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The Myth of the Lost Cause Following the defeat of the Confederacy and to lift the morale of a shattered people momentum gathered to enshrine the Myth of the Lost Cause which would transform the Southern soldier living and dead, into a veritable hero. In order to come to terms with defeat and a look of failure in the eyes of God, Southerners mentally transformed their memories of the antebellum South. It became a superior civilization of great purity which had been cruelly brought down by the materialistic Yankees. At the head of this revival was the memory of Stonewall Jackson, closely followed by Robert E. Lee (who would rise to the prominent position following his death in 1870). Other generals of the Confederacy who had died during the war followed, as did those who would pass on later. D.H. Hill, a friend of Longstreet published LAND WE LOVE, a magazine devoted to Literature, Military History and Agriculture. In 1869 Hill sold out to a Baltimore periodical, NEW ECLECTIC, which in the same year became the SOUTHERN MAGAZINE, official organ of the SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. In 1871 it changed its name to the SOUTHERN MAGAZINE and together with a later periodical, SOUTHERN BIVOUAC kept the memory of the War alive and fresh in the public mind. Filled with poems and stories of loyalty to the LOST CAUSE sent in by veterans. Hill was Stonewall Jackson's brother in law and he filled the magazine with stories, anecdotes and poems of the now legendary general. Other Confederate heroes received their share of attention from a flood of material supplied by readers commemorating Southern dead and using religion to explain the defeat. Book - writing was prolific in the '70s & '80s mainly from veterans but much on the romanticism of the Cause from women. The most prominent of the writer of the period was John Esten Cooke, who was related by birth and marriage to virtually all the prominent families of Virginia he helped enshrine the Confederate dead into chivalric knights and symbols of the LOST CAUSE. Cooke's impressive literary output polarized Southern perceptions of the War transforming the stigma of defeat into a badge of honour that Confederate veterans could wear proudly. His portrayal of the War as a wonderful adventure, in which participation was an honour. When Lee died on 12 Oct. 1870 he was one of a significant number of Confederate heroes running second to Jackson.
The book “For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought In The Civil War” by James M. McPherson examines the motivations of the soldiers who fought in the Civil War. McPherson wanted to understand why the men fought in the Civil War and why they fought so ferociously for such a large amount of time even though there was a huge possibility of death, disease and injurys.To answer the question regarding the reasons why men fought in the Civil War so viciously, and for such a long period of time, James McPherson studied countless amounts of letters, diaries and other mails that were written or sent by the soldiers who fought in the Civil War.
One of the best commanders in the Confederate army was Lee still; the Union stood at a better standpoint during the battle. “Perhaps the most significant lesson from July 3, 1863, concerns the method of decision-making. Though he may not have seen it as such, Lee’s decision to attack was at best a close call.” (Gompert 2006, pg.7). The battle of Gettysburg did not happen intentionally, planned however Lee did an astounding job and his best to defeat the Union army. Ultimately Robert E. Lee was responsible for the South’s loss
In James McPherson’s novel, What They Fought For, a variety of Civil War soldier documents are examined to show the diverse personal beliefs and motives for being involved in the war. McPherson’s sample, “is biased toward genuine fighting soldiers” (McPherson, 17) meaning he discusses what the ordinary soldier fought for. The Confederacy was often viewed as the favorable side because their life style relied on the war; Confederates surrounded their lives with practices like slavery and agriculture, and these practices were at stake during the war. On the other hand, Northerners fought to keep the country together. Although the Civil War was brutal, McPherson presents his research to show the dedication and patriotism of the soldiers that fought and died for a cause.
Starting in 1970s, there has been an upward adjustment to sentencing making punishment more punitive and sentencing guidelines more strict. Martinson's (1974) meta-analyzies reviewed over 200 studies and concluded that nothing works in terms of rehabilitating prisoners. Rehabilitating efforts were discontinued. The War on Drugs campaign in 1970s incarcerated thousands of non-violent drug offenders into the system. In 1865, 34.3% of prison population were imprisoned for drug violation. By 1995, the percentage grew to 59.9% (figure 4.1, 104). Legislation policies like the Third Strikes laws of 1994 have further the severity of sentencing. The shift from rehabilitation to human warehouse marks the end of an era of trying to reform individuals and the beginnings of locking inmates without preparation of their release. Along with the reform in the 1970s, prosecutors are given more discretion at the expense of judges. Prosecutors are often pressure to be tough on crime by the socie...
Throughout history, there have been people whose names and faces have become synonymous with the time periods in which they lived. For example, Julius Caesar is synonymous with the late Roman Republic and George Washington is synonymous with the American Revolution. Just like these two men, the name Robert E. Lee has become synonymous with the American Civil War. Not only did Lee rise to become the most important and recognizable person in the Southern Confederacy, but his honor and virtuous acts during and after the war made him a hero to modern-day Americans. Even though he fought for what many consider the morally erroneous side of the war, the virtues of his character have made him a figure in American history that should be honored and remembered.
...hing, and mob action, the South eventually wore down the political will of the North, allowing the South to go back to their old ways of life.
