The Physics of Turbo Charging
Turbo charging is one of the most efficient ways to make an engine preform better. They are very common on cars with smaller displacement engines and are even showing up on cars as a production item these days. As common as they are though, very few people truly know and why they work. They are fascinating even though they are fairly simple, or at least the principal behind them is simple.
To under stand how and why a turbo charger works one must first understand how the modern automobile engine works. These engines are known as four strokes, for one complete cycle there are four strokes of the piston. As the piston descends in the cylinder for the first time a mixture of gasoline and air is pulled into the cylinder through an open valve. As he piston moves back up in the cylinder the valve closes and the mixture is compressed in the combustion chamber. As the piston reaches the top of the cylinder a spark is fired from the spark plug. This spark ignites the mixture and it expands at a very fast rate. This explosion forces the piston down in the cylinder again. On the next rise the left over gasses are expelled through an open valve into the exhaust system. This is a fairly efficient process but has one major drawback. The engine can only pull so much air in on its own, and the more air and gas that is in the cylinder the more forceful the explosion will be.
This is where the turbo charger comes in. It was developed between 1909 and 1911 by Alfred J. Buchi. It was first used on aircraft during world war one. These engines worked on the same principal as the automobile engine, combusting a mixture of gasoline and air. One problem with the aircraft is that at high altitudes the air is thinne...
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...rformance of an engine. It can also increase the efficiency of an engine. Gases that are normally wasted are put to use making free horse power. Although turbo charging has its draw backs it is quite possibly the easiest and most cost efficient way to make an engine run better. With intercoolers, ball bearings, ceramic turbine blades, or sequential twin turbos chargers these problems can be almost eliminated.
Endnotes
1.Forced Induction. Pg 1. <http://www.ukcar.com/features/tech/Engine/turbo/forced_induction.htm>. 4/29/2003.
2.Physics A World View. Larry D. Kirkpatrick, Gerald F. Wheeler. Harcourt College Publishers. 2001. P174.
3. Turbo Chargers 101. Pg 3 of 4. 4/29/2003. <http://www.xmission.com/~dempsey/shelby/turbo101.htm>
4.How Stuff Works. “How Turbochargers Work” pg 6 of 8. 4/29/2003. <http://auto.howstuffworks.com/turbo.htm/printable>
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The first type of forced induction system is the turbocharger. A turbocharger is essentially the same as a supercharger, except where they get their power from. A turbocharger is powered by exhaust gasses that have been produced by the engine and are forcing their way through the turbofold, or the exhaust manifold that the turbo is housed in. The exhaust gas pushes its way through the turbocharger and hit the turbine wheel. Vehicles that usually find the need for a turbocharger from the factory are four or six cylinder engines. Standard in most European vehicles such as Mercedes, Audi, Volkswagen and Volvo. These cars are known for their small displacement motors, and great gas efficiency, due to this setup...
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"You can see that it is difficult to say which is better. The main advantages to supercharging are low-end response and simplicity. The main advantages to turbocharging are efficiency and the realization of maximum power. It is up to the vehicle owner to decide which solution is best for him or her" (Turbocharger or Supercharger).
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Fuel efficiency in automobiles has become a topic of much discussion in recent years in the United States. This is due largely to the environmental devastation that fuel emissions cause, but it is also sparked by the rising fuel costs. Making cars with high fuel efficiency not only saves consumers money, but also will drastically reduce the pollution that is caused by emissions. Today automakers are putting a tremendous amount of effort into making their cars more fuel efficient, both to meet government regulations and to make their car more appealing to the consumer.
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The TED talk addressed the issue of infectious disease and the ways in which disease is spread using the examples of cholera and malaria. The speaker Paul Ewald discussed the ways in which humans may have the ability to reduce their exposure and spread of infectious disease through applying the theory of evolution by natural selection. This spread of disease poses a threat to humans as the bacteria that cause the disease evolves with humans and become resistant to the medical interventions. The speaker addressed some key issues and posed some important solutions towards the betterment of human lives. The field of biological science studies when it comes to human’s works towards understanding the evolution of humans and the threats to the survival of our species. Understanding the evolution of disease is important in creating ways to protect humans against these diseases and properly treating those infected. The 21st century has been seen some successful cases in which science has been successful in the irradiated disease through the use of research and development of antibiotics but there are still diseases that plague countries especially in the developing world. Lack of information in regards to diseases and the effects of disease on humans can be critical to human survival if diseases evolve beyond our control which can lead to a pandemic.
_The Odyssey_ is believed to have been written by Homer and is infused with loyalty throughout the entire epic story. Odysseus is the most faithful, loving, and loyal husband, to Penelope, that any woman could dream of. Odysseus, in the beginning of his description of the trials and tribulations that he has endured, pledged his eternal loyalty to his ever-faithful wife Penelope. ?We are mortal weary and sick at heart/? [if only] now may I see once more/ my hall, my lands, my people before I die!? (Homer 7:233-240). Thought Odysseus did lie with the goddess his loyalty to Penelope held true. The ?Enchantress in her beauty? (Homer 7:274) enslaved the grand Odysseus to her will; yet Odysseus ?in [his] heart [he] never gave consent.? (Homer 7:276) The goddess offered Odysseus a choice, the ?promise [that he] should be/ immortal, [and] youthful, all the days to come? (Homer 7:275-276) or to continue his long continuous voyage to his queen Penelope. Because Odysseus chose to return to his devoted Penelope instead of gaining immortal life he has provided...
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Dreadful runs to the gas station before rushing to work can be irritating. When you are running late, just imagine that you could just simply connect your car to the charger at night like you do with your phone. In the morning, your car would be completely charged and ready for a full day of chores, without the need to experience the outrageous gas price changes. Imagine never having to remove your PJs to visit a gas station to fill up, that sounds great I bet. Instead of getting up to waste your money on gas, just place it towards your car