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The representation of women in society
Hegemonic masculinity in today's society
The representation of women in society
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The Modern Men's Movement The 1970's saw the intensification of the feminist movement as a social, moral, and political force in the American arena. They focused their attention on the systematic oppression of women in politics and business. They were attacking male chauvinism, dominance, and a social system that relegated females to household duties. By most standards, the feminist movement has been successful in nearly all of its endeavors. The result, however, has left the American male uncertain of his own role in not only the dating arena, but the business, marriage, and society in general. All the things that once made a man desirable now make him the enemy of the advancement of women. The result has been a reactionary “Male” movement. Though not as prominent in the media or politics the feminine counterpart, it has garnered a rather loyal following through the 1980's and 1990's. It focuses not on men's rights, but functions more as a male bonding experience that educates and enlightens men about their new roles. “Created in the mid 1980's, the Mythopoetic men's movement emanates from the works of Robert Bly. His view is that the men's role has lost direction. The men's gatherings are to reconstruct a valid male initiation and role model.” (Schocke) This male movement has been cautiously encouraged by women's groups. Most realize the new pressures being exerted on men by the changes in society and recognize a male movement as a means to finding the new balance. "I believe that 'we', I.e. men and women, need a "men's movement" in the sense of men that have come to understand the evils of patriarchy ... These are men who are prepared to work in harmony with women to create a new society liberated from patriarchy." (Hagan, 14) Women want and need the men's movement as bad or worse then men do. The entire point of the feminist movement is to change men. Though not overtly stated as such, the promotion of women must occur in men's thoughts to happen in a society initially run by men. They must encourage men to not only bond with each other, but to reconstruct their mindset in a way more appropriate to the new social structure. That is exactly the point of the men's movement. It is important here to distinguish between different factions of the men's movement. There are more than a few, but most fall into one of two categories. The sma... ... middle of paper ... ...g up his tools. That is what the men's movement seems to be about, letting men be happy, keep their family, and their toys, tools, or whatever it is they cherish. There are several questions that need to be asked when the idea of changing either of the sexes arises, however. Why are we trying to change the traits that have evolved in man over the last thousand years? Further, there are certain traits in the male psyche that are genetically based. Are we striving to change those traits or suppressing them? We cannot change the genetic code that makes a man. The expression of those traits can not be altered, just hidden. Today's society strives to hide or change personal features to fit self perception as well as a wanted public image. People change hair color, eye color, and now, even physical sexual characteristics to fit the way they want society to see them. Is the new men's movement just a reflection of this trend? Men have been bashed through the 1970's and 1980's. As a result, men started wanting to change their public image, lest they become referred to as Neanderthals. The resultant movement may be seeking to give the male species a 'facelift'.
Men are looked at as brave, selfless people and are perceived as heroes all throughout society. Johnson addresses this point saying, “The idea of heroism, for example, has been appropriated almost entirely by patriarchal manhood. From movies and television to literature to the nightly news, our ideas of who and what is heroic focus almost entirely on men and what they do” (548). Since men have power in this world, they have generated a society that pleases them. Superhero movies are a huge money maker in today’s world. But, the most popular superheroes are exclusively men such as Batman, Superman, Captain America, The Flash and The Hulk. This media only feeds into the ideology that men are the heroes in the world and they are the ones making sacrifices for others. They see a world that appeals to them and do not see a reason to mess with the system. Kilbourne writes, “When power is unequal, when one group is oppressed and discriminated against as a group, when there is a context of systematic and historical oppression, stereotypes and prejudice have different weight and meaning” (499). Men now see patriarchy as natural and how life should be. They can look back at previous generations and see that they succeeded with patriarchy and feel they should do the same. Men see absolutely no reason as to why they should relinquish their position of
Over time, the image of men has changed. This is due mostly to the relaxation of rigid stereotypical roles of the two genders. In different pieces of literature, however, men have been presented as the traditional dominate figure, the provider and rule maker or non-traditional figure that is almost useless and unimportant unless needed for sexual intercourse. This dramatic difference can either perpetuate the already existing stereotype or challenge it. Regardless of the differences, both seem to put men into a negative connotation.
