The Number of Volatile Compounds in Sea Buckthorn Juice

3.1 Qualitative Analysis

The total number of volatile compounds found in sea buckthorn juice varies according to published data [8-12] and this study reports the highest number of compounds found so far, but there is an annual variation. In 2011, a total of 74, 89, 72 volatile compounds were extracted from 3 varieties (Hergo, wild and Frugana) of sea buckthorn berries (figure 1 and 2, table 1). A significant decline in the number of volatiles was seen in the 2012 harvest with only 17, 39, 9, 20 volatile compounds extracted in four varieties of berries (Hergo, wild, Frugana, Askola), (figure 3, and table 1). A rise in the volatiles was seen in 2013 and the four varieties of berries (Hergo, wild, Frugana, Askola) had 80,78,52,46 volatile compounds.

Despite the significant differences in the number of volatiles extracted during three harvesting seasons, there was an agreement in the most abundant volatiles which were ethyl esters (ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl benzoate) and 3-methylbutyl esters (3-methylbutyl-2-methylbutanoate, 3-methylbutyl-3-methyl butanoate, 3-methylbutyl hexanoate, and 3-methyl-butyl benzoate). Thus a typical sea buckthorn juice sample will generate a similar fingerprint of volatiles regardless of variety, (figure 2 and 3). However, contradictory results were seen in 2012 Hergo whereby all the abundant 3-methylbutyl esters were all absent and 3-methylbutyl-2-methylbutanoate, 3-methylbutyl-3-methyl butanoate were absent in 2013 samples. In 2012 Frugana ethyl 2-methylbutanoate 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl decanoate were absent and both in 2012/13 ethyl dodecanoate was absent. Biosynthetic differences in the volatile profile were more noticea...

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