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Mesoamerican culture essay
Inca empire culture
Mesoamerican culture essay
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The Inca civilization stands to be one of the most respected empires in the Mesoamerican era. It occupied approximately 772,204 square miles and 20,000,000 people at that time of its collapse. The Incas are renowned for not just their aptitude in subjects such as mathematics, calendrics, and metal work, but also in other pressing areas such as their strategic military, central economy, and pro-active government. They collectively embody diligence, dexterity, and competence; through these qualities, they are dynamic and productive, and desire to be one with the community they surround themselves in. As such, the Incas would undoubtedly survive in the social and economic climate of the 21st century. The Incas were reputed for delegating tasks …show more content…
They were masters of melding minerals to adorn their beautifully constructed buildings. The Incas were extremely practical in the usage of materials, but very precise in how aesthetically pleasing the architecture should be. They typically used Yucay limestone, green Sacsahuaman diorite porphyry, and black andesite as their base material and sand as their final touch. The site of Machu Picchu exemplifies one of the Inca’s most stable engineered products. They enabled each of their buildings to embody military tactics so that they may be used incase of warfare. The Incas built fortresses on each corner of the civilization, which not only secured them as a group, but also allowed them to strategically organize their army in a very intelligent way. Clearly, the Incas used their craftsmanship as an asset in every respect – a noteworthy quality in the pre-Columbian …show more content…
Their relative success is no mask for the overall collapse of the Incan civilization. The Incas were no match for the organized, strong, and numerous Spanish conquistadors. Also, their very community-oriented civilization led to virtually zero independence for an average Incan. However, their efficiency, which is transparent through their diligence in every aspect of the Incan lifestyle, is truly inspiring. The mere fact that Incan engineers innovatively designed their infrastructure to correctly harmonize with nature instead of forcing against it, puts into perspective how we challenge technological norms in the 21st century. Their willingness to work together and in that, work hard, asks us to genuinely question how important our personal growth is in relation to the collective betterment of society. The Incas were denoted as the more peaceful organizations as well; they were more inclined to participate in negotiations instead of war. In the same way, they were always prepared for battle – each Incan was ready to enter warfare at short notice. The Incas were skillful, talented, and thoughtful; they may have not survived the Spanish conquest, but their character would certainly prevail
This primary source tells the reader a great deal about the Incas. The Incas were extremely wealthy. Most of the document tells the reader about the wealth and riches of the Incas, describing their wealth in depth. Jobs in the Incas’ society included many lavish occupations. “[M]any silversmiths who did nothing but work rich pieces of gold or fair vessels of silver; large garrisons were stationed there, and a steward who was in charge of them all” (Pedro). The Incas were organized and intelligent. Large armies were set up to protect their villages, and they had plenty of silver and gold to experiment with and create new beautiful objects. They used their systems to create a fair,
The Aztec’s and Incas seemed like a very well devoted tribe to one another. Even though they only lived a few thousand miles away from each other and didn’t know about each other they were well known. The artifacts left behind shows that they were very advanced, and the food they ate they knew how to take care of their bodies. The Aztec and Inca’s also knew how to prepare for war also. These two tribes are some of the best warriors known to man.
Inca women autonomy was destroyed by empirical conquest. There was an inherent loss of feminine spirituality with every re-mapping of the empire’s boundaries. They lost their powerful female deities and were repaid with gendered predetermination. Men allowed conquest to detach them from the Inca belief system of balance and equality that pre-dated any need for expansion. Conquest hierarchy was enforced and unquestioned. An all though the Inca political people gained power, they lost social harmony.
The Aztecs and Incas served an important role in the primal Native American civilizations. They were similar and different with the treatment of women, the economy, and intellectual achievements. Economically, both civilizations used trade, tribute, and agriculture to build their economy. However, the Aztecs had a more mixed economy, used trade more frequently than the Incas, and had a merchant class whereas the Incan civilization had more governmental control. Intellectually, both civilizations achieved in fields such as architecture, and art; however, the Incan empire had a wider range of achievements, disregarding their lack of writing. Throughout both civilizations, women had a tough life and were underappreciated but comparing the two, Incan women had it better off due to parallel descent.
The Inca Empire Janos Gyarmati’s Paria la Viexa and an expanding empire: Provincial centers in the political economy of the Inca Empire proved that the Inca’s built an empire unlike any other. From 1440 to 1532 A.D., the Inca Empire dominated the Americas. Known as “the fastest growing and largest territorial empire”(Gyarmati 37) of its time, the Inca Empire left a mark with their complex, perpetual and innovative economic, road, and settlement system. The Inca’s were advanced for their time, however, they lacked a system that would guarantee the survival of their kin. In order to strive, for the long-term, the Inca’s created provincial centers that would ensure their growth and economy for the generations to come.
