What is ethical behavior and what is not in regards to gathering information on a target without written consent? The law and ethics of gathering information of a target without consent through means like port scanning are complex. A network scan to gather information can be detected by humans or Intrusion detection systems (IDS), and in most cases is treated as a malicious act, resulting in some sort of cost to the target network. Gathering information by means of port scanning is like ringing the doorbell to see whether someone's at home. The police usually can't do anything about it. They have to wait until a crime is committed. A safe rule is to avoid scanning any network without the explicit permission of its administrators or network …show more content…
district court disputing the legality of gathering information through port scanning. The target believed that port scanning was a crime because they believed that only by port scanning was the hacker able to determine which ports were open and closed on the network they were responsible for. The U.S. district court judge ruled that port scanning was not illegal because it didn’t cause any damage. Although port scanning is not a crime cyber security professionals should always seek to obtain permission before scanning a network. Home users should review their service provider's terms and conditions before port scanning. Most cable companies prohibit port scanning and maintain the right to disconnect customers who perform such acts even when they are performing such activities with permission. Is this clearly defined or are there some gray areas? The legality of gathering information through port scanning is a gray area. Cyber security professionals are not actually breaking in the network or system just performing network interrogation. Even when you have permission, you should consider what the effect of scanning will be on the target network. If it's a heavily used network port scanning should be done at night or during low usage periods. Some scanners have the ability to throttle back the rate they throw packets onto the network so that it doesn't affect the network as much. This will mean your scan will take longer but will be much
Lately,there are many examples about how Computer Misuse Act preventing crime and facilitating a prosecution. Lewis Stephen Martin,21 years old, launched DOS attacks on the websites of Kent Police and universities of Oxford and Cambridge between 29 January and 2 February 2012. The police website and Cambridge University was offline more than an hour and Oxford University was offline aproximately 30 minuts. Giulty plea of unauthorised modification,unautorised access and obtained information without autorization. Sentenced to two years of imprisonment ( Computer Misuse Act 1990, s 1 : Unauthorised accesss, s 3 : Unauthorised modification; s 3A : Making, supplying or obtaining articles for use in offence under section 1 or 3 ).
As the use of the internet leaves a footprint on every location that you travel while using it, IP addresses can also be obtained through a cloning process called ‘spoofing’. When that happens, a person obtains the IP address of a person who is using the internet at a particular time. So when criminal activities are observed and there is an attempt at prosecution, the law enforcement agency may find that its culprit, thought to be in Asia, is actually sitting in a house right beside it. (Walker, Brock, & Stuart,
Key Internet Cases (2002) Significant Internet Jurisdiction Cases. Online at http://www.unc.edu Referecned on November 22nd, 2004
...rveillance will be ethical is if policing agencies are policed. By making sure that these agencies follow strict codes, this will reduce the amount of unethical uses of surveillance technology. Although this would be the most ethical way to handle this issue, I feel that it would be hard to stop all unethical uses of surveillance. The continuous advancements in surveillance technology will continue to make it more difficult to regulate the use of surveillance.
The documentary Rise of the Hackers, focuses on the rising criminal use of hacking and how it is effecting multiple areas of technology. The documentary describes simple and complicated situations concerning hacking, but there still questions that must be answered when it comes to hacking and crime. The main question is in trying to determine why a person would choose to commit computer hacking. There are various theories already present within the criminal justice system that may explain at a micro-level and macro-level. These theories would explain why offenders would commit the crimes, but it may not answer the full scope of the question. The Routine Activities Theory would help to explain why offenders offend, why victims are victimized,
Technology has opened new encounters and opportunities for the criminal justice system. There are so many new practices of criminal activity, such as computer crimes. There are different types of computer crimes that many people become victims of every day. Computer crime is any crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target ("Computer Crime: Chapter 2: What Are the Crimes?", n.d.). Crimes such as data diddling, pump and dump, social engineering and spoofing are computer crimes. Even though these crimes are difficult by privacy issues, the new technology has made investigations and prosecutions well organized and effective. Though views are different on the pros and cons of specific technological changes in the criminal justice system, there is an agreement the system has changed affectedly ("Effects of Technology in Criminal Justice | eHow", n.d.).
