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Climate change impacts on agriculture
Difference between organic and conventional farming
Literature review of comparative benefits of conventional and organic farming
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Recommended: Climate change impacts on agriculture
Based on the study of Paarlberg (2006), the problem of food crisis in Africa is growing worse. Their crop yields tend to be much lower per hectare than in other countries like Asia due to military conflicts which displacing farming populations and interrupt production and health problems affected the reduction of further availability of agricultural labour (Paarlberg, 2006). Besides food crisis, many problems and pollutions are caused by agriculture such as pollute rivers, lakes and water courses with artificial fertilizers and herbicides that easily washed from the soil and prolonged use of these results in soils with a low organic matter content which is easily eroded by wind and rain. Moreover, the greater amounts of fertilizers are needed every year for same production of yield crops. In addition, the usage of artificial pesticides and chemical can cause human having health problem and soil with poor structure and aeration and also the nutrient availability will decreasing. Hence, more and more pests and disease become difficult to control as they become resistant to artificial pesticides (HDRA – the organic organistion, 1998).
Azadi and Ho (2010) highlighted that the productivity in different fields includes agriculture can be improved by developing their technological strategies. Living modified organisms (LMO) or known as genetically modified (GM) is one new technical method that can be used to develop new crop varieties through genetic engineering technique which will provide potential contributions to sustainable agricultural productivity and also new inputs for resource-poor and small scale farmers. According to Kruff (2001), GM seeds defined as seeds that have been modified to contain specific characteristics such as he...
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...M. (2012). β-Carotene in golden rice is as good as β-Carotene in oil at providing vitamin A to children.The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 96, 958-964.
The Science of Golden Rice. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2014 from http://www.goldenrice.org/Content2-How/how1_sci.php.
United States Department of Agriculture. (1980). Report and recommendations on organic farming. Retrieved from http://afsic.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/USDAOrgFarmRpt.pdf.
University of Colorado. (n.d.). Genetically modified organisms (GMO). Retrieved by March 1, 2014 from http://www.colorado.edu/chemistry/bioinfo/GeneticallyModifiesOrganisms.htm.
Verhoog, H. (2007). Organic agriculture versus genetic engineering. NJAS, 54(4), 387-400.
Viljoen, C. D. (2005). Detection of living modified organisms (LMOs) and the need for capacity building. Asian Biotechnology and Development Review, 7(3), 55-69.
A GMO is a plant or animal that has been genetically engineered with DNA from bacteria, viruses, or other plants and animals. Most of the combinations which are used could not possibly occur in nature on its own. The intention of the process is to create a new beneficial trait such as creating its own pesticide or make it immune to herbicides. This would allow the crop such as Bt co...
6. "Organic Farming." US Environmental Protection Agency. 29 July 2009. Web. 15 Feb. 2011. .
Organic refers to the way agricultural products, food and fiber, are grown and processed. “It is an ecological system that at its core relies on a healthy rich soil to produce strong plants that resist pests and diseases. Organic farming prohibits the use of toxic and persistent chemicals in favor of more “earth-friendly” practices that work in harmony with nature. In the case of livestock, antibiotics are prohibited, opting instead for preventative measures for keeping animals healthy and productive. Organic production also prohibits the use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s).” (Ameriorganic) To find organic products one must only look for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) seal. The seal certifies the product must be 95%
GM seeds are considered revolution in the agriculture industry for some reasons. First and foremost, GM seeds can grow crops regardless of hostile conditions, which help farmers increase revenues. Besides, as a result of population growth across the global, the demand for food continuously increases. Biotech products provided by the Monsanto Company will be the best solution for this phenomenon. Especially in populous countries like India, biotech crops allow farmers both save lands and double their harvest.
Rotman, David. "WHY WILL GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS." Technology Review. 01 Jan. 2014: 27. eLibrary. Web. 25 Feb. 2014.
