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Nap sleep introduction abstract conclusion
Nap sleep introduction abstract conclusion
Nap sleep introduction abstract conclusion
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In the world of higher education, students at the collegiate level are highly likely to be overwhelmed with course load, in addition to sports and extra-curricular activities (Jacobs & Dodd, 2003). These factors have the potential to lead to various amounts of sleep deprivation, and as the research of Nilsson, Sunderstrom, Karlsson et al. (2004) has shown, sleep deprivation is correlated with higher levels of fatigue, impairments in speed and accuracy as well as limitations in cognitive and physical performances. One way to cope with this fatigue that has shown to have very positive results on people of all ages is taking naps. In addition to reducing sleepiness, Milner & Cote (2008) have determined that “napping may lead to considerable benefits in terms of mood, alertness and cognitive performances”. It is these benefits that nappers seek when engaging in napping activities.
Furthermore, there are clear distinctions in the type of naps that are commonly used. Some people may choose to nap to replace lost sleeping time, which is referred to as “replacement napping”, others may want to prepare for an extended period of wakefulness by napping, which is also known as “prophylactic napping”, and a third motivation to nap is described as appetitive napping, when a person naps for pure enjoyment of falling asleep (Milner & Cote, 2008). These three types of naps could apply to the subject of this particular study, which is a college student. College students are subject the enormous amounts of stress and pressure from parents and teacher to get all their work done, perform in the classroom, obtain good grades, etc… and they form a group that could profit largely from napping.
According to the research of Wong et al. (2008) on the eff...
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...ions outside of the experiment, and other variables such as levels of tiredness and periods of time available to engage in napping.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the moderately enhanced results leads to think that the naps did have positive effects on all three test results, but not to the extend that was hypothesized. Perhaps a more ordered and organized napping and sleep schedule would allow for greater and more significant improvements. A further analysis in the domain of effects of napping on performance, either cognitive or physical, should strive to measure the impact of tightly arranged schedule to allow for naps to occur at relatively the same time everyday, as well as having a similar length, paired with comparable amount of sleep the night prior to engaging in napping. This would allow assessing the true effects of naps on an individual much more effectively.
Sleep deprivation is a common condition that occurs if you don’t get enough sleep. In case of sleep deprivation people have trouble falling and staying asleep for a long period of time. In order to understand how serious sleep deprivation can be, one must need to know causes and consequences of sleep deprivation, how much sleep do we need? What does sleep do for us? And how we can cure sleep deprivation.
Sleep loss and shifting sleep patterns are known to be widespread across college campuses throughout the United States and the world at large. Yet, while many studies exist relating sleep to performance, a much smaller amount of studies focus on the Through analysis of these sources as they would prove useful when researching and writing upon the idea of sleep and its correlation to academic performance it was found that a paper titled “Sleep-Wake Patterns and Academic Performance in University Students”, which was presented to the European Conference on Educational Research, is overall the most useful source represented to research the topic.
Though there are many facets to the subject of sleep, our team has decided to focus on the vital role sleep plays in people’s lives, specifically college students, as well as the numerous methods that can be used to make sleep more effective. Research has consistently proven the importance of a regular sleep schedule. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute promotes this idea, and offers several tips for getting enough sleep while leading a busy life.[1] For instance, it helps to keep the same sleep schedule on weeknights and weekdays. Also, avoiding heavy exercise and artificial bright lights within an hour of going to sleep ensures a more restful sleep. This is especially true for devices like computers and cellphones, the light of which interrupts melatonin production, thus disrupting sleep. Avoiding heavy meals, alcoholic beverages, nicotine, and caffeine within a couple hours of sleeping helps prime the body for a more restful sleep, as well. In fact, the effects of caffeine can last
Sleep deprivation (SD) is a common phenomenon encountered by many individuals with different professions. [3] These professions include healthcare, security and drivers working at night. [1] The average length of sleep that an individual needs is between 7 and 8.5h per day. [quoted in 1] However, this varies between individuals with different age and gender. Pilcher and Huffcutt found that both total and partial SD give adverse effects on human functioning. [2] Researchers have concluded that sleep deprivation affects cognitive performance [1,2], motor performance and mood of an individual. [2]
Another reason that causes the negative relationship between sleep deprivation and academic performance is the impact of high-stress level that is caused by sleep deprivation. As mentioned earlier, sleep deprivation could decrease a student’s critical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, it can also make the students feel more stressful. According to the survey conducted in Ball State campus, there are 15 students that often do their homework before they go to bed. 10 students play video games, computer games, and mobile games before they go to sleep. 8 students use their electronic devices to do social activities. 5 students watch movies and television series and 2 students read books before they go to bed. This information proves
“When the going gets tough, the tough take a nap.” This statement by Tom Hodgkinson perfectly describes the solution to the life of the average American high schooler, who wakes up early, rushes to school, and undergoes several grueling classes, only to later participate in extracurricular activities and return home to complete homework. Due to all these activities, only a vast minority of teenagers obtain the amount of sleep they need in a night; Tom Hodgkinson’s quote proposes a solution to this problem. By instituting naptime in high schools, students could simply nap to refresh themselves when the going gets tough, whether that be an excessive amount of homework, an extremely demanding test, or a sports practice that lasts long into the
NIMH ""Power Nap" Prevents Burnout; Morning Sleep Perfects a Skill." NIMH •. July-Aug. 2002. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. .
