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To what extent was germany responsible for ww1
To what extent was germany responsible for ww1
To what extent was germany responsible for ww1
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“The Price of Glory: Verdun 1916” is based on the true events of the Battle of Verdun, during WW1. From the French or German viewpoint, Verdun could have been the crucible in which the French army perished. The battle’s origin goes back to the war of 1870 when a German victory humiliated the French army to the point where they couldn’t bare a single memory of it. With this in mind the French had made the strategy of Grandmaison; imposing its will upon the enemy with catastrophic consequences. French casualties were enormous, but it seemed that little had been learned by the French HQ when Falkenhayn was made Chief of the German General Staff having surpassed many senior generals. However he had the ear of the Kaiser, and that was enough for Falkenhayn to convince him that he could bleed the French forces to death by attacking certain places that the French would be compelled to defend. Verdun, however, was the place the French would not give up whatever the cost and so it proved. The Kaiser agreed with Falkenhayn's plans and the scene was set for the great tragedy of Verdun. Based on the thought of heavy guns blasting a gap in French defences, 1200 guns were massed for the attack …show more content…
on an 8-mile front. On the morning of the 21st February, a huge artillery barrage opened up on the French positions, and it continued for hours.
Whole battalions disappeared under the bombardment. And one by one, vital positions were taken by the Germans. One section consisted of a rectangle 500 by 1000 yards, and was estimated that 80,000 heavy shells had fallen. The woods disappeared and the landscape became unrecognizable, flattened by the massive bombardment. French troops were paralyzed by its intensity. This was to follow in the days ahead with bombardments and attacks by German infantry against isolated groups of French soldiers. Finally, came the ultimate humiliation for the French when Fort Douaumont fell to the Germans in strange circumstances. Eventually, General Petain was called to save
Verdun. The French continued to suffer, and one by one forts and strongholds were lost to the enemy. It became difficult to get food and water to troops, as wagons and barrels started being destroyed by German artillery. By June, morale was beginning to crumble and units were refusing to return to the trenches. However the French continued to resist despite the fall of its strong points, Fort Vaux was captured, and Fort Souville was threatened on June 23rd when the Germans used gas during their attack. If Souville fell, the way into Verdun was open. The Germans, however, were suffering as well. The French had gained air control, and the Germans were becoming short of infantry. The French however resisted and the attack failed. The battle for Verdun was over, although it wasn’t recognized at the time. The Germans made one last attack on July, which also failed. Both sides were now exhausted by their efforts and the casualties on both sides were horrific. The French had lost 275,000 men and 6563 officers. On the German side close to 250,000 men. The Germans had fired almost 22 million rounds and the French nearly 15 million. Alistair Horne describes this battle in a way of pure sincerity, and the battle of Verdun is remembered as one of the longest and bloodiest battles of the great war.
Before the landings were to begin, the coastal German defenses had to be adequately prepped, and softened by a combination of a massive battering by United States ships, and bombing by the United States Air Force. Between the hours of 0300 and 0500 hours on the morning of June 6, over 1,000 aircraft dropped more than 5,000 tons of bombs on the German coastal defenses. As soon as the preliminary bombing was over, the American and British naval guns opened fire on the Normandy coastline (D' Este 112). A British naval officer described the incredible spectacle he witnessed that day: "Never has any coast suffered what a tortured strip of French coast suffered that morning; both the naval and air bombardments were unparalleled. Along the fifty-mile front the land was rocked by successive explosions as the shells of ships' guns tore holes in fortifications and tons of bombs rained on them from the skies. Through billowing smoke and falling debris defenders crouching in this scene of devastations would soon discern faintly hundreds of ships and assault craft ominously closing the shore.
Imagine being in an ongoing battle where friends and others are dying. All that is heard are bullets being shot, it smells like gas is near, and hearts race as the times goes by. This is similar to what war is like. In the novel All Quiet on the Western Front, the narrator, Paul Baumer, and his friends encounter the ideals of suffering, death, pain, and despair. There is a huge change in these men; at the beginning of the novel they are enthusiastic about going into the war. After they see what war is really like, they do not feel the same way about it. During the war the men experience many feelings especially the loss of loved ones. These feelings are shown through their first experience at training camp, during the actual battles, and in the hospital.
The First Battle of Ypres, 1914. Strategically located along the roads leading to the Channel ports in. Belgian Flanders, the Belgian city of Ypres is the scene of. numerous battles since the sixteenth century.
Roger Chickering, a prominent Historian at Georgetown University in the United States of America, argues that total war is “distinguished by its unprecedented intensity and extent. Theatres of operations span the globe; the scale of battle is practically limitless… Total war requires the mobilization not only of armed forces but also of whole populations. The most crucial determinant of total war is the widespread, indiscriminate, and deliberate inclusion of civilians as legitimate military targets " , moreover Chickering reasons that total war “directs attention to techniques of modern warfare at every level of combat” and that “The wholesale involvement of civilians in war, as active participants and as victims, is one of the most significant hallmarks of total war” . Chickering’s comprehensive definition lays a foundation to show how the French did indeed fight a total war during 1914-1918. The French military effort throughout the First World War is an illustration of total war: the development in military hardware, for example the development of air power from reconnaissance aircraft to bombers; the mass mobilization and the mass produced warfare that created a vast amount of casualties suffered in battles such as Verdun, all demonstrate one hallmark of total war in the French Republic. Additionally, the French home front, which facilitated the war economy, further validates the argument that the French did fight a total war between 1914-1918. For example, the Dalbiez law of June 1915 exemplifies that the French did not solely fight the war on the battlefield, like previous wars, such as the Franco-Prussian war, showing its extensity, concentrating on both industrial mobilization and the military. Moreover, Government polic...
Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front is a novel that takes you through the life of a soldier in World War I. Remarque is accurately able to portray the episodes soldiers go through. All Quiet on the Western Front shows the change in attitudes of the men before and during the war. This novel is able to show the great change war has evolved to be. From lining your men up and charging in the eighteenth century, to digging and “living” in the trenches with rapid-fire machine guns, bombs, and flame-throwers being exposed in your trench a short five meters away. Remarque makes one actually feel the fun and then the tragedy of warfare. At the beginning of the novel Remarque gives you nationalist feelings through pride of Paul and the rest of the boys. However at the end of the war Remarque shows how pointless war really is. This is felt when everyone starts to die as the war progresses.
In the book All Quiet on the Western Front, author Erich Maria Remarque reveals a dimmer sense of the cost of war. The main character in the book, German soldier, Paul Baumer, embodies the cost of war before he reaches his ultimate fate. The tactics and weapons used in World War 1 were more advanced compared to the past as a result of the industrial revolution. Germany was forced to fight a two-front war and this intensified the losses suffered by soldiers like Paul and the other men in the Second Company (Gomez 2016, German Strategy for a Two-Front War – Modern Weapons: War and the Industrial Revolution). Remarque’s observations that he shares with readers are not to World War 1 because it portrayed not only the physical but mental consequences of combat. Regardless of what era of war soldiers were involved in they were the ones who paid the price for facing so much death.
time he plans on going home and visiting his family. When he arrives his mother asks
Throughout their lives, people must deal with the horrific and violent side of humanity. The side of humanity is shown through the act of war. This is shown in Erich Remarque’s novel, “All Quiet on the Western Front”. War is by far the most horrible thing that the human race has to go through. The participants in the war suffer irreversible damage by the atrocities they witness and the things they go through.
The First World War, also known as the Great War, began in about 1914 and went on until 1918. This brutal war was an extremely bloody time for Europe and the soldiers that fought in it. These men spent their days in trenches holding down bases and taking in attacks from all sides. The soldier's only free time was consumed with writing letters to those on the home front. The letters they wrote contain heart breaking stories of how their days were spent and the terrible signs of war. The War consumed them and many of them let out all their true feelings of war in their letters to loved ones. In The First World War: A brief History With Documents we can find some of these letters that help us understand what the First World War might have been like for these young and desperate soldiers.
Valour was of many importance to the Germans in the field of battle. When battles were
Throughout the years we have heard stories of the Meuse Argonne Offense and all the casualties it created, but it has never been specific facts of the events that happen. There were approximate 600,000 troops for the offense. That is without counting the artillery part which it was an extra 3,980 personnel. This was part of the movement towards the offense that was implemented by General Pershing. Meanwhile they were in route and arrive to the offense General Pershing was not counting in the weather, which it started raining and the soldiers walked the route implemented which it was about 60 miles of mud that did not help the movement to Meuse Argonne and made them an easier target because of their limited mobility and their lack of knowledge of the area (Clodfelter, 2007). The York battalion joins the battle to help with General Pershing’s plan. The Argonne was a valley flanked by thick forest to one side and the Meuse River on the other. This terrain provided an excellent defensive position for five divisions from General Pershing. Flush with victory, Pershing's objectives for the first day of the attack were extremely optimistic and called for his men to break through two major defensive lines dubbed Giselher and Kreimhilde by the Germans. In addition, American forces were hampered by the fact that the majority of the soldiers that were about to participate in the battle had not yet seen combat.
After heavy defeats in Normandy in July and August 1944, the remnants of the German troops were retreating from France through Benelux to German borders. In German lines was spreading desertion. Units disintegrated in the fight were escaping in all direction from the front back to Germany. Fast progressing of western Allies caused difficulties in supply, as the fighting was getting away from beaches. The whole Allied troops were supplied through the Normandy beaches and harbor Cherbourg. The Germans knew about the Allies problems and tried to keep ports as long as possible. The Allied Forces had trouble delivering supplies from the port to the advancing troops; they were progressing faster than the supplies could be delivered. They created so called “Red Ball Express” -supply system supported by 5,900 trucks. However, its mistake was that it consumed a lot of fuel.
All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Remarque, is a classic anti-war novel about the personal struggles and experiences encountered by a group of young German soldiers as they fight to survive the horrors of World War One. Remarque demonstrates, through the eyes of Paul Baumer, a young German soldier, how the war destroyed an entire generation of men by making them incapable of reintegrating into society because they could no longer relate to older generations, only to fellow soldiers.
Hart, Peter. The Great War: A Combat History of the First World War. New York: Oxford University press, 2013. Print.
The poem I have chosen to analysis and do a close reading on is Easter, 1916 by William Butler Yeats. The reason behind my choosing of this poem is due to my deep love of history. I think I chose this poem to look into because I am not very good at understanding poetry but I like the fact that I can understand what the poem is based off of and in return get more out of the poem and that William Yeats connects on a personal level with a piece of history. My close reading on this poem lead to making the argument that this poem lead to a change in the form of an occasional poem to a poem more about a part of his life by taking the historical event and making it personal and provide a deeper meaning for the writer while also providing a richer