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Recommended: Culture Essay
It is undeniable that the type of individuals we become are heavily dependent upon many factors including, but not limited to our families, our friends, and our neighborhoods. Our society solutes that the basis for individual behavior can be further determined or predicted by their upbringing, personal convictions, morality, and the people which an individual chooses to surround themselves with. As Gladwell describes in his essay “The Power of Context” the environment which an individual is surrounded by undoubtingly influences that individual. The question there-in lies, to what degree does our external circumstances shape our individual characteristics? One example of this effect can be found within Johnson’s essay “The Myth of the Ant Queen. …show more content…
He starts with a vivid sketch illustrating a subway shooting by Bernhard Goetz. The author emphasizes the fact that Goetz was viewed as a hero and “subway vigilante, despite having shot four African-American youths. Furthermore, Gladwell continues with the terrifying descriptions of the state of New York underground in the 1980s. He is attempting to convey that, one of the most effective strategies for fighting subway crime in New York is by keeping the cars and walls free of graffiti and cracking down on minor offenses such as skipping on fares, this which he later labels the Broken Window Theory. After convincing the readers that the Broken Windows theory (and the Power of Context theory) are efficient and effective explanations for the social behaviors of those four teens and other individuals in New York, he also attempts to prove that social epidemics can be reversed by addressing the smallest details of the environment, and states that “behavior is a function of social context” (Gladwell 153). The purpose of these theories is to highlight that crimes can be addressed by tackling the minor problems in New York fare-beating and graffiti. Furthermore, Gladwell dwells on the “contagious” nature of emotions and perceptions and explains the other factors that influence behavioral changes in the communities and cultures, such as the Law of the Few and the Stickiness Factor (Gladwell 157). He uses this argument to provide a logical basis for support of the Broken Windows theory. Gladwell also shows how the Power of Context works in intimate settings such as the upbringing of children. He highlights the results of studies that show that the effect of environment is more powerful than the influence of family. He points out that a child who resides a good neighborhood, but is from a troubled family is better off than a child who lives bad neighborhood and has a good family. One of the main points that
In this poem, “On the Subway”, written by Sharon Olds brings two worlds into proximity. We will identify the contrast that develops both portraits in the poem and discuss the insights the narrator comes to because of the experience. The author refers to several literary techniques as tone, poetic devices, imagery, and organization. The poem talks about a historical view based on black and white skin. It positions the two worlds the point of view of a black skinned and a white skinned. The boy is described as having a casual cold look for a mugger and alert under the hooded lids. On the other hand, based on his appearance the white skinned person felt threatened by the black boy. She was frightened that he could take her coat, brief case, and
The inner city described in the story mimics social disorganization theory. This theory suggests that the consequences of urban decay are due to the lack of social stability and cohesion, which results in a higher rate of delinquency and crimes. In this Philadelphia inner city, it is obviously socially disorganized and has led to many members of the community to have no community connection, resulting in taking part in deviant/violent acts. Another theory that emerges from this book is routine activity theory. Routine activity theory is based on the premise that your lifestyle determines whether or not you will commit a crime. This theory conveys that the people you interact with are not your choice, it depends on where you are raised and the community you are
In “On the Subway” by Sharon Olds, the author contrasts two divergent people. Olds come to many conclusions as a result of the experience. Sharon Olds utilizes tone, poetic devices such as metaphor, and finally imagery.
This model’s theorists argue that abnormal behavior is best understood in light of the social and cultural forces that influence an individual; as such they address the norms of and people’s roles in society. When Kody was a young boy, society’s cultural forces that had the biggest impact on his life were gangs. Gangs were all around him and because they were all around him, gangs became a normal part of life as they were a big part of south central Las Angeles’s culture. Culture refers to the set of values, attitudes, beliefs, history, and behaviors shared by a group of people and communicated from one generation to the next. There is no doubt in my mind after reading this book and what I have heard about south central Las Angeles that there is a lack of normal values that the majority of the United States shares.
