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Crusades and their impact on Europe
The first crusade research paper
Crusades and their impact on Europe
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The crusades for the most part, are largely misunderstood. The Crusaders were not gullible, or stupid to travel so far, but rather, patriots for Christ. Although Europe was left in poor hands, they were still cheered on. The crusades were, in fact, triggered by Muslim aggression.
The first of three points is this: the crusaders fought primarily for the cause of Christ. Unlike Islam, the Christians had no well-defined concept of holy war in the middle ages. Christ had no need for an army. The word ‘crusade’ actually comes from the Latin ‘cruce signati’ which translates those signed by the cross‘’. The knights and nobles of the crusades went, not because the Pope commanded them, but out of a true necessity to liberate the lands of their savior. The thought that God would bless them with victory as He had done long ago for His people, where they not His people as well? Would God, not dispel the infidel Turks as He had scattered the Philistines long ago? Yes, these were some of the most faithful Christians you could meet. They were going to die for what they thought was God’s will. That is simply dumbfounding (Madden 2).
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My second of three points is: the crusades were not cheap.
At first, this doesn’t sound like much of a problem, after all, weren’t the crusaders mostly nobles and knights? Actually the antithesis is true; the majority of the crusaders were relatively poor. But because of this they were able to simply get up and go whereas the nobility had to wait and prepare for the journey. Though they thought that they were to be protected by God the crusades, more often than not, were a one way trip. This simple fact had a tendency to split families with grief (Nicholson 143). The crusades didn’t only go on in the east, there were also crusades against pagans, heretics, and enemies of the
church. The third and final point that I’ll make is this: Muslim aggression mainly triggered the crusades. Like the Reconquista, in Spain, the crusades began as a result of Muslim conquest of Christian territories. The Muslims started a thing called jihad, or holy war, the Byzantines thought that ‘holy war’ would have been a good excuse for re-taking the lands of Anatolia, which had been taken from them by the Turks. Byzantinum was under attack and needed military assistance, fast (Madden 27). What reason had the Turks for this conquest? The answer is the Mongols. In around 1260 A.D., the Mongols invaded the Seljuk sultanate. Completely shattering it into smaller, more easily conquered divisions. The Mongols brought to Islam eastern ideas which were neither appreciated nor accepted. The Muslim Turks frequently attacked Christians while fighting among themselves. The Seljuk Turks drove the Mongols out of the Middle East. They were united under Saladin. The Muslims, Sunni or Shiite, were out to make people convert or die. As we have seen, the crusades were at the fault of the Muslims and that the crusaders had produced an all-out sense of synthetic vigour when it came to the topic of protecting the Holy Land. These men were ready to lay their lives on the line for what they thought was God’s plan. Just as any true patriot will die for the freedom of his country. The crusaders gave their lives for Christ. I challenge you to give your lives to Christ. Share the good news of Christ to all nations.
The Crusaders purpose was to fight against non-Christians, and convert non-Christians into Christians. Examples of Non-Christians were Muslims and Jews. Although crusades were warriors, they had limit warfare meaning crusades couldn’t cause blood shed on holy days or weekends.
In 1095 Pope urban II call all Christians to take part in what would become the world’s greatest Holy War in all of history. Urban’s called Christians to take up arms and help fight to take the Holy Land of Jerusalem back from the accursed Muslims. During this time of war the whole world changed. Land boundaries shifted, men gained and lost and gained power again, and bonds were forged and broken. The Crusades had a great impact on the world that will last forever. There were many major social, political, religious and economic changes that occurred during the crusades. But first, a brief history to give backbone to these reasons.