Many times people think they can accomplish more if they could eliminate so much sleeping time. However, they are only hurting their productivity if they lose sleep. Two articles deal with the issue of sleep deprivation. The College Student Journal published an article about the grade-point average of college students and sleep length, while U.S. News & World Report produced an article dealing with the lack of
People develop poor sleeping habits simply because they underestimate the importance of sleep. Education plays a huge role in determining an individual’s ideology on whether or not they need sleep. “In the Journal of School Health in 2009, we discovered that students know what to do and how to do it, in regards to getting an adequate amount of sleep. However they still practice risky behaviors. In the study 82% of participants believed that exercising on a daily basis throughout the week would aid sleep, but only 68.4 percent actually exercised regularly.” Similarly 70% of students knew naps aid sleep, but oy 38.6% take naps. From the research it entails that it is not that students don’t know what to do to solve sleep deprivation, but they just do not want to follow through with facing it. Students do not care because other factors such as social life and academic prestige outweigh the value of sleep. If we want a chance to decrease sleep deprivation among students than first we must change the attitude and mentality of the students regarding sleeping habits. Attribution theory and communication theory can be used to demonstrate that if one adolescent can put down their smart phone and social media while still having fun it can cause other adolescents to do the
Naps during the school day can boost students’ productivity, memory and learning. A 2002 Harvard University study demonstrated that workers are more productive
Sleep deprivation is a commonplace occurrence in modern culture. Every day there seems to be twice as much work and half as much time to complete it in. This results in either extended periods of wakefulness or a decrease in sleep over an extended period of time. While some people may like to believe that they can train their bodies to not require as much sleep as they once did this belief is false (1). Sleep is needed to regenerate certain parts of the body, especially the brain, so that it may continue to function optimally. After periods of extended wakefulness or reduced sleep neurons may begin to malfunction, visibly effecting a person's behavior. Some organs, such as muscles, are able to regenerate even when a person is not sleeping so long as they are resting. This could involve lying awake but relaxed within a quite environment. Even though cognitive functions might not seem necessary in this scenario the brain, especially the cerebral cortex, is not able to rest but rather remains semi-alert in a state of "quiet readiness" (2). Certain stages of sleep are needed for the regeneration of neurons within the cerebral cortex while other stages of sleep seem to be used for forming new memories and generating new synaptic connections. The effects of sleep deprivation on behavior have been tested with relation to the presence of activity in different sections of the cerebral cortex.
If all of these important activities occur during sleep, why is it that people are so willing to short themselves of this vital activity? Although much about sleep still remains a mystery, research and experiments continue to show how important sleep is to each and every person. Throughout this paper, I will discuss sleep and the effects that it has on performance and health, especially among college students. A college student’s sleeping pattern is a reliable indicator of their level of performance in the classroom and other school-affiliated activities, as a lack of sleep leads to decreased performance. Sleep is directly related to the level of performance and health of an individual; the more rested a person is, the better that person will perform and feel (Dryer, 2006).
Milner, C. E., Cote, K. A. (2008). Benefits of napping in healthy adults: Impact of nap length, time of day, age, and experience with napping. Journal of Sleep Research, 18(2), 272-281
Important public policy issues have arisen in our modern 24-hour society, where it is crucial to weigh the value of sleep versus wakefulness. Scientific knowledge about sleep is currently insufficient to resolve the political and academic debates raging about how much and when people should sleep. These issues affect almost everybody, from the shift worker to the international traveler, from the physician to the policy maker, from the anthropologist to the student preparing for an exam.
Morita, Y., Ogawa, K., & Uchida, S.(2012). The effect of a daytime 2-hour nap on complex