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Debilitative stage fright is frequently caused by
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When a friend of mine was young and in the fifth grade he was involved in a play. He was given the role of Abraham Lincoln. When it was his turn to speak his voice broke, he forgot parts of his lines and he felt ashamed and like a failure. Ever since then, he couldn’t bring himself to get on stage and speak to an audience. The neutral stimulus is the stage for the play. The unconditional stimulus was the shame and feelings of failure. The unconditioned response was fear and anxiety. After pairing the neutral stimulus with feelings of shame and failure, my friend generalized his conditioned response (fear and anxiety) to the stage for the play, now the conditioned stimulus. When I was very young, I used to misbehave by interrupting
The differences between the movie doubt and the play have significant differences that would influence ones opinion about certain characters and situations in the story. Though the differences are few one would agree that at least one of these differences are game changers or at the very least they get you thinking and having doubts of your own.
When Antonio was seven years old, he had a very bad flu and was hospitalized. He was able to recover without complications, but he noticed that whenever he drove by the hospital he was treated at that he would start to feel sick to his stomach.Unconditioned stimulus in Antonio's case was initially the hospital. The unconditioned response to being at the hospital was he didn't feel well. Then the Hospital became the conditioned response by making Antonio feel sick when he had to visit or drive by the hospital. It is because he associated the hospital (CS) with feeling ill. The hospital where he was treated for the sickness is the conditioned stimulus (CS), causing him to remember what occurred and inducing his stomach to hurt (CR) which is an conditioned response. This is an example of classical
How Shakespeare Engages the Audience in Act I scene v In Act I, scene v, Shakespeare alters the tone of the play into a lighter mood. However, despite this, there is an ominous sense of fate overshadowing the pair of star crossed lovers. Even today, the tragedy resembles a blue print of the problems the young adolescents of the twentieth century face each day. Shakespeare uses a masked ball to create suspense and mystery, as this would have engaged an Elizabethan audience. However the audience already knows what is going to happen due to the Prologue - "Do with their death bury their parents' strife" - but despite this knowledge the anticipation of the events leading to the arrival of these final tragic scenes adds excitement.
Kurayama, Matsuzawa, Komiya, Nakazawa, Yoshida, Shimizu, (2012) confirmed that these neutral stimuluses deed indeed has an effect and played a role in fear conditioning in people. The case showed that Treena had indeed learned to be scared of the incident and it proceeded to become a cue for to get anxious and get panic attacks. It has been claimed that patients with panic disorder exhibited fear potentiated startle responses to safety cues and therefore reduced discrimination between safety and danger signals during acquisition, indicating that the safety signal was processed as the aversive event in contrast to the danger signal (Nees, Heinrich, Flor, 2015). It also showed that the her failing to answer the question had affected her in other classes when she would not participate in other classes hence, this showed that the neutral stimulus has developed and grew into a conditioned stimulus which evoked feelings of fear and anxiety in her, in other words it had become a cue for her to be scared and
Watson, J. B. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. The American Psychologist, 55(3), 313-317. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.southuniversity.libproxy.edmc.edu/
Staging and costuming a show for the stage requires a lot of time and hard work. When staging Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes one would have to consider how to dress each individual character and how to split the scenes to have them flow with the different characters. For example, the scene where Joe leaves Harper at the same time as Louis leaves Prior has to be staged carefully so that the audience understands what is happening. The playwright Tony Kushner allows for overlapping in conversations, but the director of the play has to figure out how to make the scene have an impact on the audience. The play examines significant themes of the time period such as religion and sexuality as well as AIDS. The play has to be presented cautiously to have a significant impact on the audience.
