Trafficking in Persons
The American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative’s (ABA ROLI) trafficking in persons (TIP) programs aim to prevent TIP, prosecute the perpetrators, identify and protect the victims and improve partnerships among state and nonstate actors. ABA ROLI has been successful in integrating core rule of law concepts to anti-TIP programming in the following five areas: 1) promoting legal and policy reform; 2) prevention and risk mitigation; 3) enhancing victims’ access to justice and essential services; 4) criminal justice strengthening; and 5) facilitating multisectoral and international cooperation.
Strategy 1: Promoting Legal and Policy Reform
ABA ROLI supports countries as they develop and strengthen legal systems to
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ABA ROLI works with local attorneys, bar associations, law students, and civil society to provide services to TIP victims. ABA ROLI builds expertise and capacity to support the prosecution of TIP; map legal and procedural trends; deliver assistance to victims; and develop methodologies for strategic litigation.
Highlights:
In Mali, ABA ROLI works with anti-slavery advocates and communities to empower victims of slavery to gain independence, re-integrate into their communities, and support victims of forced child labor.
In Mauritania, ABA ROLI worked with community-based paralegals to provide legal assistance and access to legal identity documents for 200 individuals reintegrating into society.
Strategy 4: Criminal Justice Strengthening
ABA ROLI ensures robust and competent investigation, prosecution, adjudication, monitoring, and documentation of TIP cases and interrelated crimes with a broad effort in combating transnational crime. ABA ROLI develops and implements multi-institutional and interdisciplinary trainings for criminal justice sector actors to bolster their capacity to respond to human- trafficking crimes consistent with international human rights
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ABA ROLI also develops technical assistance programs that enhance cooperation between states in both criminal and administrative matters like transnational investigations; extradition; tracing, freezing, seizing, and confiscation of proceeds of foreign crimes; border security measures; safe and orderly repatriation of TIP victims; and comparative research studies. ABA ROLI assists in gathering and transmitting information, best practices, and evidence between law enforcement agencies, legal aid bureaus, and policy
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Globalization can be defined as the “development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free-trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets that transcend nation-state boundaries”. As the world becomes a more integrated society we are more readily able to share goods, services, ideas, and technology. Furthermore, we are able to move more freely between nations. With this freedom there comes prosperity for people, companies and entire countries as we can now gain access to things we never had before. But as we expand our ideas and make it easier to cross borders, those with malicious and deceptive intentions are slipping through and committing heinous crimes that all too often go unnoticed.
“Human trafficking coerces and persuades their victims to cross national borders in search of new jobs and better opportunities and after that they are forced into some sort of labor bondage” (At Issue: Human Trafficking 1). Even though trafficking is a problem in almost every country; poorer countries have a bigger problem with it because they are more desperate for work. Just in 2000, the U.S. enacted their first federal anti-trafficking law, called the Victims of Trafficking Protection Act (At Issue: Human Trafficking 1). Trafficking has just begun to receive notice on how big of a problem it actually is. “Proponents of strict anti-trafficking initiatives say that laws and prevention against trafficking are necessary in order to stem the growing tide of large scale organized crime that profits off of smuggling and trafficking” (At Issue: Human Trafficking 1).
Assessing government efforts became very difficult. It’s difficult to get the government’s support when some traffickers are willing to become victims. Prosecutors need the help of the government to win trafficking cases. The Mexico government issued forced regulations for the 2012 anti-trafficking law. According to state.gov “continued to operate a secured shelter in the capital for female sex trafficking victims involved in the legal process against their traffickers.” The government is trying to come up with the best prevention activities and ideas. According to state.gov “It was difficult to receive government efforts to identify and help victims and to look into prosecuting trafficking cases, as data collection on victim identification and law enforcement efforts was uneven.
According to Rijken (2009) any activity that involves the recruitment, transportation, or receipt of a person using coercive or deceptive means with the intent of exploitation is defined as Human Trafficking. If the victim is under 18 the coercive or deceptive means in unnecessary to call such conduct trafficking (p. 212). There are 12.3 million victims of human trafficking worldwide at any given moment (Hepburn & Simon, 2010; Nack, 2009). Statistics show that 43% are forced into the sex trade, 32% are used in forced labor, and the remaining 25% are trafficked for mixed or undetermined reasons (Hepburn & Simon, 2010). In the United States alone, 15-18,000 women, children, and men are trafficked annually. People of all genders, races, and ages are at risk of becoming victims of human trafficking. We can’t simply prosecute our way to social justice. Of course people who exploit people should be punished. But definitions of trafficking often cast a wide net, encompassing all sex workers. While law enforcement has the biggest role to play, the quest to end modern slavery must have other champions. Forced labor and sex trafficking is the second most profitable criminal enterprise, and the fastest growing. Yet the level of awareness within the United States is not commensurate. To truly confront this most egregious of crimes, civil society must be a lead proponent. Organizations already exist that help in a variety of ways, such as providing training to those who could identify victims. (Ergas, Y.; "Online Journal - JIA SIPA.")
There are many believed reasons for the increase in trafficking in the last decade. In general, the criminal business feeds on poverty, despair, war, crisis, and ignorance. The globalization of the world economy has increased the migration of people across borders, both legally and illegally, mostly from lower class to high class countries. International planned crimes taken full advantage of the more independent flow of people, money, goods and services to extend its own goal internationally (CRS, 2008). Many abusers are being put into jail for rape and abuse to minors and adults. As a community, it is needed to do more interdisciplinary interventions, just to care for the victims of trafficking, but also to help prevent the cause of it. Popular Defenders, an organization that trains local citizens to interact with victims of gender violence, started a task about female human rights. A way that communities are helping th...