Everyone is capable of wanting equality for all people. Women are not the only people to strive for gender equality for woman. Many men want to see all people treated equally but do not feel confident enough to talk about it. Many women who call themselves feminists tend to blame men for the position woman are in today, excluding them, and essentially doing nothing to help us as a society progress to equality. This only feeds into the well known stereotype of feminism. When referring to men in this society, Serano say’s, “It is difficult for men to move through a world in which they are non-consensually viewed as predators” (417). Society takes this general view as men being t fault for how women are treated today and making it hard for many men to join women in the fight for equality. This is not to say all men are supportive of woman, unfortunately, there are still men in the world that believe women can not do a job as well or better than a man, but to believe all men are like this would be inequitable. When contemplating whether to include men in feminism we must remember the main reason for feminism, which Roxane Gay reminds us when she says, “So much responsibility keeps getting piled on the shoulders of a movement whose primary purpose is to achieve equality, in all realms, between men and woman” (173). So why not let men join the movement? Woman must move past this idea that men are to blame
Thesis Statement: Men and women were in different social classes, women were expected to be in charge of running the household, the hardships of motherhood. The roles that men and women were expected to live up to would be called oppressive and offensive by today’s standards, but it was a very different world than the one we have become accustomed to in our time. Men and women were seen to live in separate social class from the men where women were considered not only physically weaker, but morally superior to men. This meant that women were the best suited for the domestic role of keeping the house. Women were not allowed in the public circle and forbidden to be involved with politics and economic affairs as the men made all the
The problem, as I see it, is that we have not re-defined masculinity for the modern age. In the old days, masculinity was measured by (1) physical abilities, particularly strength, but also skill, (2) power/success/wealth, and (3) sexual prowess. The first can be developed through education and hard work, the second could be acquired through the application of the first, and the third, well, either you got it or you don't, but locker-room bragging can always make up for any lacks, especially if you got the first two. Boys growing up in such a society work to develop their physical abilities and learn how to apply them most efficaciously, thus becoming a "man". This makes sense when a man might be faced with the challenge of building shelter on the prairie or raising crops, but us modern urban men are unlikely to face such challenges. Of course, we are not unprepared for the challenges of a modern urban lifestyle. Our education generally provides such life-sustaining skills as linear algebra, the performing arts, and information systems management. The educational system is successful enough to allow most of us to get jobs that pay us enough to afford all the requirements of a modern urban lifestyle: housing, food, clothing, entertainment, transportation, etc. The trouble is that while education has more or less kept pace with the advance of civilization, our notions of masculinity have not.
It takes one person to begin expanding a thought, eventually dilating over a city, gaining power through perceived power. This is why Socrates would be able to eventually benefit everyone, those indifferent to philosophy, criminals, and even those who do not like him. Socrates, through his knowledge of self, was able to understand others. He was emotionally intelligent, and this enabled him to live as a “gadfly,” speaking out of curiosity and asking honest questions. For someone who possesses this emotional intelligence, a conversation with Socrates should not have been an issue-people such as Crito, Nicostratus, and Plato who he calls out during his speech. (37) The problem is that many of the citizens of Athens who wanted Socrates dead, lacked that emotional intelligence and thought highly of themselves. So of course they become defensive when Socrates sheds light on the idea that they may be wrong. As someone who cared most about the improvement of the soul, Socrates would have made a constructive role model to the criminals of Athens, as he would go on saying, “virtue is not given by money, but that from virtue comes money and every other good of man…”(35) Socrates was able to benefit everyone alike as he had human wisdom- something that all the Athenians could relate
To clarify his point, he refers to the education of the youth compared to the training of a horse. If a trainer is the only qualified person to train a horse, and not the rest of the population, shouldn’t there be only a few people “trainers” that can teach the youth? If this is true, Socrates makes the point that many other people should be tried alongside him, because he is not in this alone. Socrates concludes his argument comparing the definition of a truly wicked person to a person who breaks a rule unknowingly. Socrates agrees that the wicked person has knowledge of what they are doing wrong. Since they understand, they need to face the consequences of their actions through trial and punishment. On the other hand, the rule breaker who committed a crime unknowingly did not have the knowledge that the wicked person had. Since they did not break this willingly, they should not be punished, but counseled on how to correct their actions. This helps prove Socrates point that the correct action is not being taken against him for “corrupting the youth.” Rather, injustice is being ordained upon him. Through this injustice, he can take action to disobey any consequence that stems from this, or more specifically, practicing philosophy in the face of many people who do not agree with his
