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The truth of repressed memories
The truth of repressed memories
The truth of repressed memories
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A repressed memory is a condition in which a memory has been blocked by an individual due to the high level of stress or trauma contained in that memory. Even though the individual cannot recall the memory, it may still be affecting them consciously. Since repressed memories cause physical and emotional damage, expressing feelings rather than repressing them after experiencing a traumatic even will highly benefit the effected individual. Repressing memories can be extremely detrimental in both physical and emotional aspects. Since repression causes such stress on the human body, it is much more common for the effected individual to have disorders such as hyperextension and cardiovascular disease. “Thus, although repression improves one’s self-esteem and emotional state in the short-term by protecting against negative affects and memories, it also takes a physical toll on one’s body… resulting in hypertension and compromised immune functioning. This risk–benefit equation has also been found in coronary patients and cancer patients” (Knafo par. 12). This study done by Danielle Knafo explains that although repression may be a quick fix emotionally, it has major consequences in the long run. Apart from the physical pain individuals experience from repression, the individual will also have to deal with emotional pain. Studies show that phobias, neuroses, and conversion hysteria become more common once memories are repressed because of the stress level associated with repression. In order to avoid the damage associated with repression, once a person experiences something traumatic in their life, that individual should undergo therapy right away. Undergoing therapy will allow the patient to overcome emotional and psychological p... ... middle of paper ... ...in an individual’s life it will be easy for them to recall later in life once they receive the cue for the memory to be remembered. If an individual who has once experienced trauma in their life deals with their emotions by keeping them bottled up, they will eventually crack because of all of the physical and emotional damage that they are causing themselves. Most importantly, research has proven patients undergoing therapy for repression have made positive changes in their life, and because of this improvement, patients should always express their feelings. After experiencing a traumatic event, individuals should seek professional guidance so that they learn how to deal with the emotional and physical damage that will eventually set in. Being proactive and going to therapy will allow patients to overcome pain and help patients to become at peace with their past.
Those who are in favor of retrieved memories state that these memories can be repressed and remain unattainable for years until an individual seeks therapy, where these memories can often be uncovered and trauma related to them can be treated (Freyd, 1994). On the other hand, some individuals have expressed concerns with the concept of repressed memories since, according to them, there is little scientific evidence that can support the theory (Patihis, Ho, Tingen, Lilienfeld & Loftus, 2014). In other words, cases where individuals experience traumatic events but often lack memories of these, often do not provide sufficient reliable evidence to make credible arguments. Memory research offers further insight into the controversial topic of “memory wars” by explaining if the notion of repressing memories and placing them into the unconscious is a feasible hypothesis. Furthermore, research presented in this brief will discuss the reliability and usefulness of using recovered memories as evidence in a court cases. Due to the controversial nature of recovered memories in judicial courts and scientific communities, it is important to consider research in the area to determine truthfulness in allegations involving recovered memories, as these have previously posed
False memories being created is obvious through many different ways, such as eye-witness testimonies and past experiments that were conducted, however repression is an issue that has many baffled. There seems to be little evidence on the factual basis of repressed memories, and many argue that it does not exist. The evidence for repression in laboratories is slowly emerging, but not as rapidly as the evidence for false memories. It has been hard to clinically experiment with repressed memories because most memories are unable to be examined during the actual event to corroborate stories. Experimenters are discovering new ways to eliminate this barrier by creating memories within the experiment’s initial phase. This is important for examining the creation of false memories during the study phase. This research study will explore the differences between recovered memories and false memories through research and experiments. Other terms and closely related terms will be discussed, while examining any differences, in relation to repressed memories. The possibility of decoding an actual difference between recovered memories and false memories, through biological techniques. Because false memories can be created, examining these creations in a laboratory setting can shed light on facts overlooked. Exploring these issues will also help with the development of better therapeutic techniques for therapists in dealing with memories. This can lead to an easier process for patients and therapists if they must go through the legal system in relation to an uncovered memory.
... middle of paper ... ... Retrieved from Senia: http://www.senia.com/2007/09/24/5-specific-techniques-from-positive-psychology-more-productive-more-successful-happier/. Retrieved on 10/20/13. Network, F. R. (2010-2013). Trauma Abuse Treatment -.
“Exiles are the highly vulnerable, sensitive parts of us that were most hurt by emotional injuries in the past.” Thereby, people attempt to disconnect from these painful emotions and memories in order to never experience them again. This leads to other inner entities becoming managers of those emotions. For example, a child that was abused by a family member in the middle of the night in their bedroom may as an adult be taken back to their sense of fear when their partner mistakenly awakens them in the middle of the night. Their managers would be activated to control the environment and suppress their feelings. However, “When the managers fail to control the exiled emotions, extreme behaviors emerge, such as addictions, binges, rages and anger, and Schwartz refers to them as firefighters.” This is where a conflict between married couples can emerge requiring intervention. The husband has no idea what his wife is feeling in that moment and believes her reaction or requirements are unrealistic. Yet through IFS therapy, the care seekers can come to acknowledge the real emotion at hand and as Schwarts says, “They stop berating themselves and instead, get to know, rather than try to eliminate, the extreme inner voices or emotions that have plagued them.” By addressing these emotions, clients can learn to lead themselves and see their
...Although there may be a few benefits to erasing a person’s memory, in the end it is wrong. Without their memories a person doesn’t have the chance to form their identity and without being able to learn from our mistakes, they will continue to be made. Being an adult with a blank slate isn’t right, and you can’t experience good things without also experiencing bad things.