Let's start with the Jews… how were they impacted by the crusades? “The Jews of the city, knowing of the slaughter of their brethren, and that they themselves could not escape the hands of so many, fled in hope of safety to Bishop Rothard.He placed the Jews in the very spacious hall of his own house, away from the sight of Count Emicho and his followers, that they might remain safe and sound in a very secure and strong place.” Says document A 3. “But Emico and the rest of his band held a council and, after sunrise, attacked the Jews in the hall with arrows and lances. Breaking the bolts and doors, they killed the Jews, about seven hundred in number, who in vain resisted the force and attack of so many thousands. They killed the women, also, and with their swords pierced tender children of whatever age and sex. The Jews, seeing that their Christian enemies were attacking them and their children and that they were sparing no age, likewise fell upon one another, brother, children, wives, and sisters, and thus they perished at each other's hands. Horrible to say, mothers cut the
The Crusades were the first tactical mission by Western Christianity in order to recapture the Muslim conquered Holy Lands. Several people have been accredited with the launch of the crusades including Peter the Hermit however it is now understood that this responsibility rested primarily with Pope Urban II . The main goal of the Crusades was the results of an appeal from Alexius II, who had pleaded for Western Volunteers help with the prevention of any further invasions. The Pope’s actions are viewed as him answering the pleas of help of another in need, fulfilling his Christian right. However, from reading the documents it is apparent that Pope Urban had ulterior motives for encouraging engagement in the war against the Turks. The documents and supporting arguments now highlight that the Pope not only sought to recruit soldiers to help but also to challenge those who had harmed the Christians community and annihilate the Muslims. He put forth the idea that failure to recapture this lands would anger God and that by participating, God would redeem them of their previous sins.in a time of deep devoutness, it is clear this would have been a huge enticement for men to engage in the battle. Whether his motives were clear or not to his people, Pope Urban’s speeches claiming that “Deus vult!” (God wills it) encouraged many Christians to participate and take the cross.
The eminent historian Jonathan Riley-Smith defines ‘crusade’ as “holy war fought against those perceived to be the external or internal foes of Christendom for the recovery of Christian property”. This would suggest that the Crusades were primarily an endeavour intended to promote Christian expansionism through the acquisition of both territory and religious converts. However the Crusades can also be interpreted as a means for independent Christian rulers to demonstrate their piety, amass wealth through loot and enhance their prestige; all of which would be beneficial to the rule of their own territories. In addition to this, the Crusades were intended as a defensive measure in
First of all, we can underline how Madden emphasizes the fact that the Crusades were driven by religious reasons: “A crusade army was a curious mix of rich and poor, saints and sinners, motivated by every kind of pious and selfish desire, yet it could not have come into being without the pious idealism that led men to risk all to liberate the lands of Christ” (Madden, 13). The First Crusade occurred after Pope Urban II preached a sermon to liberate Jerusalem and the Holy Land. Madden expresses regrets about what he calls a “mistaken view”, that says that “religion was not an impetus but a diversion” (11). He definitely assumes a point of view that is diffe...
The Crusades were one of the most prominent events in Western European history; they were not discrete and unimportant pilgrimages, but a continuous stream of marching Western armies (Crusaders) into the Muslim world, terminating in the creation and eventually the fall of the Islamic Kingdoms. The Crusades were a Holy War of Roman Christianity against Islam, but was it really a “holy war” or was it Western Europe fighting for more land and power? Through Pope Urban II and the Roman Catholic Church’s actions, their proposed motivations seem unclear, and even unchristian. Prior to the Crusades, Urban encouraged that Western Europe fight for their religion but throughout the crusades the real motivations shone though; the Crusaders were power hungry, land coveting people who fought with non Christian ideals and Morales.
For example, Ekkehard of Aurach wrote of the intentions of European crusaders, saying “The West Franks were easily induced to leave their fields, since France had, during several years, been terribly visited by civil war, now by famine, and again by sickness. Others confessed that they had been induced to pledge themselves by some misfortune.” Overall, this signals that because of the poor conditions, many might wish to escape to do something more enjoyable, like conquering, since in numerous cases that was reserved for those who were specially trained. More, the lack of wealth within European households and families could be remedied if only they could find a source of wealth or land to take from. Indeed, this is supported in a letter coming from a Crusader back to his family.
