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English as a global language wikipedia
English as a global language
English as a global language wikipedia
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As English continues to grow as an international language, cultural concerns surrounding the standardization of the language also grow. Language is an independent vein of communication that varies from country to country. Argentina and Cuba both name Spanish as a national language, but speech patterns and connotations of words will vary between those countries, and even within the regions of those countries. Certain aspects of an environment such as family life, socioeconomic status, gender, education level, geography, and the influence of pop culture and the media will contribute to these colloquialisms. In an effort to bridge the gaps caused by variations in speech, some linguists have suggested instituting English as a lingua franca, which …show more content…
and maintains the inequality that exists between languages (Dombi, 2011). With the United States spearheading modernization and globalization, the possibility of linguistic imperialism becomes more clear and more likely for the prominent powers on the world stage. Seeing that the most powerful nations have some integration of English for the sake of international communication, aboriginal languages may consequently die unless something is done to control the spread of the English …show more content…
World Englishes include English spoken from the outer circle of the language speakers, such as Japanese English. It is necessary to form standards off of all varieties of english because the goal, once again is clear communication, not command of the language. Not all countries are exposed to the same caliber of english speaking, hence [what’s his faces] circles. [explain inner middle and outer circle english speakers]. For example, in Japan there are mostly outer circle english speakers because there is not a high concentration of inner circle and middle circle speakers. This means that their command of english is further from native command because they are not in close proximity to inner and middle circle
As discussed in World Geography class, the world has become more globalized in the modern world due to the expansion of the internet and transportation for easier travel to areas of the world. Through the internet and tourism, the spread of more populous languages grows. According to the Globalization and Diversity textbook, through globalization, smaller cultures have a hard time catching up with the rest of the world; thus, these cultures must adapt to the dominate culture. The Tuvan, Aka, and Seri cultures cannot compete with English, for example, as the numbers of English speakers are significantly higher. In a world of globalization, the need for a common language, or lingua franca, is important for numerous cultures to
This leads to the negative viewpoint of cultural globalization, that “[it] can lead to a utopian world, [and] some believe it will cause less dominant cultures to be obliterated and economically developed cultures to prosper.” (Issit 1). Although the dominance of English allows for people to speak a common language many can understand, a downside would be losing knowledge of other cultures.
Language can bring people together but can also isolate. The United States is known as a melting pot, not only does that refer to culture but also the many different languages. We know of language barriers, but very seldom do we think of the language barriers within our borders. Even with the language barriers it solidifies the need for a national language, the United States of America should allow the freedom to express one’s culture while maintaining English as our national language, therefore offering common ground to its citizens.
According to the 2011 census, over 20.8 percent of the United States population spoke another language other than English (www.us-english.org). Language barriers, cultural differences, and immigration have been a part of life in the United States for decades. Language is considered a vital tool in the construction of someone’s identity and an expression of culture. In the last 200 years immigrants have chosen to make the United States their home, but some proceeded with caution by slowly adapting to the English language and culture.
In your company, a position that pays a higher salary and has more regular work hours opens up so you decide to apply for the job. Your supervisor tells you that you cannot be considered for the position because although you are fully fluent in English, you have a Vietnamese accent. Instead, another employee who speaks with a British accent is interviewed for the position. In Myriam Marquez’s article “Why and When We Speak Spanish in Public” and Amy Tan’s article “Mother Tongue” we get a taste of what it feels like to be linguistically impaired and discriminated against. Through exploring Tan’s and Marquez’s articles, one can see the importance of learning a certain amount of English so one can get far in life and not be taken advantage of,
According to Hudson, a variety is ‘a set of linguistic items with similar social distribution’ . Since the term dialect has acquired a negative connotation throughout the years, academics have started to use the term variety, which is considered more neutral, instead.