Environment has always played an important role on how children are raised. Throughout child developmental psychology, many different theorist’s views on how environment effects a child development differently, or if it plays any role at all in a child developing with a healthy psyche. In the film Babies (2010), we are introduced to two human babies living in distinctively different parts of the world and we are given a glimpse of their lives as they grow and develop. In the film, we are introduced to Ponijao from the rural area of Opuwo, Namibia, who lives with his mother and his siblings. In another area of the world, the urban city of San Francisco, U.S., we are introduced to Hattie, who lives with her mother and father.
Environment says a lot about identity, past, and future. Primary environment has the most effect on shaping a child. According to a US National Library of Medicine research study, ”The physical environment and child development: An international review” it says, “What we do know suggests that the physical environment experienced by children impacts their cognitive and socioemotional development across the lifespan, from the prenatal period through adulthood.” In children this is especially important because a child develops most between the ages of two and five. There are three key elements that contribute to a healthy physical for young children, an adequate standard of living (mainly sufficient food, clothing, and housing), healthcare, and safety from injury, violence, and environmental hazards. In The Other Wes Moore, Wes(a) had
The stand or fall of social environment has a strong impact on the formation of a child’s behavior. Wes P had begun selling drugs, which was making him plenty of money. He explained his cash flow and expensive purchases by telling his mother he had become a successful DJ in the neighborhood. “ Tony found his younger brother and asked for an explanation for the learning tower of Nikes. Wes stuttered out a story: he’d became a popular DJ and was making incredible loot DJing parties.”(69) While Mary believed him, Tony did not. One day he came by the house and noticed Wes P’s room had changed a lot, and a tower of new shoe boxes convinced Tony that Wes had gotten into the drug game. Under the influence of society and vanity, Wes P chose a wrong to making money to sell drug. Throughout the current juvenile crime is visiting trend and the situation of the children more and more to discipline. I believe that in addition to the existing school education way and the modern social development also does not adapt and family education also has a larger error, largely due to social bad education caused by environment factor. Society environment is also equally important, and a good society environment is more conducive to the healthy growth of children, but no more important than family and school environment to the
The Cocaine Kids: The Inside Story of a Teenage Drug Ring is an intriguing narrative of the experiences Terry Williams witnessed first hand while observing the lives of “The Kids” and their involvement in the cocaine trade. Throughout this piece, there are numerous behaviors displayed by the drug dealers that are each examples of and can be attributed to well-defined criminological theories. This paper will explore how such criminological theories are associated with how and why individuals are introduced into the world of drug selling, as well as, why they leave it. I will elaborate on this by revealing the motivations and conditions that seem to pressurize these individuals to be drug dealers. Although there are multiples shown, the specific theories I will explore are all based on the same idea that an individual becomes a criminal by learning how to be one through experiences, examples, role models, etc. Such theories include the theory of Differential Association, Subculture of Violence Theory, and the Social Learning Theory.
Before the theory was enacted, there was a wave of immigrants migrating to New York City. The city was home to younger individuals that could be influenced positively instead of negatively. It was considerably a new era for change. The Broken Windows Theory came from realizing that disorder in a community leads to crime so, “If a window is broken and left unrepaired, people walking by will conclude that no one cares and no one is in charge” (Gladwell 152). Once people assume that there is no order, they start to believe that they can get away with committing criminal act whether it’s big or small. This leads to a pattern of increased crimes instead of a decrease. The Broken Windows Theory implies that crime is “contagious” and can therefore spread through the city. This can create a pattern in the community leading to a city filled with crime. It is not new for a city to repeat negative habits within its community. Friedrich Engels documented the city of Manchester and “the patterns of human movement and decision-making that have been etched into the texture of city blocks, patterns that are then fed back to the Manchester resident themselves, altering their subsequent decisions” (Johnson 199). Friedrich Engel’s study of the behavioral patterns emerging in cities correlates with the Broken Window Theory. The theory deals with minor problems leading to the invitation to more serious
Pericles’ statement, “A woman’s reputation is highest when men say little about her, whether it be good or evil,” reflects a common attitude towards women’s activities in ancient Greek society. Ancient Greece fostered a demeaning role for women restricting their level of education, choice in marriage, and enforcing strict social norms. However, persuading shreds of evidence suggest that some Greek females did participate in athletic competitions alongside men, primarily at religious ceremonies as they advanced toward maturity. Women’s participation in sports is a somewhat recent social phenomenon, and acceptance of that participation by cultures worldwide is an even more recent phenomenon.
