The Moral in Human In his article, “The Perils of Obedience” Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment to discover the causes that lead people to obey whether that were right or wrong against their personal conscience . He concluded that people are likely to obey an authority figure when asked to do something immoral even if it may injured someone badly. Obedience is the compliance with an order or submission from authority, thus that behavior had been deeply established inside one person for a long time ago. Milgram set up the experiment at the Yale University to test how much people were willing to hurt others in order to satisfy the authority’s command. In the original experiment, there were two people who came to the lab to be tested in the study of memory and learning. One of them would act as a teacher, who was seated in front of the electric switches from slightest to the most dangerous, while the other acted as
They predicted that those people would not go any beyond 150 volts once the victim makes reached. However, the predictions were incorrect. More people were willing to obey the order all the way to the end. According to the section The Etiquette of Submission, if one person allowed to take fully controlled over another person without any certain rules, he would hurt that person as much as he wanted and thus caused from the ingrained aggressive character living inside of him. In a variation of the experiment, an experimenter asked a subject named Bruno Batta to take part in the test. While watching the subject doing the test on the learner with indifferent expression, the experimenter said that the reason that the subject obeyed was because he thinks himself as an instrument which carry out someone else’s order. Therefore, the subjects in the experiment only feel responsible for his authority but not the content of the
Milgram’s experiment basically states, “Be that as it may, you’d still probably commit heinous acts under the pressure of authority.” He also, found that obedience was the highest when the person giving the orders was nearby and was perceived as an authority figure, especially if they were from a prestigious institution. This was also true if the victim was depersonalized or placed at a distance such as in another room. Subjects were more likely to comply with orders if they didn’t see anyone else disobeying if there were no role models of defiance.
The experiment began with Milgram placing an advertisement in the local newspaper to recruit volunteers for his experiment. The experiment began with the introduction of the other participant, the other participant being an ally of Milgram’s. Afterwards, each participant would draw straws to decide which role they would take up, the “teacher” or the “learner.” However, the decision was always fixed so that the participant would always end up being the teacher. The learner would then be strapped to an electric chair by the teacher and would have a list of words read to him to be
Both were told that they would be involved in a study that tests the effects of punishment on learning. The learner was strapped into a chair that resembled a miniature electric chair, and was told he would have to learn a small list of word pairs. For each incorrect answer, he would be given electric shocks of increasing intensity ranging from 15 to 450 volts. The experimenter informed the teacher that his job was to administer the shocks. The experimenter's job was to oversee that the experiment was completed.
The teachers would initiate a “shock” to the student every time they got an answer wrong, but the teachers were unaware that the shock was fake. As the experiment continued, the shocks became more severe, and the students would plead for the teacher to stop since they were in pain. Despite the fact, that the participants continuously asked the authoritative experimenter if they could stop, “...relatively few people [had] the resources needed to resist authority” (Cherry 5). The participants feared questioning the effectiveness of the experiment, or restraining from continuing in fear of losing their job, going to jail, or getting reprimanded by Yale. A majority of the participants were intimidated by the experimenter, hence why they continued to shock the students, even though they knew morally, it was incorrect what they were doing. This experiment concluded, “...situational variables have a stronger sway than personality factors in determining obedience...” (5). One's decisions are based on the situation they are facing. If someone is under pressure, they will resort to illogical decision making. There thoughts could potentially be altered due to fear, or hostility. In conclusion, the rash, incohesive state of mind, provoked by fear will eventually lead to the rise of
Obedience is when you do something you have been asked or ordered to do by someone in authority. As little kids we are taught to follow the rules of authority, weather it is a positive or negative effect. Stanley Milgram, the author of “The perils of Obedience” writes his experiment about how people follow the direction of an authority figure, and how it could be a threat. On the other hand Diana Baumrind article “Review of Stanley Milgram’s experiments on obedience,” is about how Milgram’s experiment was inhumane and how it is not valid. While both authors address how people obey an authority figure, Milgram focuses more on how his experiment was successful while Baumrind seems more concerned more with how Milgram’s experiment was flawed and
The learner is actually an actor who is strapped to a harmless electric chair. He is told several pairs of words, and must remember and repeat these pairings with the make-believe fear of being electrocuted for incorrect answers. The foretold outcome or this experiment was expressed by several people who are familiar with behavioral sciences. They predicted that the majority of subjects would not pass 150 volts, and that a few crazed lunatics would reach the maximum voltage.