With foreign languages being cast aside as “undesirable,” colonial mentalities are further promoted because of the preferment of English. Overall, colonialism has led indigenous people to accept outside influence and
Therefore, there is the term of world Englishes or new Englishes in many parts of the country. People speak English to communicate because nowadays people around the world travel to one country and another. English has the different dialect, so that is why there are varieties of English. There is inner circle, where most of the populations are monolingual English speakers, expanding circle where the population uses English as an additional language and outer where the population uses both of their national language and English language. In another word, the language of wider communication is English, or it called as lingua franca. Wardhaugh, on his book said that “lingua franca is ‘a language which is used habitually by people whose mother tongues are different in order to facilitate communication between them” (Wardhaugh P.59) Indeed, lingua franca also a linguistic system that can be used as a tool of communication and it can be spoken in a variety of ways. According to the history, the term lingua franca (in Italy means “Frankish Language”), or Sabir (‘to know’) is started from pidgin language in the 14th century. “In some countries, the most useful and widely used lingua franca is an official language or the national language” (holmes, Janet P.84) one of the example is Indonesian
According to Teodorescu (2010), English for Specific Purposes (ESP) came into existence soon after the Second World War as there was a huge expansion of science, technology, and business all over the world and it became essential to have an international language for specialists. Later on, ESP became so popular that it is an important branch of English Language Teaching (ELT). Therefore, ESP which has the subcomponent like English for Science and Technology (EST) and it is further minimized to English for Engineering. Adriana Teodorescu (2010).
It has been adopted by different sectors making it one of the most used languages in the globe. This has been attributed to its effective nature, easy learning and rich history. However, conservative groups exist who argues that there should be global language since it may cause the emergence of superior cultures. Nevertheless, it is evident that different cultures ranging from the early polish immigrants, the African American community, the advertising and media will greatly benefit from the globalization of the English language. This will prove in the end that English is indeed a global
Standardization of the English Language There are several important events before 1500 that, when listed together, show a series of steps in the struggle for English language supremacy. These steps are mainly governmental, legal and official events that pushed English usage. In 1356 The Sheriff's Court in London and Middlesex were conducted in English for the first time. When Parliament opened in 1362 the Statute of Pleading was issued declaring English as a language of the courts as well as of Parliament, but it was not until 1413 that English became the official language of the courts everywhere. Thirteen years later in 1423, Parliament records start being written in English.
In order to visualize the “global” as an adjective in the collocation “global language”, a study has shown the numbers of people speaking the language. According to them, there are about 6000 languages in the world and not surprisingly English is at the top of the list of most dominant. In the world there are 375 million first-language speakers, approximately the same number of second-language speakers and about 750 million foreign-language speakers (David Graddol, The Future of English? A Guide to Forecasting the Popularity of the English Language in the 21st Century. British Council, 1997). According to magazine Economist, more than one billion people speak some form of English. These numbers could make people think that English is really conquering the world which can be both positive and negative.
The unprecedented global spread English has experienced in the last years has paved the way for changes in the sociolinguistic profile of the language. In addition to the fact that new varieties have emerged, the number of functional domains in which English plays a role has increased significantly (Sharma, 2008). Currently, English is not only a tool serving national purposes, but also a language institutionalised in several former British and American colonies, and a lingua franca used worldwide. This phenomenon has raised concern about the classification of World Englishes, as well as, about the need to adapt English Language Teaching (ELT) to the new reality. Assuming Kachru’s Concentric Circles Model, this paper will argue that pedagogies based on English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) would be more consistent with the functions of English in Expanding-circle countries than native-centered teaching methods. With this objective, this essay will first give an overview of Kachru’s model, secondly, it will consider the implications ELF methodologies have for classroom practices, and, finally, the advantages and drawbacks of such a pedagogy will be evaluated.
These days the world has become one village (Atcham, 1962). It is easy to communicate with any person, company no matter where their locality is and at any time in the many linguistic and it can be relating financials, politics, and culture. For instance, make directly contact to others through internet using international language.
English spreads widely in each countries, no matter the area of region or information transfer, English becomes an important position in global language. As the specification of a global language, it essentially refers to a language that learned and spoken internationally, so English can be the most out-standing. According to the number of English-speaking calculations, English is the official language used by most countries, English is the most widely used second language in the world, and the percentage of web pages with English content is estimated to be over 50% (Crystal, 2003). Meanwhile, the history and usefulness cause English to be a global language, and they mainly influence to spread English faster in China and to bring convenience