The three generals that led in the Battle of the Wilderness were very bright generals. Robert Edward Lee (the confederates leader) was born in Stratford hall, VA on January 19th, 1807 and died on October 12, 1870 in Lexington city, VA. Robert was raised by Anne Hill Carter Lee (mother) and Henry Lee III (father). He grew up with his sister Sydney smith Lee. After Robert graduated west point military academy (finished second in his class). He got married to Mary Anna Custis in the summer of 1830. Together they bore 7 kids. Robert was favored to do great things in the military just like his father (“light-horse Harry”). He was part of the Mexican-American war (in 1864) and was a Confederate General for many battles of the civil war including The Battle of the Wilderness. Lee was joined by his horse Traveller.Two days before the first attack started, causing the start of the Battle of the Wilderness, Robert E. Lee had already begun scouting George G. Meade’s troops. On May 4th, L...
To begin, Mandatory minimum sentences result in prison overcrowding, and based on several studies, it does not alleviate crime, for example crimes such as shoplifting or solicitation. These sentencing guidelines do not allow a judge to take into consideration the first time offender, differentiate the deviance level of the offender, and it does not allow for the judge to alter a punishment or judgment to each individual case. When mandatory sentencing came into effect, the drug lords they were trying to stop are not the ones being affected by the sentences. It is the nonviolent, low-level drug users who are overcrowding the prisons as a result of these sentences. Both the U.S. Sentencing Commission and the Department of Justice have determined that mandatory sentencing is not an effective way to deter crime. Studies show that mandatory minimums have gone downhill due to racial a...
The characters in the selections occasionally were altered in order to tell the story. Some modifications with characters are showcased in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”. In the book, the main character Ichabod Crane is a schoolteacher (W. Irving 16). In the movie, however, Ichabod Crane is shown as a detective, who had his own way of thinking about how crimes were to be solved, and he was sent to Sleepy Hollow to solve the murder of three townspeople (The Legend of Sleepy Hollow). The producer revived this scene from the book in order to make the movie more suspenseful. A teacher is alright, but a detective trying to solve the murder of three townspeople just adds a little more suspense, and helps to spark interest in the audience. Also in
...ting is a small, good thing in a time like this” which is what the title of the story is suggesting. It suggests that we as people are connected in our smallness and in our lack of control. It is impossible to take total control of our lives and to even know someone. However, the attempts we make are the “small, good things” carver was talking about and implemented into the story.
Mandatory minimum sentencing is the practice of requiring a predetermined prison sentence for certain crimes. The most notable mandatory minimums are the ones implemented in the 70’s and 80’s, hoping to combat the rising drug problem. Mandatory minimum sentencing has existed in the United States nearly since its very birth, with the first mandatory minimums being put into place around 1790. Recently, as the marijuana laws of many states have scaled back in severity, the issue of mandatory minimums has caused controversy in the US. There are two distinct sides to the argument surrounding mandatory minimum sentencing. One group believes we have a moral obligation to our country requiring us to do no less than lock up anyone with illegal drugs
In the movie starts with Ichabod Crane seen in New York City, as a police inspector, who has been assigned to go to the town of Sleepy Hollow to investigate the recent murders. While in the story, Ichabod Crane was a schoolmaster in Tarrytown. I think the producer had the name of the town be Sleepy Hollow because it is a commonly known name that his audience would know. I also think he changed the name to show that the movie is scary and spooky. Another difference between the movie and the story of Sleepy Hollow was, in the movie, the town where the events occurred was known as Sleepy Hollow; however in the story, the town was known as Tarrytown. Sleepy Hollow was the name of the valley in the story. I think the producer had Ichabod Crane in New York City as the police, instead of being the schoolmaster in Tarrytown, so that the producer would be able to elaborate and expand the original story. By having Ichabod Crane as a police officer, the producer was able to create other characters that were killed by the horseman. This made the movie more interesting. Another story and movie that had a difference in setting was The Jilting of Granny Weatherall. In the movie, Granny went to a chicken hen to
After reading “The legend of Sleepy Hollow”, “Rappaccini's Daughter”, and “The Jilting of Granny Weatherall” and comparing them to their movies, the reader will find that the authors and producers had much to compare. There are several different literary components to compare and contrast between the texts and the movies. Three literary components that were most obvious to compare and contrast were plot, character, and setting. These three components had many similarities and differences between the text and the movie for each story.
Lee is an excellent general for our newly created Confederacy. He is not only a national hero and in a very positive public light, he is also brilliant and valiant, knowing when to strict vital blows on the enemy. Even considering Lee’s weaknesses, he is still the General we need to lead the Confederacy to victory.
Both stories open with the same happy task; a mother is choosing a birthday cake for her son, Scotty. In 'The Bath' we are given details of appearance of the cake and a detailed description of the baker, but no real insight into the inner thoughts of the characters. In 'A Small Good Thing' we are treated to the mother's thoughts on the baker and her reflection on what commonalities they may have. She finds herself disliking the baker, “He made her feel uncomfortable, and she didn't like that...She gave up trying to make friends with him” (Carver ) In each versi...