Vesalius used the human body to learn about biology. Renaissance scientists were the biggest contributors to the progress in understanding human biology.
One way that the understanding of human biology progressed was by overturning the many false beliefs about how the plague began and spread. Due to new scientific beliefs during the renaissance, people did not use religion to explain scientific theories. During the Medieval period, people believed that the cause of the plague “was the configuration of the heavens”(Report on the Cause of the Plague). People explained the cause of sickness by using religion instead of reason and logic. The cause of the plague is an example of people assumed things to be true because other
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Bacon explained how we can not know anything for sure unless we use experiment. “Argument reaches a conclusion and compels us to admit it”(Roger Bacon). During the Medieval period, people believed that argument was all that was needed to determine something to be true. During the Renaissance people used reason and experiment to attain knowledge. Bacon also says that experience is an important factor in finding the truth. Because of people experimenting and using reason to learn about new things, people learned much more. Roger Bacon encouraged people to experiment and to find out the truth for themselves. People experimented with the subject of human biology which led to people understanding more of human
One piece of evidence stated, “As the plague kept occurring in the late 1300s, the European economy sank to a new low (Document 9).” Another piece of evidence states,” In the second half of the 14th century, a man could simply up and leave a manor, secure in the knowledge that Faith in religion had fallen because the prayers of the people were not answered. The people even thought that it was god whom had unleashed this deadly disease. One piece of evidence that I used stated,” Some felt that the wrath of God was descending upon man, and so fought the plague with player (Document 6).” Another piece of evidence stated,” Faith in religion decreased after the plague, both because of the death of so many of the clergy and because of the failure of prayer to prevent sickness and death (Document 6).”
Because the medical knowledge at the time of the Black Death was based on inaccurate observation and undue credence given to the heavenly bodies and divine will, the plague waged rampantly throughout Europe and was completely undeterred by feeble attempts at solving its medicinal mystery.
Many wondered what the true cause of the Black Plague was and how it spread all across the world in such a short amount of time. Throughout its time period, many medical authorities and scientists sought to give rational explanations for the reasons why the plague was spreading and believed it was caused by several factors such as: “corrupted air and water, hot and humid southerly winds, proximity of swamps, lack of purifying sunshine, excrement and other filth, putrid decomposition of dead bodies, excessive indulgence in foods (particularly fruits), God's wrath, punishment for sins, and the conjunction of stars and planets” (Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence). The confusion and lack of scientific knowledge on the harmful disease caused much panic and triggered many outbreaks among individuals. Many people began to start placing cities and ships under quarantine, burning sulfur to purify bad air, burning clothes, and even blaming and killing Jews in hope that they could solve a cure or at least stop the spread.
...overies in geography, technology, and navigation, all of which were important in the years to come. Thus, the scientific method laid the framework for the development of a more modern and accurate understanding of the world.
We can see this as we compare the writings of Weyer, (document 4) from the fifteenth century, who feared the Plague, to the writings of Bertrand, (document 16) from the eighteenth as he declared the Plague was cause because of religious superstition. This shift in belief may be caused by the "Age of Enlightenment" that caused people to think more irrationality, and to heavily believe in
During the fourteenth century, bacteria and viruses were mostly unknown to doctors, which meant they were most certainly unheard of for the majority of the population. Now, it is widely believed that it was caused by bacterial strains. Back then, however, people had to produce their own reasons for the Plague. In Europe, the causes of the Black Death were said to be miasma (impure air) carried by the warm southern winds. The event of March 20, 1345, the conjunction of Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars, and excessively atrocious clothing were thought to add to the ubiquitous disease. In contrast, the people near the East believed that the said disease was supposedly caused by miasma as well, but due to wind carrying the vile odor of Mongol bodies...
The Middle Ages was a dark time for the people of Europe. As the Black Death reigned during the mid-14nth century, dead bodies littered the streets, social order was abandoned, and human pretenses were forgotten. This deadly disease resulted in a complete alteration in the foundations of Europe itself. Unique practices, myths, and beliefs manifested themselves in the people?causing them to doubt the very church and government which had once captured their undoubting faith. Despite the scrambling of both doctors and church officials, there seemed no end to the enormous death tolls. The plague, feared and dreaded by all, changed the behavior of an entire continent and resulted, ultimately, in the death of a third of its population.
