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Algeria's history in economics
Life in Algeria since independence
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Social, political and economic developments have continued to improve largely ever since the invasion of Algeria by French and Arabs. The culture of the people of Algeria together with the justice system have had influence from these invasions, therefore, the setting of its legal system has been designed to serve the citizens of the country in a way that suits everyone though there have been challenges in the administration of the law.
Algeria is a developing country which is rich in oil, therefore, boosting its economy by trading petroleum and natural gas, which are largely exported. Many people have also invested in agriculture as they grow vegetables which they sell locally and also export (African Economic Outlook (AEO) 2016). The rate of corruption in Algeria has largely affected its development as many companies that want to venture in Algeria are in fear of the rate of corruption and have little trust in Algeria 's judicial system. Apart from corruption, Algeria 's economy is affected by their practice of nepotism as many people depend on connections to get employments or acquire services. The Judicial system in Algeria was found to be a
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In Algeria, the president has the powers to pardon criminal wrongdoers in the name of the republic and oversees the execution of the laws that govern the country. Algeria laws have been sourced from the French statutory laws, the Islamic laws and also from the accepted rights and equity rules. The legal system separated power system where the presidential administration together with the president oversee the implementation of the law as the parliament is given responsibilities in civil and criminal legislation whereas the courts are asked to make judgments on both criminal and civil
The beginning of colonization also marks the beginning of decolonization. From the day the colonists start exploiting the colonized people and belittling the colonized people for the colonists' self-aggrandizement, the colonized ones have been prepared to use violence at any moment to end the colonists' exploitation (Fanon, 3).Decolonization is violent, there is a necessity for violence. This is a point that is repeated again and again throughout The Battle of Algiers and The Wretched of the Earth. Here, the focus will be on The Battle of Algiers to discuss the violence of
Before 1954, Algeria was not considered to be a French colony - rather it was seen as an integral part of France. The region was composed of departments, like those of the mainland. There were over a million white French nationals living in Algeria at the time and around eight million Muslims.3 This was a greater proportion of French nationals than in the other major North African colonies of France - Morocco, and Tunisia.4 Although there were benefits to remaining with France, the colonial administration was heavily weighed against the Muslims - particularly with regards to voting rights. In 1936, for instance, the Popular Front Government of Blum introduced legislation to the Assembly proposing to extend French citizenship to over twenty thousand Algerian Muslims.5 The initiative failed when all the European mayors of Algerian towns resigned in protest.
Within the Federal Government there are three main branches; “the Legislative, the Judicial, and Executive” (Phaedra Trethan, 2013). They have the same basic shape and the same basic roles were written in the Constitution in 1787.
The court system of any country is a fundamental aspect of the society. In this respect, there are no public institutions in Canada which are subject to public scrutiny like the court system. People expectations of how they are treated by others are guided by laws made by various levels of institutions of justice. The Canadian judicial system, particularly, has undergone major developments and challenges as well. This paper explores three published articles that report on the problem of patronage appointments what lies behind the confidence in the justice system and the relevance of gender and gender equality in the legal profession.
In order for one to understand the criminal justice system, it is important to study both the criminal law of one’s own country as well as surrounding countries. By engaging in comparative criminal justice studies, one can expand this knowledge through the discovery of similarities and differences in the structure of criminal justice agencies of various nations or states. There are a multitude of factors which could contribute to the differences in each nation’s criminal justice system. By studying the ways in which other countries operate their criminal justice system, it may be possible to learn ways in which we could better our own system. In order to do this, we can study the ways in which various court systems operate around the world. In doing so, we will examine countries with both a different and similar judicial system to ours and discover the differences in how each operates. In furtherance of understanding the criminal justice system, we will
In every society around the world, the law is affecting everyone since it shapes the behavior and sense of right and wrong for every citizen in society. Laws are meant to control a society’s behavior by outlining the accepted forms of conduct. The law is designed as a neutral aspect existent to solve society’s problems, a system specially designed to provide people with peace and order. The legal system runs more efficiently when people understand the laws they are intended to follow along with their legal rights and responsibilities.
From the beginning of colonization, the French disliked the native Algerians’ Islamic religion and they tried to eliminate it all together. The french thought they could do so by introducing more French culture into their society. By doing so, French culture was thoroughly integrated and it made Islamic culture almost obsolete. Though the other French settlers approved of the assimilation of the Algerians and them being granted citizenship, most disagreed with any action attempting to give equal rights to the Muslims. By the end of the nineteenth century, the people of the Muslim majority were considered second-class citizens in comparison to those of the European minority. This was because of colonial policies passed by the French. Other laws also looked down upon Muslim Algerians. They were defined as "subjects" and unless they agreed to cease following Islamic laws, they would not be considered citizens (A...