It is important to clearly establish what we are analyzing and how we are analyzing it. What is espionage? The Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2014) defines espionage as things that are done to find out secrets from enemies or competitors, the activity of spying. Ethical is defined as involving questions of right and wrong behavior, conforming to accepted standards of conduct. The United States has not followed accepted standards of conduct in regards to its domestic and international surveillance techniques.
At the Aim Higher College there have been recently discovered malware on the campus systems that are due to many recent attacks. I used an Anti-virus protection software called AVG on the computer systems on campus and ran a whole computer scan. The results came back very quick of numbers of malware being high and medium priorities that these should not be taken lightly. Furthermore, the scan found many viruses, Trojans, and malicious software and applications.
The use of computers in homes, schools, offices, and other places has increased in the past few years due to technological developments. As computers have become important components of modern communication, their increased use has also led to the emergence of computer crimes. Computer crimes basically involve the use of a computer system to carry out an illegal activity. In attempts to lessen the frequency and impact of computer crimes, law enforcement agencies use computer forensic to investigate these offenses. Actually, computer crimes are governed by specific laws and dealt with through conducting a computer forensic investigation (Easttom & Taylor, 2011, p.337). Notably, a computer forensic investigation is usually carried out through the use of computer forensic tools, which help in collection of evidence based on the specific offense.
The intent of this paper is to perform an analysis of the cable industry's external environment. The first sections of the document will discuss environmental scanning and define the telecommunication niche that is currently occupied by cable operators such as Comcast. The next section will identify the macroeconomic variables that currently impact cable operators and will compare two variables to two corresponding industry variables. The final section of the paper will identify some of the challenges and opportunities facing the industry. An external analysis of the industry will provide a clear picture of the environment as well as any opportunities and threats faced by Comcast. By understanding the environment, opportunities and threats a company has the ability to create strategies to support its business goals. The primary process by which Comcast will gain an understanding of its external environment is environmental scanning.
Computer hackers in today's world are becoming more intelligent. They are realizing that people are constantly developing more hack-proof systems. This presents the hackers with a bigger challenge and a bigger thrill. The government is realizing this and is working on making harsher laws to, hopefully, scare the potential hackers. With the increase in hacking and hacker intelligence, governmental regulation of cyberspace hasn't abolished the fact that it's nearly impossible to bring a hacker to justice.
Hacking is strongly unjustified by individuals due to it being illegal activity. Laws relating to computer hacking vary depending on every region. However, there is a predominance of hacking being illegal in a majority of countries. Broadly speaking, it is illegal to hack into computer systems and networks since it involves accessing information with authorisation. This is a form of invasion of privacy and data breach, automatically making the activity unlawful. From ‘Computer Crime: American Hacking, federal police’, it is stated that computer intrusion, unauthorised modification and destruction of data comes with penalties under the state law. These range from class B misdemeanour (a fine) to class B felony (five years in prison). This validates that in most cases, due to the trespassing of computers and networks and data rupture, hacking is strongly considered as unvirtuous due to it being illegal
An ethical hacker is usually employed by an organization who trusts him or her to attempt to penetrate networks and/or computer systems, using the same methods as a hacker, for the purpose of finding and fixing computer security vulnerabilities. Unauthorized hacking (i.e., gaining access to computer systems without prior authorization from the owner) is a crime in most countries, but penetration testing done by request of the owner of the victim system(s) or network(s) is not.
Computer crime or Cyber Crime is defined as any type of crime that involves or regards a computer or computer network. Cyber Crime mainly means that the computer may be used as a tool in the commission of the crime or the computer may be the main target of the criminal’s crime. The rapid growth of technology and gadgets as well as the further de...
Harmful usage of a sniffer is catching password and also capturing special and private information of transactions, like username, credit ID, account, and password, recording sending of email or messages and resuming the information, Some Sniffers have the ability to modify the computer's information also to the extent of even damaging the system. Weakening the security of a network even being successful in gaining higher level authority. With everyday more and different hackers using of packet sniffers, it has become one of the most important tool in the defence of cyber-attacks and cyber-crime. Writted by (2001 – 2014) Colasoft LLC