Phillips says that the future of men is women because women have a long standing battle or history of women’s movement and right protests. The study of masculinity is growing due to the influence of the successful feminist movements. Women and Men are compared to one another for the longest time, but men has always been the dominant during the early stages of humankind. It is said that male and female bodies were innate and suited for specifics roles in society. In the 18th century, male bodies were more superior, stronger, more able, suited to be leaders, roles in government, business, family and land. While the females we're fragile, weaker mentally, and physically, and better suited for childbearing and household roles (Phillips, 514) . Males have always had the upperhand, but no one ever talks about their insecurities and
Suggested roles of all types set the stage for how human beings perceive their life should be. Gender roles are one of the most dangerous roles that society faces today. With all of the controversy applied to male vs. female dominance in households, and in the workplace, there seems to be an argument either way. In the essay, “Men as Success Objects”, the author Warren Farrell explains this threat of society as a whole. Farrell explains the difference of men and women growing up and how they believe their role in society to be. He justifies that it doesn’t just appear in marriage, but in the earliest stages of life. Similarly, in the essay “Roles of Sexes”, real life applications are explored in two different novels. The synthesis between these two essays proves how prevalent roles are in even the smallest part of a concept and how it is relatively an inevitable subject.
“Are we to say that we are never intentionally to do wrong, or that in one way we ought not to do wrong, or is doing wrong always evil and dishonorable, as I was just now saying, and as has been already acknowledged by us? (Dover p.49)” Socrates’ standard is that he refuses to see justice as an eye for an eye. He believes that logical arguments and persuasion should be the defense of the accused. Socrates believes that since he cannot convince the people who ruled against him that there is no other option then to pay the sentence that he was
and their daily lives. This presentation of masculinity can alter how men respect women in the
Many people would expect that when a person does something that exposes their character as being masculine or feminine, being a man or a woman would never matter. However, the majority of the human population do not realize the fact that they react so differently in front of a man compared to a woman, or vice versa. From Vincent’s experience, a man being apologetic or emotional breeds contempt yet when a woman acts in such ways they receive compassion. “People see weakness in a woman and they want to help. They see weakness in a man and they want to stamp it out” (213). Many people do not notice these minute mental responses that many of them
The short story “When It Changed” goes to show that men believe women are completely dependent on men. This story was written in 1972 by a woman, which proves that women too believe that they are dependent on men. In the introduction of the story it states “Russ cleverly deploys the atmospherics of classic first contact narrative to depict the resulting clash of cultures and perspectives” (Russ 508). Men have believed for centuries that they are superior to women leading to the clash between the genders. It is only human for people to think they are better than others; however, it is another level for an entire population to think they are better than another population, especially those who hold similar characteristics. Also stated in the
There have been many scholars who have pondered the question of what masculinity really is and how do we define it as a society. Often the question is gender something we really do, do we each shape the course for ourselves or are we molded into a predominate shape? To even begin the long debate to answer questions such as these, one needs to look at the individual role and at the role that institutions have on us.
The differences between women and men are not solely biological. Our society’s culture has established a set of unwritten cultural laws of how each gender should act, or in other words society has ascribed a stereotype. Men’s gender identity has been one of masculinity, and masculinity is defined as referring to a man or things described as manly. What does manly mean though? Is a male manly if he is “Mr. Fix-it”, or the jock, or if he sits on the couch on Sunday watching football? This latter statement is a stereotype of men, that has been around for decades, and is current as well, but starting with the 1960’s a man’s role started to change, despite the stereotype not changing to accommodate it. For the past 40 years one can see how men have taken on roles stereotypically ascribed to women, such roles including being the “stay-at-home mom”, which we can find an excellent example of in the 1980’s film “Mr.