A former Yale psychologist, Stanley Milgram, administered an experiment to test the obedience of "ordinary" people as explained in his article, "The Perils of Obedience". An unexpected outcome came from this experiment by watching the teacher administer shocks to the learner for not remembering sets of words. By executing greater shocks for every wrong answer created tremendous stress and a low comfort levels within the "teacher", the one being observed unknowingly, uncomfortable and feel the need to stop. However, with Milgram having the experimenter insisting that they must continue for the experiments purpose, many continued to shock the learner with much higher voltages.The participants were unaware of many objects of the experiment until
The learners were a part of Milgram’s study and were taken into a room with electrodes attached to their arms. The teachers were to ask questions to the learners and if they answered incorrectly, they were to receive a 15-450 voltage electrical shock. Although the learners were not actually shocked, the teachers believed they were inflicting real harm on these innocent people.... ... middle of paper ...
Comparative Analysis Obedience to authority and willingness to obey an authority against one’s morals has been a topic of debate for decades. Stanley Milgrim, a Yale psychologist, conducted a study in which his subjects were commanded by a person in authority to initiate lethal shocks to a learner; his experiment is discussed in detail in the article “The Perils of Obedience” (Milgrim 77). Milgrim’s studies are said to be the most “influential and controversial studies of modern psychology” (Levine). While the leaner did not actually receive fatal shocks, an actor pretended to be in extreme pain, and 60 percent of the subjects were fully obedient, despite evidence displaying they believed what they were doing was harming another human being (Milgrim 80). Likewise, Dr. Zimbardo, a professor of psychology at Stanford University, conducted an experiment, explained in his article “The Stanford Prison Experiment,” in which ten guards were required to keep the prisoners from escape and under control.
Obedience is a widely debated topic today with many different standpoints from various brilliant psychologists. Studying obedience is still important today to attempt to understand why atrocities like the Holocaust or the My Lai Massacre happened so society can learn from them and not repeat history. There are many factors that contribute to obedience including situation and authority. The film A Few Good Men, through a military court case, shows how anyone can fall under the influence of authority and become completely obedient to conform to the roles that they have been assigned. A Few Good Men demonstrates how authority figures can control others and influence them into persuading them to perform a task considered immoral or unethical.
According to Milgram, one of his participants explains his reason for carrying on was because the experimenter was entirely responsible. (Milgram, Obedience to Authority. , However, social norms and social roles have a great influence on how behaviour can be shaped. It is from these influences that people tend to make judgment about which behaviour is acceptable or not acceptable. Milgram’s experiments on obedience gives scholars an understanding of how individuals obey in certain situations and settings.
In Stanley Milgram’s ‘The Perils of Obedience’, Milgram conducted experiments with the objective of knowing “how much pain an ordinary citizen would inflict on another person simply because he was ordered to by an experimental scientist" (Milgram 317). In the experiments, two participants would go into a warehouse where the experiments were being conducted and inside the warehouse, the subjects would be marked as either a teacher or a learner. A learner would be hooked up to a kind of electric chair and would be expected to do as he is being told by the teacher and do it right because; whenever the learner said the wrong word, the intensity of the electric shocks were increased. Similar procedure was undertaken on t...
...g factors such as fear of consequences for not obeying, human nature’s willingness to conform, perceived stature of authority and geographical locations. I also believe that due to most individual’s upbringings they will trust and obey anyone in an authoritative position even at the expense of their own moral judgment. I strongly believe that Stanley Milgram’s experiments were a turning point for the field of social psychology and they remind us that “ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular hostility on their part, can become agents in a terrible destructive process”. Despite these findings it is important to point out it is human nature to be empathetic, kind and good to our fellow human beings. The shock experiments reveal not blind obedience but rather contradictory ethical inclinations that lie deep inside human beings.
Stanley Milgram’s theory focused on obedience, and to more specifically, find an answer for the mass killings that happened during the holocaust at the time of World War 2. In his experiment, he wanted to study the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience in human behavior. The experiment is criticized today for its unethical procedures, but at the time, it sheds a light to others about how and why people carry out actions, and how far do people push harmful actions onto others. In the same manner, the results shocked Milgram and his researchers. Many thought only a small percentage of people would continue to inflict painful shocks to a “learner”, they were surprised to find 65% would continue with the experiment and
In one of the experiments twenty-five people refused to obey the administrator and not finish the experiment, whereas the other fifteen people finished the experiment to the end. Throughout all of the experiments completed around the world, eighty-five percent were obedient in finishing the experiment. Milgram’s experiment shed on the problem that if one is instructed to, regardless of how uncomfortable, or immoral, they believe it is, they do it, further explaining that ordinary people can become agents in a terrible destructive process (Sommers & Sommers, 2013). Often times the teacher would ask the experiment leader if they could stop and they would often clarify that if they proceeded they wouldn’t be blamed. This experiment also showed that when it was up the teacher they would deliver low shocks to the learner. Milgram explains that often the person would feel badly for administering the shock yet also feel good for following the administrator’s