The Political System of Aruba

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Before one is able to understand the political system of Aruba, they must first become familiar with the history of the island. Aruba is now a part of the Royal Dutch Kingdom, however 500 years ago it was discovered by a Spaniard named Alonso de Ojeda.

Initially it was Spanish territory, but the French and English also assumed control of the island at various points in history. Pirates and privateers used the island as a safe refuge to restock their supply of fresh water and supplies(Hartog, 55).

It wasn’t until 1984 that the Dutch finally took control of the island. This was following the end of the 80-year war between the Spanish and Dutch. There was a brief point in the history of the island when the English were in control (1805-1816), but this was short lived and the Dutch returned to the island in 1816(Hartog, 61).

In 1824, a major boom in the Aruban economy occurred when gold was discovered on the island. This was extensively mined and became a large export until the mines depleted.

Finally in 1916, after less than a century of mining, the Dutch halted the search for gold as it was becoming unprofitable(Hartog, 82).

The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a traditional, constitutional monarchy. Aruba’s system of Government is based upon Western democratic principles. Although Aruba has separate status, it still has the comfort of ties with Holland economically, culturally, politically and most importantly in aspects of defense. If there were ever an attack on the island of Aruba, it would be deemed an attack on Holland. Aruba was a part of the Netherland Antilles, which consisted of six islands including St. Maarten, Saba, St. Eustatius, Bonaire and Curacao. However, on January 1st, 1986 it became a separate entity with the Kingdom of the Netherlands. (www.visitaruba.com)

The benefits of becoming a separate entity include being able to write their own constitution and governing their people. The Aruban government is also allowed to handle issues such as customs, immigration, aviation, communications and other internal issues. They no longer needed the Central Government of the Netherland Antilles to manage its autonomous affairs. However the Queen is still responsible for foreign affairs, citizenship and defense. (www.visitaruba.com)

The structure of the Aruban government is similar to many in the western democratic countries.

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