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Treatment in Japanese internment camps during World War 2
Treatment in Japanese internment camps during World War 2
The geneva convention laws
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Prisoners of War have been captured throughout many wars and they have been treated poorly within prison camps. Prisoners of War (POW) have not been given the resources to which they are entitled. In WWII there were hundreds of prison camps throughout many different countries including Germany, Poland, Japan, Russia and the U.S.. POWs in Japan were used to work in coal mines or shipyards, and they were not given pay and worked very long hours. “This reminded us how ruthless our captors could really be” (brainyquote.com). Japan captured 25,000 military soldiers, the chance of death for a POW in Japan during WWII was 41.6% (lindavdahl.com). Prisoners of War should not be treated very poorly, including being beaten, starved, and physically and/or …show more content…
As soon as a serviceman has been captured by enemy forces, he is legally considered a prisoner of war. During early stages of warfare a captive was entirely in the hands of his captor. The prisoner was usually enslaved or killed by his captor depending on his importance to him. “In Japan alone there were over 160 prison camps in WWII” (history.com). An average prison camp there included 30 or more prisoners inside of the camp. There have been POWs in wars ranging back from the late 1600’s to today’s wars. In the U.S. Civil War there were over 300,000 captured POWs between the Union and …show more content…
In Hillenbrand’s book, Unbroken, Japanese POW camp director Watanabe was exceptionally brutal in his treatment to the prisoners. “Watanabe beat POW’s everyday, fracturing their windpipes, rupturing their eardrums, shattering their teeth, and leaving men unconscious” (Hillenbrand 243). On most Zamperini’s accounts there were clear violations of the Geneva Convention, including Article 26 which is that food and water should be in enough quantity. World War II alone, millions of POWs were captured and millions were killed in the hands of their captors. A prison camp in Changi, Japan men were left unattended to their diseases and injuries. “At Changi, we were hungry and sick, and men began dying, but the Japanese usually left us alone” (historynet.com). Japanese prison camps were known for having brutal and terrifying prison camps where thousands of men were killed. These camps would force the prisoner to do hard manual labor and they were not given the proper nutrients from the rare food that they were given to
During World War II American soldiers who were caught by the Japanese were sent to camps where they were kept under harsh conditions. These men were called the prisoners of war, also known as the POWs. The Japanese who were captured by the American lived a simple life. They were the Japanese internees of World War II. The POWs had more of a harsh time during World War II than the internees. While the internees did physically stay in the camps longer, the POWs had it worse mentally.
In 1942, groups of people were taken from all of the camps and sent to work on the Burma-Thailand Railway. In 1864 the Geneva Convention was formed internationally. The Convention laid down rules concerning the treatment and protection of prisoners during wartime. The Japanese did not follow this Convention as they continuously mistreated many prisoners, including Australian troops/soldiers and civilian prisoners. The Japanese saw the prisoners in camps as people who surrendered, therefore they were considered weak and cowardly because of a belief that the Japanese held that soldiers should die out respect for their emperor and country, known as the Bushido Code.
Thousands of individuals, including women and children, were murdered, stores and other properties were plundered and burned, and countless of women were raped . The Japanese government regarded sex as a way to keep the soldiers obedient and focused so rape was a device used to maintain good, Japanese warriors . Not only did human experimentation occur in German concentration camps, but also in Japanese prison camps. The 731 Unit conducted experiments dealing with plague, cholera, typhoid, frostbite, and gas gangrene . American prisoners of war were treated especially cruel during these human experiments. In one incident, an individual had his skull sliced open while Dr. Fukujiro placed a surgical knife inside of his skull cavity
Solitary Confinement is a type of isolation in prison which a prisoner is segregated from the general population of the prison and any human contact besides the prison employees. These prisons are separated from the general population to protect others and themselves from hurting anyone in the prison. These prisoners are deprived of social interaction, treatments, psychologist, family visits, education, job training, work, religious programming and many other services prisoners might need during the sentence of their imprisonment. There are roughly 80,000 prisoners in solitary confinement but 25,000 are in long term and supermax prisons. According to the Constitution, “The Eighth Amendment [...] prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment”(US Const. amend. VIII). Solitary confinement is suppose to be the last straw for inmates to be in. If they don 't follow it, they can be on death row. Taxpayers pay roughly $75,000 to $85,000 to keep prisoners in solitary confinement. That is 3 times higher than the normal prisons that taxpayers pay for them to be in prison. Solitary confinement was established in 1829 in Philadelphia for experimentation because officials believed it was a way for
middle of paper ... ... Daniels, Roger. A. Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.