There are three main issues with sex trafficking in our criminal justice system. First, we truly need to understand the scope and nature of the problem. “The primary statistics used to describe the prevalence of sex trafficking in the United States are estimates of the number of people who are at risk of becoming victims of this crime” (Cray, Parsons, 2014). Meaning, we are focusing on the number of people that could possibly become victims, and not focusing on the number of people that are
However, all hope is not lost and there have been advances towards the prosecution of human trafficking cases. In 2000, the United States passed the “Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000” (hereinafter referred to as TVPA) which was drafted with the purpose of offering protection to people who are in the country illegally and may be victims of human trafficking. In order to be granted relief under “TVPA”, victims must prove that they were trafficked and submit to prosecution of hi...
“Modern-day slavery and the sex trade in the United States has become a $28 billion dollar industry, rivaling drug trafficking” (Tomas 1). “Human trafficking is the fastest growing crime and the third largest organized crime in the world after the drug and arms trade. UNICEF estimates that 5.5 million children are trafficked globally every year”(Ezeobi 2). “Dec. 6 of this year marks 150 years since the ratification of the 13th Amendment formally abolished slavery in the United States”(Krulak 1). “In spite of more than a decade of efforts to rescue victims and raise awareness, the overall problem of modern-day slavery is actually getting worse” (Krulak 2). “Human trafficking is the fastest growing criminal enterprise in the world”(Krulak 2). “We’ve seen increases in trafficking case filed, prosecuted and convicted”(Perez 1). “The NHTRC received reports of 9,298 unique cases of human trafficking”(Lee 2). “Of those cases, 64% involved sex trafficking, 22% involved labor trafficking, nearly 3% involved both sex and labor trafficking”(Lee 2). An additional 12% were unspecified”(Lee 2). “The National Center for missing and Exploited Children says at least 100,000 children across the country ate trafficked each year”(Alcindor 1). “Polaris project, a non-profit that runs the national human trafficking hotline, has received 58, 911 calls since December 2007”(Alcindor 3). At least 2,081 callers have identified themselves as a
Many people are astounded to hear that human trafficking is not just a complication outside of America’s borders and that it is flattering more of an American drawback as intervals go on. Human trafficking has converted into creation's second leading criminal industry, transforming the individual, their dignity and rights as a human being, and humankind. The United States of America is mainly a transfer for trafficking in persons. It is assessed in The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, “that 14,500 to 17,500 people, primarily women and children, are trafficked to the U.S. annually.” This act augments pre-existing illegal disadvantages, offers new defenses and makes accessible certain welfares and aids to victims of trafficking. The Department’s Annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices estimated that from at least 127 countries have found to be harnessed in 137 states. In the United States, for instance, more than 15,000 individuals are enforced into the present day counterpart of slavery every year. An estimated one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand Americans are forced into this each year, as predicted by the national police department. But the collision of human trafficking goes beyond individual victims; it undermines the safety and security of all nations it touches. The U.S. has aided states to enact anti-trafficking regulation, educated law enforcement officials, DAs, border guards and judicial officers, and impeaching traffickers, and protecting targets.
NALA have available for paralegals the options of CLE (Continuing Legal Education). This program is live educational, online self-study programs, and publications which is overseen by the association’s Continuing Education Counsel. The council works with Headquarters staff, professional writers, and others in planning and developing educational programs. The three areas I have chosen for CLE are Real Estate, Social Security Representation, and State and Federal Administration Law. The three areas mentions are my areas of interest, becoming a member of NALA, will allow me the opportunity to participate in CLE to give me the necessary knowledge to better and myself and know the law behind it. For a paralegal to participate in this...
There is an extensive variety of crimes occurring internationally, and human trafficking is one of many severe crimes that cannot be stopped. Human trafficking is the form of modern day slavery, and is one of the largest and most crucial crimes on the globe. Without having an actual date of when it started, human trafficking has been going on for centuries. This crime involves sex exploitation, which exposes the victim to diseases such as HIV or STD’s, and in some cases unwanted pregnancies. Human trafficking also entails forced labor such as work in factories, agriculture, and at restaurants. The forced labor that is being involved in this crime is one of the main concept that ties in with slavery. Human trafficking also includes the
Farrell, A., and S. Fahy. "The problem of human trafficking in the U.S.: Public frames and policy responses. " Journal of Criminal Justice 37.6 (2009): 617. Criminal Justice Periodicals, ProQuest. Web. 3 Aug. 2010.
Trafficking in Persons Report (2007) discusses many different tiers in relation to a counties response to human trafficking. Tier one consists of countries whose government fully comply with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act’s minimum standards, for example Australia, Uk, Germany and Norway. In tier two the countries whose government do not fully comply with TVPA’s minimum standards but making efforts to bring themselves up such as Japan, Romania, Peru and Rwanda. And finally tier three are governments that do not full...
Molly Arts Spanish II Seora Hidalgo 3/23/24 Acculturation of Spanish Diets Acculturation is a term that refers to the assimilation of one culture into another. As more Latin Americans and Spanish speakers move to the US, research suggests that dietary quality has potential to be compromised when associated more with the US mainstream diet and culture, especially in younger generations. In this essay, we will cover how income affects dietary quality among Spanish-speaking people in the US. Furthermore, we will examine the questions someone from the target culture may have and the solutions we are able to provide. Lastly, we will discuss the differences in meal time and other cultural differences between Spanish speaking countries and the US.