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Essay on the personality trait theory
Essay on the personality trait theory
Essay on the personality trait theory
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People are complex beings with complex minds and there are many intriguing individuals one can attempt to analyze. One such example is Donald Trump. It can be incredibly difficult to dissect a personality, especially one like his, in order to see into their lives and get an idea of who they are why they do what they do. In Dan P. McAdams’ What Do We Know When We Know A Person?, personalities are broken down into three levels. Level one consists of non-conditional and broad decontextualized traits such as the Big Five (extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) and provides a dispositional description of personality (McAdams, 1995). Level two digs deeper, including personal concerns and strivings, defense mechanisms, coping methods, motivations, and life tasks (McAdams, 1995). Beyond that lies level three, a person’s identity and life story that makes up one’s personality. By delving into the personality levels of Donald Trump, one can get a better idea of what makes him do what he does.
Beginning with the dispositional traits of level one, Donald Trump rates high on extraversion, displaying an inclination for talkativeness along with a confident, ranging near cocky, demeanor consistent with those high in extraversion. Dan McAdams (2016a) writes in the Atlantic that, in
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(2018, January) Donald Trump. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donald-Trump
McAdams, D. (1995). What Do We Know When We Know A Person? Journal of Personality. 63:3. 365-391.
McAdams, D.(2016a). The Mind of Donald Trump. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/06/the-mind-of-donald-trump/480771/
McAdams, D.(2016b). A Psychological Trap: Making Sense of Donald Trump’s Life and Personality. The Guardian. Retrieved from
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2013). Theories of personality (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage/Wadsworth.
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2013). Theories of personality (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage/Wadsworth.
Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2009). Theories of Personality (7th ed.). New York, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2008). Personality: Theory and research (10th Ed.). New York: Wiley.
Feist, J., Feist, G. J., & Roberts, T. A. (2009). Theories of personality. New York:
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Journal of personality and social psychology and. Retrieved from http://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/~broberts/Hazan & Shaver, 1987.pdf
Hodder & Sloughton : London Mischel, W. (1976) Introduction to Personality.
Raymond B. Cattell (1906-1998) studied the personality traits of large groups of people, calling the visible features of their personalities “surface traits.” During his studies, Cattell observed that certain “surface traits” would appear simultaneously in individuals. When Cattell noticed this trend occurring frequently he renamed the group of “surface traits” “source traits”. At the conclusion of his research Cattell identified sixteen “source traits.”
Schultz, D.P. & Schultz, S.E. (2009). Theories of Personality, Ninth Edition. US: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Each individual has had good and bad social traits. Mr. Trump has a fair amount of good traits that have helped him become the successful and powerful man who he is today. On the other hand, he demonstrates some characteristics in which can negatively affect his outlook from outside individuals and come off as offending to some people, from which he has to cope with. “Mr. Trump’s most defining characteristic is that he is bold. He seems unusually self-confident, and shows feeling of grandiosity and entitlement. On a first impression they are good, but seem to make it difficult to work with,” (Sherman, PH.D., 2015). Some people believe when Mr. Trump is put in situations he may act differently, but McAdams explains in his article What Do We Know When We Know a Person, “Situational effects are often no stronger than trait effects,” (McAdams,
(1997). McRae et al. (1997) attempted to find if the Five-Factor Model was a universal constant in all cultures. They also attempted to see if cultural views would change how the five traits were viewed. The researchers collected data from 6 different translations of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, this inventory looks for universal trait dimensions in a variety of languages. These 6 translations were then compared to the American counterpart. It was found that while some cultures did differ slightly in their view of the five traits found in the Five-Factor Model in comparison to Americans, the traits were still universal. All six translations found the big five traits of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and opens to experience to be
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2009). Personality traits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
McAdams, D. P. (2009). The person: An introduction to the science of personality psychology (5th ed.). Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.
Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2012). Personality: Classic theories and modern research (5th ed). Boston , MA, USA: Pearson
The concept of personality has numerous definitions (Fatahi, Moradi, & Kashani-Vahid, 2016). Schultz and Schultz (2009), define personality in its broad sense as the manner of an individual’s behaviour in different situations. This essay explores the nature of personality, with the intention of highlighting its flexibility. The results of numerous empirical research studies are examined in order to investigate if, and how personality changes over time. It will be argued that an individual’s personality has the ability to change throughout their life.