In order to understand bushido and its traditions, a comparison must be made between the 'traditional' bushido (idealistic) and the bushido code which was adopted into the Japanese military during World War II. The Japanese justified that the reason they treated the prisoners in a form of such brutality is because it's a part of their way of life, the concept of 'no one surrenders'. However if so surrendered then your life is pretty much hell, and according to the Japanese custom your family back home is brought shame. With the evidence from source material though, it seems that the Australians and very likely other nations in there prison camps understood what was going on around them. Indeed the Japanese breached the Geneva convention but what is it exactly, did the other countries follow it accordingly? The Japanese method of dealing with Allied prisoners was seen through the 'western eyes' as brutality, scum and inhumane. Yet by the same according to source material some Australian soldiers recognized that the Japanese did what they did, and in some cases they exploited the true meaning of bushido or did they?
What exactly is the importance behind having prisoner reentry programs put in place for those that are released from prison? Two-thirds of released prisoners are rearrested within three years of release. One and a half million children have a parent in prison. Four million citizens have lost their right to vote. Men and women enter U.S. prisons with limited marketable work experience, low levels of educational or vocational skills, and many health-related issues, ranging from mental health needs to substance abuse histories and high rates of communicable diseases. When they leave prison, these challenges remain and affect neighborhoods, families, and society at large (Solomon). Prisoner reentry is defined as “All activities and programming
Gresham M. Sykes describes the society of captives from the inmates’ point of view. Sykes acknowledges the fact that his observations are generalizations but he feels that most inmates can agree on feelings of deprivation and frustration. As he sketches the development of physical punishment towards psychological punishment, Sykes follows that both have an enormous effect on the inmate and do not differ greatly in their cruelty.
Living conditions in these camps were absolutely horrible. The amount of people being kept in one space, amongst being unsanitary, was harsh on the body.
The mental inhumanity was so bad that most prisoners thought of suicide and some even committed it. Along with this was the pain and torture the prisoners felt from the physical inhumanity which resulted in deaths of over 50% of the inmates who stayed there. The total effect of both of the camps is shown throughout the inhumanity brought about there. The fact that inhumanity was able to cause the deaths of just about 6,000,000 people shows how easy it is for it to hurt other humans.
Mortality encumbered the prisons effortlessly. Every day is a struggle for food, survival, and sanity. Fear of being led into the gas chambers or lined up for shooting was a constant. Hard labor and inadequate amounts of rest and nutrition took a toll on prisoners. They also endured beatings from members of the SS, or they were forced to watch the killings of others.
“For the first few months the POWs at Changi were allowed to do as they wished with little interference from the Japanese. There was just enough food and medicine provided and, to begin with, the Japanese seemed indifferent to what the POW’s did at Changi. Concerts were organised, quizzes, sporting events etc. The camp was organised into battalions, regiments etc and meticulous military discipline was maintained. In Easter 1942 the attitude of the Japanese had changed. They organised work parties to repair the damaged docks in Singapore and food and medicine became scarce. More pointedly, the Japanese made it clear that they had not signed the Geneva Convention and that they ran the camp as they saw fit.For this reason, 40,000 men from the surrender of Singapore were marched to the northern tip of the island where they were imprisoned at a military base called Selarang, which was near the village of Changi. The British civilian population of Singapore was imprisoned in Changi jail itself, one mile away from Selarang. Eventually, any reference to the area was simply made to Changi.”(1).”The appalling suffering of these POWs was witnessed by British and Commonwealth prisoners held in separate compounds. At Stalag VIIIB alone, in Lamsdorf, eastern Germany, over 40,000 Russians perished. In total, three million Russian POWs died in German
The first aspect to the imprisonment of the Japanese-Americans was their life before coming to the camps. Japanese life was very similar to how the Americans live. They went to school, and played with friends. The life for the Japanese has never been easy. In the year of 1913, California passed a law known as the Alien Land Law which banned “aliens could not receive citizenship” from owning a property but it allowed 3 year leases. These “aliens” were a reference to the Japanese and all Asian immigrants. In 1920, the extended the law and made it so they couldn’t even lease land. 5 years later this law passed in 12 more states. In 1922, the court case Ozawa vs. U.S. had the Supreme Court reestablish that Asian immigrants were not allowed naturalization. 3 years later congress passed an act that stated “aliens were not going to be granted citizenship unless they had served in the U.S. armed forces between April 6,1917- November 1918, been honored, and were permanent residents of the U.S. In October through November of 1941, the state departmen...
Three walls. One toilet seat. Bars made of mild steel and a lock only accessible to men who government calls authority figures. Prison systems are known for three things: to protect the people, to punish the criminal and to rehabilitate the prisoner so that a crime will not be further committed. However, it has been causing ongoing controversy on whether or not it has been stripping away the earned rights of citizens or indeed helping them become “better” for society.
Many of the captured suffered and died of malnutrition and exhaustion. Although German and Japanese forces were allied during the Second World War the conditions in German P.O.W Camps greatly differed from conditions in Japanese P.O.W Camps. For example, in Europe those sent to P.O.W Camps were separated based on their ranking. Whereas in Asia less efforts were made to separate the captives in terms of ranking. One