Imagine having a memory of a very traumatic event resurface in your mind after forgetting about it for twenty years. That is what happened to Eileen Franklin in 1989 when she had recovered what is called a repressed memory of her father, George Franklin, killing her friend in 1969, which eventually lead to her father getting a sentence of life in prison (Beaver, 1996). A repressed memory is a memory that is not forgotten, but is a memory of something traumatic that is blocked and not recovered unless triggered by something. Although her descriptions of the event were very vivid, describing colors and sounds, most of what she described could be proven inaccurate. Some of what she described was information that was misreported in newspapers that she had probably read or been told about in the past. This is an example of the misinformation effect. Misinformation effect is when someone is misled by information about an event that they witnessed and has an effect on how they remember that event later. This is just one example of how the misinformation effect can change how an event is described.
The film emphasizes on the power of our long-term memory and our episodic memories. Would we be happier if we forgot about traumatic past experiences? Or are our long-term memories so tangled up with emotions and sensations that our brain is unable to truly let go of long-term memories? The film also looks at the difference between explicit and implicit memories.
Recovered memories of childhood trauma and abuse has become one of the most controversial issues within the field of psychology. Controversy surrounding repressed memory - sometimes referred to as the memory wars – reached its’ peak in the early 1990s, where there was a rise in the number of people reporting memories of childhood trauma and abuse that had allegedly been repressed for many years (Lindsay & Read, 2001). There are a number of different factors that have contributed to the dispute surrounding recovered memories. Firstly, there is an ongoing debate about whether these types of memories actually exist or whether these accusations arose as a result of suggestive therapeutic procedures. In particular, this debate focuses on two main
The power of empathy is often overlooked. “Humans and other higher primates appear to be predisposed to empathy, to respond emotionally to [a] secure sense of self . . .” (O’Conner). This is significantly better than just plunging into one’s past without buffer material. This feature is also what makes
Retrograde and Anterograde Amnesia Darling, what did you say was Sue's number? " I don't remember stripping at Dan's birthday party last year!" No officer, I don't know what happened after the accident. I can't even remember my name. " Amnesia is the partial or complete loss of memory, most commonly temporary and for only a short period of time.
Have you ever been an eyewitness at the scene of a crime? If you were, do you think that you would be able to accurately describe, in precise detail, everything that happened and remember distinct features of the suspect? Many people believe that yes they would be able to remember anything from the events that would happen and the different features of the suspect. Some people, in fact, are so sure of themselves after witnessing an event such as this that they are able to testify that what they think they saw was indeed what they saw. However, using an eyewitness as a source of evidence can be risky and is rarely 100% accurate. This can be proven by the theory of the possibility of false memory formation and the question of whether or not a memory can lie.
In recent years there has been a hot debate between "repressed" vs. "false" memories. Neurobiological studies show that both suppression and recall and the creation of false memories are possible. This paper evaluates the evidence but forth by both sides of the controversy and concludes that both are feasible and separate phenomenon, which occur at significant rates in our society.
Amnesia is the incompetence to recall longstanding memories or to create new ones. The main symptoms that are associated with amnesia include: the ability to learn new information is impaired, some struggle in recalling new or past events, confusion or disorientation, loss of memory and the formation of false memories. The causes of amnesia include strokes, oxygen deprivation, head inflammation, brain injuries. Psychological trauma (physical, sexual or emotional abuse) has also been known to be a cause of amnesia.
Toseland & Rivas (2009) expressed how the psychodynamic theory focuses primarily on the individual, group members act out in the group unresolved conflicts from early life experiences (p.59). The group focused on past life experiences while exploring the cognitive moral reasoning behind their actions and how to cope positively from the injustices that occurred. As we divulged into heavy topics some group members enforced defense mechanisms that had formed earlier in their lives. Thus, the Social Worker and I had to link group members past behaviors to their current ones to help them solve conflict and hinderances in their behavior and positive way of thinking. Overall, the members of the group progressed tremendously from their negative coping behaviors. The treatment group has increased their self-confidence on their ability to persevere after enduring trauma and substance abuse issues. They have also gained a deeper respect for one another, and created a positive social support group outside of the treatment group
Cognitive Processing Theory and Emotional Processing Theory support the notion that following a traumatic event, distortions can occur to survivors’ basic assumptions about the world and themselves, which lead to changes in thinking and behaviour (Sharma-Patel, Brown & Chaplin, 2012). To treat the symptoms of post-traumatic stress, one must treat the underlying narrative surrounding the trauma (Sharma-Patel et al. 2012). Both theories posit that distorted assumptions must be challenged and corrected to enable the survivor to experience themselves as ‘competent and courageous’ (Sharma-Patel, et al. 2012). Emotion-Focused Therapy for Trauma (EFTT) is an evidence-based, short-term individual therapy that has proven highly effective in treating clients with trauma through its emphasis on both narrative and emotion processes (Paivio & Angus, 2017). Pennebaker (1997) argues that writing about a traumatic event allows the individual to organize the traumatic memory and most importantly, allows for cognitive change (i.e., accommodation) over the course of writing. Ramanathan (2015) suggests that in PTSD, it is possible that a part of one’s working memory has gone into ‘automatic mode’, so that mindful writing in