How could the Christian church, which bases itself off kindness and peace, allow the Crusades to happen? The religion known to be loving of all was the cause of the most catastrophic occurrence in the late eleventh and late thirteenth centuries because of misconceptions and avarice of the pope. Of all of the religious wars fought, this was the one with the highest level of ridiculousness. Members of the church fought for all of the wrong reasons and the outcome was poor because of it. Even though the Crusades were justified by the false philosophies of both parties, they were overall beneficial economically. Before one can analyze the thoughts of the people, he or she must know what came about to make them think like this.
The Crusades were a bloody time period. They were a military campaign by the pope and the Roman Catholic Church to take back Jerusalem from the Muslims. They lasted from the 11th- 13th century. They were catastrophic and left Europe in ruins. Although the Crusades were such a violent period of time, they had a positive impact in history because of their role in the renaissance and exposing the Western world to the Eastern.
The First Crusade from 1095 to 1099 has been seen as a successful crusade. The First Crusaders carefully planned out their attacks to help promote religion throughout the lands. As the First Crusade set the example of what a successful crusade should do, the following crusades failed to maintain control of the Holy Land. Crusades following after the First Crusade weren’t as fortunate with maintaining the Holy Land due united forces of Muslims, lack of organization, and lack of religious focus.
God’s Battalions: The Case for the Crusades by Rodney Stark is well written and extremely interesting. His work is easy to read, yet scholarly in its approach to the Crusades. Every pastor should add this book to his library! In general, the book would be a valuable resource to any Christian who wants to better understand the historical struggle of faith during this important era of history. God’s Battalions is well researched, and contains a critical response to anyone who thinks the Crusades or Crusaders were greedy, anti-Jesus, or barbaric. The Crusades were necessary to defend the Christian faith from Islamic forces bent on making the world its footstool. This book is an essential tool and a reliable resource for understanding the present struggle between Christianity and Islam.
A main cause of the Crusades was the treatment of Christian pilgrims. They were robbed, beaten, and then sold. The main group of Turks, the Seljuk Turks, were threatening and growing in power. The Byzantine Emperor, Alexus I, began to become worried and sent out an urgent plea to Pope Urban II, in Rome. He requested for Christian knights to help him fight the Turks. Pope Urban II did agree to his appeal although Byzantine Emperors and Roman Popes were longtime rivals. He also did agree with Alexus I, in fearing that the Turks were expanding. Pope Urban encouraged French and German Bishops and Nobles to also take part in this. “ An accused race has violently invaded the lands of those Christians and had depopulated them by pillage and fire.” This is when Pope Urban II called for a crusade to free the Holy Land. Urban did agree to this having some of his own motives in mind. He was hoping his power would grow in ...
In order for the crusades to begin, the Christians needed to gather an army to travel and fight the forces of Muslims. With all the power being held by monarchies at this time, the church needed to be cleaver in order to gain troops to put their lives on the line. To gain the support of these warriors and dedication of men, Pope Urban II (1088-1099) challenged those morals of men by telling them to grab their weapons and join the holy war to recover the land of Jerusalem. It was not the challenge that convinced men to take part in this war. The promise of “immediate remission of sins” attracted the men to stand up for their religion and beliefs while at the same time, promising them a trip to heaven when life comes to an end. With this statement, men instantly prepared for battle which in a very short period of time gave the church power which has been held by the monarchies. Men of rich and poor prepared for battle, some wearing ...
The Crusades were great military missions embarked on by the Christian nations of Europe for the purpose of rescuing the Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the hands of the Moslems. The Crusades were considered Holy Wars (1). Their main target was the Moslems not the Jews, although campaigns were also waged against pagan Slavs, Jews, Russian and Greek orthodox Christians, Mongols, Cathars, Hussites, Waldensians Old Prussians, and political enemies of the popes (2). There were many Crusades some more significant than others, but in general the Crusades was an important event in the history of Medieval Europe.