The Origins of the Cold War

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The Origins of the Cold War

Yalta - February 1945

This took place before the end of the war, but the Allies knew they

were going to win.

Churchill

· He recognised the danger and wrote to the US urging that action be

taken to stop the USSR's "onward sweep."

· He did not trust Stalin, although he tried to have good relations

with him.

· He did not dare criticise Russia too much as the public in Britain

had been impressed by Russia's courage and sacrifice against the

Nazis.

Roosevelt

· He regarded Churchill as someone who just wanted to hang on to the

British Empire. The USA had no intention of helping Britain in the

task. Instead, the aim was to keep the Allies together.

· He was keen that all people should be able to choose their own

government through free elections, and he wanted a new peacekeeping

organisation to be set up after the war.

· He did his best to get on with Stalin and treat the USSR fairly,

giving them the benefit of the doubt, to Churchill's annoyance.

Stalin

Stalin saw things differently to the other two leaders. When he talked

about "free elections," he meant something quite different from

Roosevelt. He would never have agreed to the election of

non-communists in countries occupied by the Red Army, only elections

to elect different members of the Communist Party. He had no intention

of leaving the USSR open to attack. He wanted to create a buffer zone

of friendly communist states between Russian and Germany.

Decisions made

1. To divide Germany into four zones of military occupation.

2. To give all the Allies access to the capital, Berlin, which was in

the So...

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Churchill on 5 March 1946. The speech was made at Fulton, Missouri and

Truman was in the audience and had read the speech before it was

given. Churchill called for an American-British alliance to fight

against the communist menace. He justified this by saying that "an

iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie

all the capitals of the ancient states of central and Eastern Europe:

Warsaw (Poland), Berlin (Germany), Prague (Czechoslovakia), Vienna

(Austria), Budapest (Hungary), Bucharest (Romania) and Sofia

(Bulgaria). All the famous cities lie in the Soviet Sphere and all are

subject to a high and increasing control from Moscow." Stalin was

furious with Churchill and Truman as he felt this was a public

declaration of hostility. It would be referred to in Soviet propaganda

for years to come.

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