The Plague (French, La Peste) is a novel written by Albert Camus that is about an epidemic of bubonic plague. The Plague is set in a small Mediterranean town in North Africa called Oran. Dr. Bernard Rieux, one of the main characters, describes it as an ugly town. Oran’s inhabitants are boring people who appear to live, for the most part, habitual lives. The main focus of the town is money. “…everyone is bored, and devotes himself to cultivating habits. Our citizens work hard, but solely with the object of getting rich. Their chief interest is in commerce, and their chief aim in life is, as they call it, 'doing business’” (Camus 4). The citizens’ unawareness of life’s riches and pleasures show their susceptibility to the oncoming plague. They don’t bother themselves with matters not involving money. It is very easy for the reader to realize that they are too naive to combat the forthcoming calamity. The theme of not knowing life is more than work and habits will narrow the people’s chances of survival. Rieux explains that the town had a view of death as something that happens every day. He then explains that the town really doesn’t face towards the Mediterranean Sea. Actually it is almost impossible to see the sea from town. Oran is a town which seems to turn its back on life and freedom. The Plague was first published in 1948 in France. “Early readers were quick to note that it was in part an allegory of the German occupation of France from 1940 to 1944, which cut France off from the outside world; just as in the novel the town of Oran must close its gates to isolate the plague” (“The Plague” 202). When the plague first arrives, the residents are slow to realize the extreme danger they are in. Once they finally become aware of it...
In the mid-14th century the known world was taken unaware as terrible pandemic spread through the population. The Black Plague was a horrific sickness that killed up to 45% of people as it travelled across trade routes through Europe, Asia, and the Middle-East. Fleas from rats infected humans and they in turn infected others, leading to dreadful symptoms and, for most, death. As the world was ravaged by the invisible killer, the two major religions of the time had very unique responses that are still remembered in history. The Bubonic Plague impacted both Muslims and Christian communities in the 1300s, their responses were similar in religious implications and theorized causes of the ailment, yet unlike in aspects such as social change.
With the start of the plague Europeans looked desperately for help to answer their many questions, on why God would allow such a thing to occur. People throughout Christendom had prayed devoutly for deliverance from the plague and when their prayers weren't answered they began to change their methods of administering the traditions which were attached to the church. They were left alone to live life without the powerful God which left awe and fear in all, during a very difficult era. Religion affected every aspect of everyday life and without it a new period of philosophical questioning lay ahead.
‘’These changes were both positive and negative and contributed to conditions favorable to the decline of feudalism, the end of the Middle Ages and the emergence of the Renaissance’’(Cultural and Economic). The Church could not save people, nor come up with a reason why this plague was here, which had people questioning their beliefs (Cultural and Economic). Doctors could not even understand the disease, nor how it transpired, which led people to thinking supernatural powers the cause (Cultural and Economic). It was easy for people to point fingers and blame people and lose faith (Cultural and Economic). Many people believed the plague was some kind of punishment from God for their sins such as greed, blasphemy, heresy, fornication and worldliness (History.com Staff). The only way they thought they could end this plague was to win God’s forgiveness (History.com Staff). ‘‘Some people believed that the way to do this was to purge their communities of heretics and other troublemakers–so, for example, many thousands of Jews were massacred in 1348 and 1349’’(History.com Staff). This massacred was because it was told that the Jews were trying to kill off the Christians (Ken). Jews were usually merchants and merchants were the ones that carried the infected rodents (Cultural and Economic). Another way people tried to make amends was by whipping or beating themselves
Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, radical and controversial ideas were created in what would become a time period of great advances. The Scientific Revolution began with a spark of inspiration that spread a wild fire of ideas through Europe and America. The new radical ideas affected everything that had been established and proven through religious views. "The scientific revolution was more radical and innovative than any of the political revolutions of the seventeenth century."1 All of the advances that were made during this revolutionary time can be attributed to the founders of the Scientific Revolution.
In conclusion, the scientific revolution brought dramatic change in the way people lived their lives, and it certainly influenced eighteenth century free-thinking. The scientific method was comprehensively utilized during the eighteenth century to study human behavior and societies. It enabled scientist and scholars alike to exercise their freedom of rationality so they could come to their own conclusions about religion and humanity as a whole. They could finally do so without having to defer to the dictates of established authorities.
The changes produced during the Scientific Revolution were not rapid but developed slowly and in an experimental way. Although its effects were highly influential, the forerunners Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon, and Rene Descartes only had a few hundred followers. Each pioneered unique ideas that challenged the current views of human beingsí relationship with nature. With the backing of empirical observation and mathematical proof, these ideas slowly gained acceptance. As a result, the operation of society, along with prior grounds for faith were reconsidered. Their ideas promoted change and reform for humansí well-being on earth.
...pted by people of the Late Middle Ages. More importantly, it brought out the idea that the Bible could not be interpreted for science, instead, people were to experiment or observe for themselves. The strongly supported heliocentric theory no refuted the favorable idea of humanity being in the center. The Scientific Revolution revealed the fact that the sun was in the universe, at the same time, it encouraged people to become innovators, thinkers, and experimenters instead of being dependent on theology. The Scientific Revolution was a big step forward for humanity. It showed that everyone was capable of thinking logically. In our society today, people can freely debate, read, and discover for themselves. Without the Scientific Revolution, the modernization of science may have been delayed, and our present ideas of the universe and humanity may have been different.