Two of the biggest and greatest civilization in the Americas were the Aztecs and Incas. These two civilization were both said to be conquered by the Spanish, but it wasn’t just the Spanish who conquered them. These two civilizations both fell from a combination of a weak government, lack of technology, new disease introduced by the invaders, and not being prepared for the invaders. For many centuries the Aztec civilization revolved around a ideological, social, and political system in which expansion was the cornerstone. Expansion was the cornerstone of their whole civilization, because their religion requested that a large number of human sacrifices where to be made to the gods.
Stuart, Schwartz B. "World of the Incas, Main Page." World of the Incas, Main Page. History World International, 2002. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. .
The Incas are much more advanced. Labor specialization was common, especially in the large densely populated areas like Cuzco. The Incas made roads, irrigation channels, fortresses, and mines. They used crop rotation, terracing and other advanced agricultural methods. These civilizations had retainers and all had slaves, usually slaves from other villages that they had fought in wars.
The Inca government was one of the most efficient and complex of ancient history, Spanish conquistadors could do nothing but stand in awe while contemplating the complexity in their society. Mostly because Spaniards found many tangible resemblances between Spain's monarchy and the structural hierarchy in which the “antiquated” Incan Empire revolted around. The Incas consolidated a strong Empire based on coercion and rewards over conquered tribes that served a centralized power in Tahuantinsuyo. They were maintained in check through appointed representatives and tax collectors who were empowered to carry out punishment for crimes,
The Aztec Empire stood for many years but never expanded much, only conquering small neighboring civilizations. The Aztec Empire was founded in the 6th century and didn’t fall until 1525. The Inca Civilization was a bit different. The Inca Civilization conquered as many lands that it could but quickly fell after just 100 years. In this essay I will be comparing the government, economics, and culture in the Aztec Civilizationand the Inca Empire.
In this essay I will tell how the Aztec and Inca empires ended, and also I will compare the fall of both empires, using for a point of departure the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the land of Mexico. Wherever the Spanish went always the same thing happened, from my point of view. Innocent people were killed for no good reason, cities were massacred, civilizations were destroyed or forced to convert to Christianity. And so, I think now is the time to reevaluate the actions of the European explorers who subjugated the native American peoples and their civilizations. Undoubtedly the most glorified and heroically portrayed of these figures of the European conquest of the New World were the conquistadors, the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16-th century. These men, under leaders such as Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizzaro nearly eliminated the Aztec and Inca peoples. Surely many of these soldiers were extremely cruel and intolerant of the native populations. But it is important to consider, with the push of both sides toward territorial expansion, how these groups (European and American) could remain isolated from each other. Furthermore, with meeting of these two imperialist cultures, it must be considered whether it would be possible for the two to peacefully coexist.
One way the Incas overcame many environmental challenges is the Incas built bridges. They built bridges so it would be easier to travel and bring stuff from place to place. They also built roads to travel as well. Another way the Incas overcame many environmental challenges is making terrace farms. The Incas couldn’t plant anything because of the geography and the climate of where they live. The Incas then discovered and created terrace farming, which is flat steps cut into sides of hills or mountains, and they tested it. The Incas also discovered they can grow potatoes, maize, squash, and more after creating terrace farming. One last way the Incas overcame many environmental challenges is and messengers to communicate. The Incas built bridges and roads and it became very useful when sending messages. The Incas then realized that now that they have roads and bridges to travel, they need to figure out a way to send messages somehow. They then developed a system, using the roads and bridges, and they hired government messengers to travel to give the message to a person. It's similar to the mail system we use today. This system helped keep invaders out and control the amount of goods for their economy. Those are the ways the Incas overcame environmental
Although covered in dense bush, it had many agricultural terraces that were sufficient enough to feed the population. Due to water from the natural springs as well as the agricultural terraces, it had the ability to be self-contained. Machu Picchu was created by the Inca culture for the purpose of religious observance. In order to build this city, the Incans used stone tools, bronze tools, and chisels. The materials they used were mud, clay, adobe, and granite blocks.
Again, such feats can not be achieved by uncivilized people; it takes a great deal of dedicated and strong individuals in order to accomplish what they did. For example, the Inca was perhaps the strongest of all Pre Columbian empires; as they managed to claim a great deal of the the west south American coast. In fact, “The expansion of the Inca state was accomplished by a large and well-organized military, and the empire was held together by a remarkable system of roads running north and south both along the coast and in the mountains.”
It was fascinating to see how geography can cause such major disadvantages to the Incas. They never had the opportunity to grow resistance to diseases and were isolated from others, preventing efficient growth. You mention how the Europeans ability to survive these diseases contributed to their privilege. I agree with this as it was a pivotal time for them. It’s one of the moments where they began to perceive themselves as superior to others. Consequently, this led them to view others of being inferior, when in reality the only difference between them was the geographical advantage Eurasia had. Reverse racism isn’t possible because of how the perpetrator needs to be in a position of power in order to discriminate against someone. Minorities