The pathloss (LP) is the unwanted reduction in the signal strength during the propagation of the transmitted signal from the transmitter to the receiver. It relates the received signal power to the transmitted signal power. The maximum path loss is used to estimate the maximum cell range with a suitable propagation model, in GSM systems Hata Okumura propagation model is considered for calculating the maximum allowable pathloss whereas for CDMA, WCDMA and LTE networks COST 231 Hata model is considered, which is the extension of Hata-Okumura model. The Hata- Okumura Model [4] is formulated as, 44.9 6.55log log (2) ( ) [69.55 26.16log 13.82log ] h d dB L dB f h a h t p t m The factor a(hm) is the effective MS antenna height correction …show more content…
COVERAGE AREA DETERMINATION OF DIFFERENT CELLULAR SYSTEMS Coverage refers to the number of base stations or cell sites
Summary In chapter one of Freakonomics, the beginning portion of the chapter discusses information and the connection it shares with the Ku Klux Klan and real-estate agents. The Ku Klux Klan was founded right after the Civil War, in order to persecute and subdue the slaves that were newly freed. The popularity of the Klan increased in the early 20th century, around the time of World War I. In the late 19th century, the Klan had only discriminated, persecuted, and subdued Blacks, but in the 20th century they did these things to Blacks, Jews, and Gypsies.
The Postwar Period in New York City was an intriguing time to read fiction in. The literature we read in this unit was the play “The Oxcart” by Rene Marques and novel “Manhattan Tropics” by Guillermo Cotto-Thorner. Each piece was set in New York City of Puerto Rican families trying to strive for the American Dream. In “The Oxcart” by Marques was a piece we lightly touched on. Although we only read Act III of the play it set a lot of focus on the dynamics of how America set in the characters. Juanita is considered a modern girl and not following the standards of a Puerto Rican woman. She gets “gifts” for a “job” that is frowned upon her brother Luis. She isn’t like the women back home who would not act the way she does. Luis is
An unstable home filled with broken relationships is like a shattered glass it can never be the same again because the damage is already done. Author Joyce Carol Oates portrays this in her short story “Where are you going. Where have you been?” The main character of the short story feeds off her broken home. Her family household situation motivates her to be a rebel. She ends up making so decisions that will change her life in a negative way.
is reduced is that there is less scatter radiation created when using the correct field size for the
The Redl and Wattenberg Model is a model of discipline, concerning group dynamics. Fritz Redl, a highly respected psychologist and educator, was born in Austria in 1902. He was recruited by the Rockefeller Foundation and immigrated to the United States from Austria in 1936. In 1940, Redl began his career in the United States as a therapist and researcher and ultimately became professor of behavioral science at Wayne State University. In 1973, he dealt with deviant juveniles as a consultant to the department of criminal justice at the State University of New York at Albany. Redl wrote many books contributing to the field of education, including Discipline for Today’s Children, co-authored with George Sheviakov (1956) and When We Deal with Children (1972).
Architectural difference: 3G network architecture is the radio terminal base stations (BTS) aggregate the radio Access
The level of RF a person receives is related to many factors, not only the placement of the antenna. Factors that can increase the level of RF are the number of “cells”, the distance to the “base station”, or the obstacles between the caller and the station. The number of cell zones depends on the user population. Heavily populated areas have more cells allowing for more telecommunication traffic. Being close to a cell site lowers the power needed to sustain a call, hence reduces the exposure to RF.
BA#v=onepage&q=price%20of%20cell%20phone%20in%201980s&f=false Chowdhury. R. Evolution Of Mobile Phones: 1995 - 2012. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.hongkiat.com/blog/evolution-of-mobile-phones/ MobiThinking. Global mobile statistics 2013 Part A: Mobile subscribers; handset market share; mobile operators. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats/a#subscribers Poole. I. History of Mobile Phone. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/history/mobile-cell-phone.php UMTS World. History of UMTS and 3G development. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.umtsworld.com/umts/history.htm WorldMapper. Cellular Subscribers 1990. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.worldmapper.org/display.php?selected=333
Analysis of the Environment of the Mobile Network System Executive Summary 3 Glossary of Abbreviations 4 Introduction 5 Recent History
Cell phone manufacturers and service providers are at the core of the cell phone industry. These corporations are integral from their research and development endeavors to interactions with the consumer and the marketing of new products. The companies that control such factors of cellular phones are very numerous, so it is difficult to address all the cell phone manufacturers and service providers. However, we have focused largely on only the most significant cellular companies namely in the U.S. marketplace, although many have global ties. Collectively, companies around the world have the same goals in mind – to create desirable cutting-edge technology and to increase consumer satisfaction with hopes of generating sales, and thus profits.
The wireless communications industry is perhaps matched only by the personal computer field in the rate at which new products and features are being introduced to the marketplace. What was once a novelty, used primarily by businesses, has now become commonplace among the masses. Today, cellular phones are owned by more than 114 million Americans according the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association reports . One of the advantages of having a cellular/mobile phone is that time spent commuting, caught up in traffic and traveling could now be productive. In addition, it increases the sense of security for people driving alone or concerned about vehicle breakdowns.
Trans theoretical Model (TTM) integrates several key concepts from several theories and applies these concepts to a variety human behaviors (Prochaska, Redding & Evers, 2008). The TTM addresses the stages of change related to human health behaviors, and one of the strength is that TTM addresses the stage prior person experience action to change his health behaviors. The stages of change include pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation, and these stages used when individual is welling to change certain health behaviors. For example, when a young teenage use alcohol and marijuana and he does not seek information about how to protect himself by avoid drinking or consuming marijuana because of his peers. He is consider to be in the pre-contemplation stage as he does not seek information to protect himself.
The high level of capital required building a wireless and wireline infrastructure makes economies of scale or on densely populated areas essential to telecom
The waves can be absorbed and reflected by surrounding objects before they reach the nearest cell tower. For example when you put your phone next to your head, during a...
There is no mobile phone network coverage in a dead zone. These are both indoor and outdoor problem locations where a signal is not available. Calls are often dropped in certain buildings, homes and outdoor locations across the nation. It is very frustrating when you experience no coverage from your home, office or car due to inconsistent service. Cell phones need towers and antennas for calls to go through. More cell phone towers will have to be built to eliminate the gaps in coverage. Cities that host the towers will benefit from the additional revenue the towers gener...