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Corruption and power
Critically discuss the doctrine of separation of powers
Corruption by politicians
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The plural executive is a system that divides the power among the lieutenant governor, state treasurer, general land commissioner, and attorney general. It was established in 1876 because state governors normally abused of their power many regarded it as oppressive and corrupt. The governor is limited to the people appointed to office and which appointees to office could be removed. However, the governor can still be successful if he works closely with the legislature and shares common visions. The governor can only appoint the Secretary of State other officials do not work together. The Lieutenant governor serves as an acting governor when the governor resigns, is incapacitated or impeached. He is the Constitutional President of the Senate
and can vote on all issues during a “Committee of the Whole”. Also, he can decide parliamentary questions and set up standing and special committees and appoint all chairpersons and members. The Attorney General is head of the Texas’s civil law firm; he handles lawsuits filed against the state or by the state. An important power of the Attorney General is to advice any agency of the state or local government on the legality of an action. They have the duty to resolve any lawsuit, litigate, compromise, settle, or pursue a suit if they choose. An Attorney General can assist a local district attorney when there is a conflict of interest. They assume the responsibility for a criminal case if is appealed to the federal courts. The Commissioner of the General Land Office (GLO) manages state lands. GLO provides low-cost loans for land, housing and home improvements to veterans through the Veteran’s Land Program. They also manage environment quality on public lands and waters. Additionally, GLO awards grazing and oil and gas exploration rights, some royalties on oil and land help fund the Permanent School Fund. The Commissioner of Agriculture enforces agricultural laws including inspections, disease- and pes-control programs, and quarantine laws. They ensure that farm products are of high quality and free of disease. They also check weights and measures like fuel pumps or scales used by grocery stores. Decisions made by commissioners can greatly affect agribusinesses that dominate the state. The Comptroller of Public Accounts directs tax collection, nontax revenues, and estimation of anticipated revenues. Estimating revenues is important to the appropriations process since the legislature is prohibited from misuse of available capital. The legislature must reduce appropriations or increase revenues if a bill is not certified by the comptroller.
The role of an executive branch is to carry out the law. Many states switched to the plural executive form of government because state governors were known for abusing their power when appointing friends to political positions or handing out favors when they requested. A plural executive system which means the power of a governor is limited and distributed among other government officials. Which means, that there is not an government official in Texas that has the solely responsible for the Texas Executive Branch. Some of the members of the Texas Plural Executive and their roles are Lieutenant Governor serves as the presiding officer is first in line of succession for governor, is elected to 4 years terms by the public with no terms limits. Attorney General serves as the lawyer for the state also represents the state on civil matters and is responsible for the interpretation of the
Just some of the duties as Chief Legislator include: Initiating an agenda for Congress, speak of his goals to accomplish in the State of the Union message, set the direction for the United States foreign policy, and make treaties with the consent and advice from the Senate. Congress has a lot of power on its own as well, they have the right to make laws, declare war, impeach and try federal officers, raise and provide public money and oversee how it’s used, approve presidential appointments, approve treaties negotiated by the Executive Branch, and oversee investigations. (Capitol Visitor Center, n.d., p. xx-xx) Congress is divided into the House of Representatives which is determined by the size of a state’s population, and the Senate which has a person for every state in America so there is equality for decisions.
day federalism. In section 1 of the Fundamental Orders, an executive office as well as a judicial branch is elected. The person with the most votes becomes the governor, and the next six runners up would hold positions as magistrates in the general court. The representative branch is established in section two where it is stated that the next runners up to the magistrates shall be the public officers to the people of their town. These three branches of government are exactly the same in present day, but how they are elected and appointed to their position is the only difference.
The office of president of the Republic of Texas was superseded and the state governor was first established in the Constitution of 1845 (“Phillip, Fry,” 2010) The Constitution of 1845 vested executive power in the governor and the election was done by the qualified voters of the State. In comparison, the Constitution of 1876 created plural executive, dividing the executive power among a governor, lieutenant-governor, Secretary of State, comptroller of public accounts, treasurer, commissioner of the general land office, attorney general and all of the officers of the executive department. All of these positions are elected by qualified voters except the Secretary of State who is appointed by the governor. The governor remains the commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the State and the militia in both the Constitutions. Also, the Constitution of 1845 placed a limit on the governor’s salary to two thousand dollars annually, which was amended on November 2, 1954 removing this limit. Although there has not been much change in the requirements to become a governor, the Constitution of 1845 limited the governor to two two-year terms in six years compared to the four-year term in the Constitution of 1876 (“Constitution of Texas,” n.d.; “Texas Constitution,” n.d.)