High crime rates are an ongoing issue through the United States, however the motivation and the cause of crime has yet to be entirely identified. Ronald Akers would say that criminality is a behavior that is learned based on what an individual sees and observes others doing. When an individual commits a crime, he or she is acting on impulse based on actions that they have seen others engage in. Initially during childhood, individuals learn actions and behavior by watching and listening to others, and out of impulse they mimic the behavior that is observed. Theorist Ronald Akers extended Sutherland’s differential association theory with a modern viewpoint known as the social learning theory. The social learning theory states that individuals commit crime through their association with or exposure to others. According to Akers, people learn how to be offenders based on their observations around them and their association with peers. Theorist Akers states that for one, “people can become involved in crime through imitation—that is by modeling criminal conduct. Second, and most significant, Akers contended that definition and imitation are most instrumental in determining initial forays into crime” (Lilly, Cullen, and Ball 2011:57). Although Akers’ theory has been linked to juvenile delinquency in the past, it has also been tested as a possible cause of crime overall. Individuals learn from observation that criminal behavior is justifiable in certain circumstances. In connection with juvenile delinquency and crime, peers and intimate groups have the most effect on individuals when associated with criminal behavior. One is more likely to mimic the behavior of someone who they have close ties with, whether the behavior is justifiable or...
The film shed some light on some possible reasons as to why juveniles commit crimes. Throughout the film it is seen that “through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques and motives for criminal behavior,” also known as Edwin Sutherland’s differential association. The boys in the film are influenced by social and peer pressure to get involved in gang activity and juvenile delinquency. It is common throughout the film that the boys in the film are to respect the unspoken rules of the neighborhood and if not the response is dealt with by the use of violence. Another prominent theory to explain the juvenile delinquency in this flim is social disorganization theory, which “delinquency is caused by neighborhood in which a person lives.” This film takes place in what is known as the transitional zone, where most crime occurs and lack of all kinds of opportunity for one to better
In 1982, the political scientist James Q. Wilson and the criminologist George Kelling psychologist, both Americans, published in The Atlantic Monthly in a study that for the first time, established a causal link between disorder and crime. In that study, called The Police and Neighborhood Safety, the authors used the image of broken windows to explain how the disorder and criminality could slowly seep into a community, causing its decline and the consequent drop in quality of life. Wilson and Kelling argued that if a window in a factory or an office was broken and was not repaired immediately, people who pass through there would conclude that no one cared about that locality. In other words, the people would believe that there is no responsible authority for the maintenance of order in that place. a move to mass incarceration or a nationwide clemency policy, a large-scale shift to more targeted policing patterns, etc. ), shifts in the distribution or composition of the population (e.g. immigration trends), disruption of wide-spread illicit drug distribution paths, and events that significantly modify a nation’s perception of its government’s legitimacy”.
There are many different aspects of environment that can affect the development of children. One major environmental impact that influences the development of a child is the neighborhood they are raised in. Within the neighborhood there are several other aspect of influence. Where a child is raised can affect their behavior, attitudes, emotions, personality, values, health, and so much more. This can be seen in their personal lives at home to their social lives around others in classrooms. The affects of a child’s development due to their environment can be seen in both a positive and negative aspect. The neighborhood that a child is raised in can be very critical in their development. It may have a significant effect on what he or she becomes in the future.
Throughout our lives we have all been influenced by our environment and other outside forces. Our environment may change the way we think, act and behave in life. Since we are all products of our environment, it comes to no surprise that we, as humans, tend to behave in a society the same way others around us behave but at the same time we strive to find who we really are (Schaefer 73). Since birth, humans have always analyzed the world around them. With each day that passes, humans take in more and more information from the outside world. The information which humans obtain through their environment subconsciously influences the decisions people make throughout their daily life (Neubauer 16). On the other hand, our genetics also play a vital role in determining what type of person we are and what will we become.