Daniel J. Vitkus argues the power struggle between McMurphy and the ‘Big Nurse’ (Nurse Ratched) is a ‘sexual battle’ of masculinity versus femininity, each thriving for power over the other. The Nurse asserts the ‘sexual battle’ by castrating the patients who resist her authority. Hence, the women on ward are labelled ‘ball-cutters’ emasculating the patients of their manhood and their natural superiority which was assumed during the 1960s. Thus, McMurphy triumphs in attaining sexual freedom for the patients by smashing Ratched’s glass station which is a symbol of physical rebellion but more significantly by ‘grabb[ing] her… and ripp[ing] her uniform all the way down the front’ exposing her breast. The animalistic nature of McMurphy’s attack …show more content…
reduces Ratched to a female body defenceless in the face of male domination, which returns the patients masculinity and freedom from the combine and fog. Vitkus rightfully emphasises that ‘the ward is an accurate replica of ‘the outside world’ What is wrong with the ward and the Big Nurse is also wrong with the world outside’ The resistance from the male patients mirrors the Women’s Liberation Movement of the decade, which was ‘petitioning for equal opportunities and rewards for women’ campaigning for the freedom of the female from the domestic sphere.
Similarly, the patients led by McMurphy fight for the freedom of their masculinity. Harding’s remark that the patients are ‘victims of matriarchy’ depicts that the Nurse’s absolute control over the men is humiliating to their masculinity since it reduces them to sexless beings threatening their dominance over women which was deemed necessary for a man’s masculinity in the patriarchal society of the …show more content…
1960s. On the contrary, the gender battle in ‘Enduring Love’ is between men and is portrayed less threatening than the female versus male power struggle in Kesey and Plath’s texts.
Clarissa undermines the extent of the threat Jed poses humouring ‘A secret gay love affair with a jesus freak! I can’t wait to tell your science friends.’ She ironically attacks science and rationality that form the basis of Joe’s understanding which highlights her mockery of Joe’s fear. From an equality feminist perspective the sarcastic tone of ‘secret gay love affair’ dismisses homosexuality as a phase rather than a sexual orientation that bears the same consequences in relationships. This partly arises from the fact that sufferers of De Clerambault are often female and such delusion and obsession is stereotypically associated with women rather than men. McEwan is perhaps commenting on the existing homophobia in the 1990s with gay rights and Aids campaigns gaining prominence which combated the stigma around homosexuality and HIV wherein gay men were labelled ‘authors of their own misfortune.’ The campaigns aimed to address the discrimination and lack of rights faced by gays and Aids sufferers. Therefore Joe’s lack of support from Clarissa and the police mirrors the attitude in 1997 that homosexuality posed the least threat to society, portraying the stigma surrounding gender roles during the decade. In this respect, Jed’s power is undermined because he is a man rather than a
female. Plath’s ‘The Bee Meeting’ explores the battle between the Queen Bee and the ‘virgins’ in a struggle for power that mirrors Ratched’s authority. Likewise McMurphy and the patients, the ‘virgins’ are ‘hunting the queen’ in a bid to usurp her position of power. The animalistic language of ‘hunting’ complements the brutal and vicious manner that dictates resisting authority; the fragmented form of the poem mimics the power battle between the ‘virgins’ and the ‘queen’. The irregular stanzas give the notion of power going back and forth between them. This highlights the domineering and brutal nature of the female power struggle. McEwan’s portrayal of a one gender power struggle is presented as a ‘sexual battle’ which culminates in Joe shooting Jed with a ‘gun’ alluding that ‘as soon as I took out the gun, I would be giving Parry permission to kill.’ The notion of ‘permission’ seals Joe’s fate of subservience to the power of the ‘purpose’ that Christ has set him, which is omnipotent and difficult to resist. Although from a psychoanalytical perspective the phallic symbol of the ‘gun’ represents Joe suppressed sexual desires for Jed wherein he gives ‘permission’ and acceptance for his desires rather than resisting Jed’s sexual power.
In One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest, role reversal puts a woman, Nurse Ratched, in control of the ward, which is important in creating a contrast to traditional power. Within the ward Ratched has ultimate power by “merely [insinuating]” (p. 63) a wrongdoing and has control of the doctors. Soon after the first confrontation with Randle McMurphy (Mack), her power is demonstrated through the submissive and obedient manners of all there (152). Ratched is shown as having great power within the ward and outside, despite that time periods constriction of being a women, showing an important contrast to traditional power structures.