An issue in Texas today is whether the public have sufficient control over the executive branch of Texas government. Texas has a plural executive, which mean the public not only elects the Lieutenant Governor, but also the Attorney General, Comptroller, Land Commissioner, and Agricultural Commissioner (Benson, Clinkscale, and Giardino 216). These elections add significantly to the “long ballet” that the public can vote for. Some argue that because there are so many to vote for, people cannot adequately vote for the positions. The research and attention needed to stay up to date on the elections can steer people away from voting. Many people vote for the governor and the lieutenant governor because of the title and how high the positions are.
In Texas, the only executive official appointed by the governor is the Secretary of State. The other executive officials, who run on their own, are the Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Comptroller of Public Accounts, Commissioner of the General Land Office, Commissioner of Agriculture, Elected Boards and Commissions, Railroad Commission, State Board of Education,
nation. In addition, a single executive is more likely to be responsible for the decisions
The Legislative Department’s primary function is to enact laws to provide for the health, welfare, education, environment, and economic and general well-being of the citizens of Texas. It also establishes public policy through the passage of bills and resolutions and proposes amendments to the state constitution, which are then submitted to the voters for approval or disapproval. This amount of power does not appear on the surface to be tremendous, however, with the ability to put into place all laws and public policy’s it makes it the strongest of the three
Martial law is where the military is put in control of normal civilian functions of government due to an invasion or disaster of some degree. Being able to call for military control shows the military power the governor can possess. Another power and duty the governor has in the state is formulating and submitting the state budget. Given these powers, this allows the governor to reveal his spending priorities. Given these budgetary powers, he can subsequently position the budget in his favor. The governor with the senates approval, has the power to appoint the three-member Public Safety Commission which governs the tasks of the Department of Public Safety. This is so significant because by appointing his people to oversee all of the Department of Public Safety, gives him police power and makes them more powerful. One role that defines and is said to be the most important power given to the governor, is the power to sign or veto a bill once it has been passed by the Texas Legislature. If the governor decides to veto a bill, it gets sent back to the legislature and they can override the veto if they get two-thirds vote in each chamber and if they are still in
The duties of the Secretary include: serving as Chief Election Officer for Texas, supporting county election officials and guaranteeing the uniform function and interpretation of election laws throughout Texas. The Office of the Secretary of State also affords a repository for official and business and commercial records required to be filed with the Office. Another job of the Secretary is the publishing of government rules and regulations and commissions notaries. The Secretary also serves as keeper of the state seal and attester to the Governor's signature on official documents. In addition, the Secretary serves as senior advisor and liaison to the Governor for Texas Border and Mexican Affairs, and serves as Chief International Protocol Officer for
The Governor of California holds the power of the executive along with elected executive officers. The Governor is in charge of making sure that all the laws are being executed that have been written by the judicial. The governor is also given the power to be in charge of the California of the state military. The Governor also has the ability to appoint people for positions within the executive branch. The Governor must be an elector who has been a resident of California for at least five years before their election.... ...
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison stresses that “measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority.” Madison philosophized that a large republic, composed of numerous factions capable of competing with each other and the majority must exist in order to avoid tyranny of majority rule.# When Federalist No. 10 was published, the concept of pluralism was not widely used. However, the political theory that is the foundation for United States government was the influential force behind pluralism and its doctrines.
The president also has a cabinet which includes officials such as the attorney general and the secretaries of State, Treasury, Defense, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Education, Energy, and Veterans Affairs.... ... middle of paper ... ... The legislative branch deals with the people, not directly, but in similar terms.
Executive functioning is the new “hot” umbrella term used by teachers, counselors, and parents to describe a range of learning and attentional problems. Recent neuroscientific research on children and adults implicate failed executive functions, or their lack of engagement, not only in school-related performance issues, but in dysregulated emotional states experienced by those without executive function deficits. Such states are characterized by limited capacity for thought and reflection and automatic, reflexive reactions (Ford, 2010), similar to children with executive function deficits.
Leadership is being able to direct or guide other people by either your own actions or by actually guiding them into the right direction (Acumen). Inspiration to be a leader might come from many different areas like your family, friends, peers, or even teachers. My inspiration didn’t really occur to me until I started attending college in August 2013. In all actuality I never even thought of how to be a leader until I was in Mrs. Moore’s Perspectives class. I now have a desire to be a great leader, and the inspiration has come from Mrs. Moore, and my family. I am the first to attend college out of my family, so in a away I have already started leading my siblings in the right direction. Being a leader means inspiring others to pursue their dreams, and aspirations and helping throughout the journey to success. Being a leader has nothing with authority or being able to tell other what, and how to do things, it’s about having people who look up to you and want to follow your example.