In observational learning, a child takes note of what his or her mother or father considers to be threatening. On the other hand, children can also be conditioned by their own life experiences through a process called operant conditioning (SOURCE). In some instances, children tend to generalize their fears, subsequently forming a phobia. For example, a young girl who became increasingly cautious of flying insects after an unpleasant encounter with a nest of agitated yellow jackets. After being assaulted by these creatures, she associated all flying bugs with the painful sting of a yellow jacket. Of course, children can also be classically conditioned to display a fearful response; that is, they learn to associate an unconditioned fear-relevant stimulus with a conditioned stimulus, provoking a conditioned, fearful response. One of the most well-known examples of this is an experiment involving a young boy, famously dubbed Little Albert. Little Albert learned to fear small furry animals in a laboratory setting when the presence of these creatures was paired with loud banging noises (SOURCE). From the aforementioned experiments and studies, it is undeniable that external circumstances and experiences assist in the configuration of fear in
Operant conditioning is when your behavior is based on consequences. If Zane has never been praised for playing his oboe well, then he might not be as confident as if he had been complimented. If he has gotten compliments from playing before then he is expected to do better during his evaluation.
Written in 1962-3, Play depicts three characters, a man (M), and two women (W1 and W2) trapped in urns with only their heads showing. These characters each present their own version of a love triangle, which once occurred between them. It becomes clear during the play that the characters, once tortured by each other, are now tortured by their situation. A spotlight acts as a "unique inquisitor," compelling each to speak when it shines on them, and to stop when it goes out. As this assault continues, the characters become increasingly maddened by the light, and increasingly desperate to make it stop. The play repeats itself, providing the audience with a sense that these characters have been saying the same words for an eternity, and will continue to do so until the light decides they can stop. Beckett demonstrates how "A style of living, theatrically communicable, is used to express a state of mind."
Stage 3: After Conditioning. Now the conditioned stimulus (CS) has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus (US) to create a new conditioned response (CR).” (McLoed. 2008)
Play is such an important part of the learning and growing, especially for children. Children engage in many different types of play, but the play I saw the most when I observe the children of my daycare is sociodramatic play. The book Understanding Dramatic Play by Judith Kase-Polisini defines sociodramatic play as “both players must tacitly or openly agree to act out the same drama” (Kase-Polisini 40). This shows that children play with each other and make their worlds together as equal creators. Children also work together without argument. There is also some personal play involved in their sociodramatic play. The children involved in the play worked to make a family having dinner, which is great example of how this will prepare them for
There were two events where unintended conditioning was illustrated. The first was when Buddy was conditioned to be attracted to the color red. What happened was when Buddy entered the master bedroom and found Mrs. Trudy putting red colored lipstick on her lips, Buddy instantly became attracted to its color, because he associated the presence of Mrs. Turdy to the color red. The color red was the neutral stimulus and the presence of Mrs. Turdy became the unconditioned stimulus that elicited an unconditioned response which was the feeling of security and safety because Mrs. Turdy is there for him. The red color, then becomes the conditioned stimulus and the feeling of safety and security then became the conditioned response. Another situation where conditioning was unintended was when buddy became afraid of loud noises like the loud beating of drums. When Buddy participated the Chicago World’s Fair he accidentally got lost and went to a public
Classical conditioning refers to a type of learning in which a previously neutral stimuli took on the ability to stimulate a conditioned response in an individual (Gormezano & Moore, 1966). To prove that environment was more impactful than genetics, Watson conducted an experiment on an infant, little Albert. Initially, Albert showed little fear towards rats. When Watson repeatedly exposed Albert to the rat accompanied by a loud noise, the latter began to develop fear towards not just the rat but also other furry animals. Watson successfully showed that the acquisition of a phobia can be explained by classical conditioning (Watson & Watson, 1921). Regardless of their genes, the associations of the right stimuli can result in the development of a new behaviour in any individual.
Operant conditioning is a system of learning that transpires through punishment and rewards for behaviors (Kalat, 2011). Through this, a connection linking a behavior and a consequence is made. For instance a kid could be told that she will not get recess privileges if she talks in class. This possibility of being punished leads to decrease in disruptive behaviors from her. The major components of operant condition are punishment and reinforcement (Kalat, 2011).
Regarding punishment in the two-factor theory, this Pavlovian conditioning must bring about fear within the subject. When the punished response is made the subject will experience fear, however, should the subject experience any response other than the punishment res...