He continued to show the patients that the nurses were not in power in fact had little power over him. Inspired patients occurred once again he had inspired them with is lack of surrender to the wards system. With this situation in play this brought up McMurphy picking the needs of patients to motivate his own plan of
From the moment McMurphy enters the ward it is clear to all that he is different and hard to control. He’s seen as a figure the rest of the patients can look up to and he raises their hopes in taking back power from the big nurse. The other patients identify McMurphy as a leader when he first stands up to the nurse at her group therapy, saying that she has manipulated them all to become “a bunch of chickens at a pecking party”(Kesey 55). He tells the patients that they do not have to listen to Nurse Ratched and he confronts her tactics and motives. The patients see him as a leader at this point, but McMurphy does not see the need for him to be leading alone. McMurphy is a strong willed and opinionated man, so when he arrives at the ward he fails to comprehend why the men live in fear, until Harding explains it to him by
In the story, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey, patients live locked up in a restricted domain, everyday taking orders from the dictator, Nurse Ratched. Once McMurphy enters this asylum, he starts to rally everyone up and acting like this hospital is a competitive game between him and Nurse Ratched. McMurphy promotes negative behavior, such as, gambling and going against the rules, to mess around with the nurses and so he can be the leader that everyone looks up to. McMurphy soon learns that he might not be in control after all. Nurse Ratched decides who will be let out and when. After realizing why no one has stood up to Nurse Ratched before, he starts to follow rules and obey the nurses. This changes the whole mood of the hospital,
Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest explores the dysfunctions and struggles of life for the patients in a matriarch ruled mental hospital. As told by a schizophrenic Native American named Chief Bromden, the novel focuses primarily on Randle McMurphy, a boisterous new patient introduced into the ward, and his constant war with the Big Nurse Ratched, the emasculating authoritarian ruler of the ward. Constricted by the austere ward policy and the callous Big Nurse, the patients are intimidated into passivity. Feeling less like patients and more like inmates of a prison, the men surrender themselves to a life of submissiveness-- until McMurphy arrives. With his defiant, fearless and humorous presence, he instills a certain sense of rebellion within all of the other patients. Before long, McMurphy has the majority of the Acutes on the ward following him and looking to him as though he is a hero. His reputation quickly escalates into something Christ-like as he challenges the nurse repeatedly, showing the other men through his battle and his humor that one must never be afraid to go against an authority that favors conformity and efficiency over individual people and their needs. McMurphy’s ruthless behavior and seemingly unwavering will to protest ward policy and exhaust Nurse Ratched’s placidity not only serves to inspire other characters in the novel, but also brings the Kesey’s central theme into focus: the struggle of the individual against the manipulation of authoritarian conformists. The asylum itself is but a microcosm of society in 1950’s America, therefore the patients represent the individuals within a conformist nation and the Big Nurse is a symbol of the authority and the force of the Combine she represents--all...
In Ken Kesey’s novel, “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest”, he engages the reader with Nurse Ratched’s obsession with power, especially against McMurphy. When Nurse Ratched faces multiple altercations with McMurphy, she believes that her significant power is in jeopardy. This commences a battle for power in the ward between these characters. One assumes that the Nurses’ meticulous tendency in the ward is for the benefit of the patients. However, this is simply not the case. The manipulative nurse is unfamiliar with losing control of the ward. Moreover, she is rabid when it comes to sharing her power with anyone, especially McMurphy. Nurse Ratched is overly ambitious when it comes to being in charge, leaving the reader with a poor impression of
Once McMurphy attacks the nurse and exposes her breasts and thus her sexuality – which she has always tr...
The Big Nurse thrives from the power she holds over the men in the ward. When her power, the thing she values the most, is challenged, she cannot function properly. This not only affects her regular behavior, but the order that the ward is run with too. Chief Bromden comments that “all the machinery is quiet,” indicating the lack of force the nurse is exerting on the patients. This is to say, she isn’t able to influence the patients once her superiority is put to the test by McMurphy. Even the fog, which drugs the men into following her commands, seems to not be functioning. I predict that the Big Nurse is insecure about her practices, and pretends to be so cold and fearless, when in reality, she isn’t so fierce. The nurse can be compared to
She determines when they take their medication and even tells them when they are able to bathe. Nurse Ratched takes control by taking away a man’s masculinity and making them feel small when they are there. She tells the patients that they aren’t real men and she treats them like they are children. The article “Fixing Men: Castration, Impotence, and Masculinity is Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest,” by Michael Meloy states, “Nurse Ratched—a sterile, distant, and oppressive feminine force who psychologically castrates the male patients” (3). Nurse Ratched is able to dominate every man in the ward because they are all afraid she will shame them and break them down in front of the other men on the ward and take away their character. Meloy proves this by explaining, “That to castrate a male is to take away the very essence of his being, or his ‘spirit’” (4). The men on the ward are afraid of what she might do or say to them if they go against
In the novel, Kesey suggests that a healthy expression of sexuality is a key component of sanity and that repression of sexuality leads directly to insanity. For example; by treating him like an infant and not allowing him to develop sexually, Billy Bibbet's mother causes him to lose his sanity. Missing from the halls of the mental hospital are healthy, natural expression of sexuality between two people. Perverted sexual expressions are said to take place in the ward; for example; Bromden describes the aides as "black boys in white suites committing sex acts in the hall" (p.9). The aides engage in illicit "sex acts" that nobody witnesses, and on several occasions it is suggested that they rape the patients, such as Taber. Nurse Ratched implicitly permits this to happen, symbolized by the jar of Vaseline she leaves the aides. This shows how she condones the sexual violation of the patients, because she gains control from their oppression. McMurphy's sanity is symbolized by his bold and open insertion of sexuality which gives him great confidence and individuality. This stands in contrast to what Kesey implies, ironically and tragically, represents the institution.
