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Three periods of American policing
Historical eras in american policing
Three periods of American policing
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Every police force around the world is different from each other, simply because each notation needs its police force for something different. In the United States the police force was not needed in the being of the nation because most people lives on farms. However, as the population grows in the nation so did the need for protection within growing city limits. In the 21st century, broadcasting media has grown to become a major impact on how America views the tactics of the police force. Within the American Nation the Department of Justice plays a key role in the function of the American police. However, international the United Nations, which was formed when World War Two was end in 1945, 51 nations comes together to form the United Nations, …show more content…
The United States has backed many of the laws and ideas of the United Nations in past 70 years. When looking at whether or not the United States police are violating any international laws, one needs to keep in mind a few key important information. The police force was not created when our founding fathers created the Constitution or the Bill of Rights or the Supreme Court. The police force was created years after the nation was formed. When looking into the question on if the United States force is violating any international laws, one needs to keep in mind role of the constitution, bill of rights, and Supreme Court cases and laws play into the powers of the police force. The legal structure of the United States of America is important to the question because the way the police force contacts it self everyday because the officers needs to be aware of the laws in order to better conduct their jobs. All the Amendments are important in the way the United States is run. However, the first two Amendments are important for this paper. They are important because they lay out the freedom of speech and the right to bear arms. The police force was not created by the constitution by local state governments. These local governments create the police force in hopes to protect those citizens who call the city
However, after reading the article the author noted that police are mandated to enforce civilian law and order, investigate crimes, and strictly follow legal procedures even when in pursuit of chronic and dangerous criminals (Kagoro, 2014). Ideally, it has been argued, there should be strict dividing lines between the police and the military; the former for domestic purposes with the latter protecting citizens from external threats (Kagoro, 2014). In his article on the anti-militarization of the police in the United States, Kurt Andrew Schlichter aptly put it that the military is designed, organized, and equipped to execute rapid, violent and efficient obliteration of the “enemy”-whoever the enemy may be ( Kagoro, 2014). However, the law enforcement is usually modeled after the military and in fact there a large number of police officers who are former military personnel. This was a new criticism of police that was unfamiliar to me in the study of criminal justice but, I found it to be a valid point. The idea of changing the focus of policing to be less of a battlefield and more of a community may be a compelling approach to make interaction with citizens less
Schrader. E. (2003, June 28). US push for global police force. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 11, 2009, from
In conclusion, police agencies in the United States have mainly developed based on policing in England with regards to nature and structure. Notably, this development has also been fueled by changes that have taken place in the society from time to time. Currently, there are more than 15,000 police agencies in America in different jurisdictions and different roles.
As expected, the police force is the main arm entrusted with the powers to ensure peace, order, and justice in society. For this very reason, the police need to maintain a high sense of respect and hesitation of law and policies that defend the wellbeing of the citizens and a country in general. However, when the police misbehave in a way that makes the normal citizen realize that the police broke the law, the citizens are most likely to reduce their cooperative behaviors towards the police (Harris, 2009, p.26). Because of this, the conflict between citizens and police officers hinders the officers’ ability to do their job to their full potential. In the United States, one of the most prominent police misconducts is the use of excessive force in handling citizens (Micucci & Gomme, 2005, p. 488). The trend has been around in the U.S. for decades now, and
With the current environment of law enforcement and the struggle with trust and legitimacy within communities; police departments are exploring programs that seek to increase police legitimacy. The You Have Options program is such an example of a program that can build trust and legitimacy with a vulnerable population within communities. Research by Mazerolle et al. (2013) noted that “police legitimacy is thought to be a sure pathway for police to elicit cooperation, obtain compliance and gain satisfaction from the public.” The pathway to promoting legitimacy is through procedural justice where police provide a high quality of treatment, are fair, and make good decisions. The 20 elements of the You Have Options program
Skolnick, J., Fyfe, J. (1993) Above the law: Police and the Excessive use of force. United States: The Free Press
At the time of the nation’s founding in 1776, the decentralization of police power was seen as a safeguard against government oppression and tyranny. Nevertheless, local police departments in the United States of America often used repressive and illegal tactics, particularly against criminals, members of minority groups, immigrants, and others labeled undesirable (Police Brutality).
I have learned that there are more than 18, 000 law enforcement agencies in the United States, most have less than 10 full time sworn police officer. The public are basically only familiar with the more visible roles in the law enforcement such as, Patrol Officer, Detectives, Investigations, Forensics, and Community Relations. In particularly, I have also learned that law enforcement agencies are paramilitary in nature, meaning they are very similar in structure to a military unit. Their jobs titles and ranks are also similar in nature to the military.
Young people and the police have, for many years, experienced a tense and confrontational relationship (Borgquist & Johnson et al., 1995). This has led to a great wealth of literature based upon the notion of police-youth interaction. Much of this literature has tended to focus upon juvenile criminality and the reasons why young people commit such seemingly high levels of crime. Whilst the relationship between young people and the police force has been widely theorised and explained, there is very little literature on juvenile attiudes towards the police. Research that concerns societies attitudes towards the police force tends to focus upon the views and opinions of adults (Hurst and Frank, 2000). In this first section of my literature review I am going to focus upon work that allows us to gain a deeper understanding of why young people are so important when looking at crime. This section will allow us to comprehend the ways in which, literature suggests, young people view the police. This knowledge will provide a basis for my research in which I look more specifically at youth attitudes towards PCSO’s.
every nation in the world belongs to the United Nations. The United Nations has four purposes: to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights; and to be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations.The United Nations is not a world government though,and it does not make laws.
A police officer’s duty is to maintain public order, preventing, and detecting crime. The concept of police officers, also known as cops, and law enforcement has been around ever since the ancient Romans had a theory that an organization of “peacekeepers” would reduce the crime and violence being committed. This theory stuck with society and is still around today. People of law enforcement have a mission when they step into their police car, that mission is to enforce the rules of conduct or law. Of course, accomplishing this mission can be dangerous. Often when a cop leaves his or her house to go to work worries start to set it, such as “will I be coming back home when my day is over” or “will a simple traffic stop go sour and someone ends up dead?” These thoughts are apart of the stress that comes with the job and most people are trained to deal with this stress.
Functionality in a police department is the strong-hold of its operations. All departments must work hand-in-hand in order for the entire operation to be fulfilled. Some departments may have the funds and personnel to function with multiple people with specific tasks as opposed to the small less financially fortunate department. It all comes down to the department’s role in society as it applies to their organization.
Despite the existence of international agreements and laws on state crimes and on the rights of citizens, it is impossible to forget that the states’ sovereignty play a pivotal role in International Law. Acknowledge of international law is a faculty made by each state on their own. Moreover, the US defends jurisprudence made by their own Constitution, so no treaty, convention or agreement comes into play when the US discuses International Law. As many other states, the US believe their sovereignty and jurisdiction is supreme. One example of what I have stated before is the case between The Republic of Nicaragua v. The United States of America from 1986, the US argued that the ICJ had no jurisdiction to rule over them and blocked any ruling of the ICJ in the UN Security Council.
Though dogs are domestic tame animal, they need training. There are some important things for Police Dog Training given in the article. You should be firstly sincere to your dog and love it from your heart. This is the first strategy as human beings and animals always want love. As a pet animal a dog loves and follows its master. So, read the article attentively and to train your dog in the easy way.
Police force has always been an indispensible appendage of the state organization in almost all the civil societies of the world. Of late the duties of