For my research paper I decided to observe at the North Justice Center in Fullerton, CA for the morning session. My goal entering there was to watch the process of a criminal trial since I felt that would be the most interesting and would allow me the opportunity to witness all the working parts of our justice system in action. While waiting for the criminal trial to open its doors and start, I managed to come across a post- arraignment court, where I was able to watch a different side of our criminal justice system. This is the side that enforces the punishment and makes sure that restitution is paid for whatever crime was committed. By far the most interesting thing I took from this experience was the differences in how the judges conducted themselves in their courtrooms and the amount of discretion that they were allowed to use. For this paper I will be going over what I observed in both the post-arraignment court and the criminal trial and analyze my findings in a sociological context.
France invaded Algeria to bring the “blessings of colonization. The main objective for the French invading Algeria was for economic gain and become known as one the most superior and dominant nations of Europe. France changed the lives of many Africans which led to Algerians applying for citizenship in their own country. The Algerians endured many hardships after the French came into the picture. Things did not change for the better, but for the worst. The French “imposed more and higher taxes on Muslims than Europeans” (library of congress). In their country Muslims had to pay more taxes, and even new taxes than they had before the French invaded their country. The Algerians then had to apply for citizenship into their own country. The application was so difficult that many applicants were unable to complete it, and were denied citizenship. The lifestyles of Algerians was changed so much that French tried to make the Muslims forget who they were. Women wore a veil to symbolize their religious practices. The French wanted the women to remove their veil as a way to modernize them when it was only a way for France to do what they wanted. Algerians soon became tired of the mistreatment and ways of the French so they started a revolt for independence.
Corruption consists in the illegitimate agreement between a corruptor and a corrupted, in which they abuse of their public power in order to obtain personal benefit. Bribery and corruption is something that has been going on for years. According to Allen, “officials perceive themselves as immune to any penalties for demanding and receiving bribes” which she states that it is one of the main reasons for bribery and corruption in underdeveloped countries. According to Transparency International, an organization committed exclusively to end corruption, three of the most corrupt countries in the world are Somalia, North Korea and Afghanistan. This does not mean that corruption is only seen in underdeveloped countries. In international business, corporate employees often find themselves dealing with corruptors in foreign countries and, in most cases, they will give in.
At the same time, the nature of European interest in Africa changed dramatically.************* Frantz Fanon’s 1959 book, A Dying Colonialism, offers an interesting look on the Algerian War of Independence. In spite of its often gruelling subject matter, this book remains strangely optimistic. As the title suggest, Fanon is describing the end of a system. It is important to note that Fanon is not arguing that colonialism has indeed ended already, but rather that the end is coming soon. Simply put his book is a convincing argument for how colonialism is in decline. How there cannot be a future that sees Algeria under colonial rule. How “colonialism has definitely lost out in Algeria” (Fanon,: 31). Fanon saw how the French had already lost the battle for controlling the Algerian psychology. They had lost the battle for ideas. In light of the work of Antonio Gramsci, they were not able to exercise hegemony in Algeria. They for instance tried to convince Algerian women that they were being oppressed (Fanon: 38). By doing this they hoped to gain power over men whilst simultaneously destroying Algerian culture (Fanon: 38). This was clearly an instance of what Gayatri Spivak refers to as the phenomenon of “white men saving brown women from brown men” (Fanon: 33). Fanon sees this attempt by the French as an absolute failure. Even though they do indeed use the rhetoric that is so
As one looks around the world, one can see the many problems that lie around in the world. One problem that still lies around in the world is genocide. Genocide has been around for as long as one could trace back. Germany and Rwanda are one of the many countries that have had cases of genocide. In Germany, there had been the Holocaust, and in Rwanda, there had been a rivalry between two tribes. Like genocide, another major problem that still can be seen in the world is poverty. Currently, Algeria is one of many countries that deal with poverty because of its recent independence movement from France. In the rural areas, one can see a solution to this problem is to forge alliances with many rich countries so that constant trade can provide Algeria resources and money.
Conceptualizing Corruption in South Africa Conceptualizing Corruption in South Africa Amr Taha El Baba Lebanese American University SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To persuade my audience that corruption could cripple the progress in South African societies. Crime and corruption are not relevant to the degree of poverty present in a country as some of you might think. Corruption is a social phenomenon that every society deals with, regardless of the level of development in the country. What makes corruption a dangerous social phenomenon is its ability to adapt to the conditions present in any country.
50). The book also states that instances such as entrepreneurship leads to a struggling growth because these entrepreneurs will risk money investments where corrupt officials interfere, leaving their investments to struggle. Corrupt officials are also less likely to initiate projects that will help the greater good and public welfare of some of these African countries, but instead only interfere in ones that will benefit them as a leader. They deal with bribes and diverting funds, resulting in the countries inability to grow. If this corruption furthers on, then this will continually be a consistent struggle for Africa as it lessens their progression to a stronger
Corruption can be defined as the use of entrusted power to accumulate public wealthy for personal benefit. Corruption is not peculiar to any country, continent or state; it is sure a global issue which is an endemic to all government all over the world. However, corruption is prevalent in the Niger delta region of Nigeria; public officers in this oil producing state of Nigeria are corrupt. Consequently, it has defied the Niger delta from developing politically and economically which has left the states reputation in a mess. Radicalization of youths, abject poverty and -political instability are the three leading effects of corruption in the Niger delta region of Nigeria.