The dominant discourse of conformity is characterised predominantly by influencing to obey rules described by Kesey’ novel ‘One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest’. At the start of the novel, all the acute and the silence chronic conform to Nurse Ratched’s rules before the arrival of McMurphy. Since, she was in complete control over the ward until McMurphy arrived. After he arrived, he begins to take control of the patients. He begins to take the role of leader, a leader that was unexpected. Kesey has foregrounded the character, McMurphy to be different thus creating a binary opposite that is represented in the novel. Kesey shows the binary opposites as being good versus evil. The former represents the con man McMurphy, and the latter represents the head nurse, Nurse Ratched. An example of this would be, “She’s carrying her wicker bag…a bag shape of a tool box with a hemp handle…” (pg.4), showing that Nurse Ratched is a mechanic. McMurphy is portrayed as being a good character by revitalising the hope of the patients by strangling Nurse Ratched. This revitalise the hope for the pa...
McMurphy is an individual who is challenging and rebelling against the system's rules and practices. He eventually teaches this practice of rebellion to the other patients who begin to realize that their lives are being controlled unfairly by the mental institution. When McMurphy first arrives at the institution, all of the other patients are afraid to express their thoughts to the Big Nurse. They are afraid to exercise their thoughts freely, and they believe that the Big Nurse will punish them if they question her authority. One patient, Harding, says, "All of us in here are rabbits of varying ages and degrees...We need a good strong wolf like the nurse to teach us our place" (Kesey 62).
Throughout the novel, women tend to be in control. “We are victims of a matriarchy here, my friend” Harding said. Harding tells McMurphy how the doctor is as helpless against anything as they are. He cannot fire or hire people or decide who gets to leave or stay. That decision is for the supervisor and she’s a woman, a good friend of Nurse Ratched, making the Big Nurse do anything she wants with them without the fear of losing her job. She uses rules she calls ‘ward policy’ to keep the patients in check. From listening to the same loud music
While McMurphy tries to bring about equality between the patients and head nurse, she holds onto her self-proclaimed right to exact power over her charges because of her money, education, and, ultimately, sanity. The patients represent the working-class by providing Ratched, the manufacturer, with the “products” from which she profits—their deranged minds. The patients can even be viewed as products themselves after shock therapy treatments and lobotomies leave them without personality. The negative effects of the hospital’s organizational structure are numerous. The men feel worthless, abused, and manipulated, much like the proletariat who endured horrendous working conditions and rarely saw the fruits of their labor during the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom and United States in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century (“Industrial Revolution” 630).
There were no heroes on the psychiatric ward until McMurphy's arrival. McMurphy gave the patients courage to stand against a truncated concept of masculinity, such as Nurse Ratched. For example, Harding states, "No ones ever dared to come out and say it before, but there is not a man among us that does not think it. That doesn't feel just as you do about her, and the whole business feels it somewhere down deep in his sacred little soul." McMurphy did not only understand his friends/patients, but understood the enemy who portrayed evil, spite, and hatred. McMurphy is the only one who can stand against the Big Nurse's oppressive supreme power. Chief explains this by stating, "To beat her you don't have to whip her two out of three or three out of five, but every time you meet. As soon as you let down your guard, as sson as you loose once, she's won for good. And eventually we all got to lose. Nobody can help that." McMuprhy's struggle for hte patient's free will is a disruption to Nurse Ratched's social order. Though she holds down her guard she yet is incapable of controlling what McMurphy is incontrollable of , such as his friends well being, to the order of Nurse Ratched and the Combine.