The term GM foods or GMO (genetically-modified organisms) is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques (Whitman, 2000). These plants have been modified in the laboratory to offer desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content. Also, genetic engineering techniques have been applied to create plants with the exact desired trait very rapidly and accurately. For example, this is done by the geneticist isolating the gene responsible for drought tolerance and inserts it into another plant. The new genetically-modified plant will now have gained drought tolerance as well.
GM crops also benefit the economy and assist in feeding more people. While we struggle with feeding our population, “The population will continue to grow” (Calandrelli 1) For instance, genetic engineering in agriculture can minimize the cost of producing food. Thus, GMO’s in crops can result ...
Organic foods have become more and more popular over the years, and consumers may or may not be knowledgeable when shopping for organic and/or conventional foods. This report will help define the difference between organic and conventional foods and farming, including the health benefits and risks. The demand for organic foods will also be discussed briefly. The purpose of this research is to describe and identify the advantages and issues that are involved with organic and inorganic foods.
Webber, G. D. Regulation of Genetically Engineered Organisms and Products. Office of Biotechnology | Iowa State University Office of Biotechnology. Retrieved September 22, 2013, from http://www.biotech.iastate.edu/biotech_info_series/bio11.html - anchor96278
We live in a world that is constantly changing and advancing thanks to technological advancements, especially in the field of molecular genetics. Today, we are discovering and implementing new ways to overcome the ill-fated symptoms developed as a result from poor health or accidents. We are also making advancements in the field of agriculture thanks to molecular genetics. As we all know, food is an essential entity in our lives and is abundant as well as relatively easy to obtain here in the United States. However, as good as it may sound, this is not necessarily true for developing countries. Many people in developing countries receive very little food, if any, due to its scarcity. It is estimated that in Asia alone, close to 800 million people go to bed hungry every night due to food shortage. This problem can be alleviated by turning to the production of genetically modified organisms (a.k.a. GMOs).
n.d. 10 April 2014. Monsanto. The. Organic and Conventional Farming. n.d. 10 April 2014. Qaim, Matin.
U.S. Department of Energy Genome Projects. (2008). Genetically modified foods and organisms. Retrieved from http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/gmfood.shtml
What is genetic modification (GM)? (2011, October 14). Retrieved May 29, 2014, from CSIRO: http://www.csiro.au/Outcomes/Food-and-Agriculture/WhatIsGM.aspx
Organic agriculture is the oldest form of agriculture on our planet. Until post World War II, farming without harmful petroleum based sources was the only way of farming. There were no hazardous fertilizers and pesticides made from petroleum based products. During World War II many agricultural technologies were created. For example, ammonium used for munitions during World War II evolved into nitrate fertilizer and organophosphate production led to the creation of strong insecticides. These technical advances have resulted in economic gains at the cost of severe environmental and social consequences.
After almost a century of neglect, organic farming is now finding place in the mainstream of development and shows great promise commercially, socially and environmentally. While there is continuum of thought from earlier days to the present, the modern organic movement is radically different from its original form. It now has environmental sustainability and productivity at its core, in addition to the founders concerns for healthy soil, healthy food and healthy people. Based on the technique of organic farming, it utilizes organic wastes such as the remains of plants, animals as well as farm wastes and aquatic wastes; including other biological materials, mostly produced insitu along with beneficial microbes (biofertilizers) to release nutrients to crops, which connotes the ‘organic’ nature of organic farming. For clarity purposes, Organic Farming (OF) is different from Certified Organic Farming (COF). While OF employs the understanding and knowledge of naturally occurring process through the relationship with the environment, COF includes the checks and balances to maintain soil fertility and the control of insect, pest and diseases based on commercial quality control and marketing mechanism (NHM, 2015). Within the philosophy of organic farming, all aspects of farming system are interlinked with each other and rely on each other through organic management. This is obvious from the web relationship explained thus: A healthy biologically active soil is the source of crop nutrition, on-farm biodiversity controls pests, crop rotation and multiple cropping maintains the system’s health and on-farm resource management with integration of animal husbandry ensure