18 April 1942 was the first Air Raid on the Japanese mainland. The air raid in Japan would boost morale and count as a strategic victory for America, even though it inflicted minimal damage on Japan compared to later raids of World War II. The 18th of April was the Doolittle Raid. The Doolittle Raid targeted crucial military power and industrial factories. American forces specifically targeted military powers and industrial factories because they supported the Imperial Army. The Japanese Forces would be impaired if these forces were eliminated. Lieutenant Colonel (at the time) James “Jimmy” H. Doolittle was crucial to the raid on Tokyo, Japan. Before returning home, General Doolittle convinced himself he was a failure, but he made a large strategic …show more content…
impact on the war and was successful. There can only be success at the strategic level of war if there is operational success. James “Jimmy” H. Doolittle proved he was a crucial member of the Army Air Corp and eventually as an operational commander. General Doolittle was given command of the Eighth Air Force in 1944 (Keegan 45). The Eighth Air Force was assigned to aid the combined bomber offensive and precision bombing in Europe and the planned invasion of North Africa. General Eaker directed Doolittle during this time period (Encyclopedia.com). This form of strategic bombing operated from June of 1943 to April of 1944 it was “around the Clock’ offensives… RAF by night, USAAF by day..” (HISTORY). The purpose of this was to prevent Germany from recovering in between attacks. The combined bomber offensive and precision bombing was effective due to the 2,000 four engine bombers and 1,000 fighters which were part of the command. General Ira C. Eaker commanded the Eighth Air Force before Doolittle. Eaker responded well to the tasks given to the Eighth Air Force. He was responsible for many of the successes the Eighth Air Force had such as the destruction of German defenses and the ‘Mediterranean Wall’ (Keegan 47). He advocated precision and daylight bombing, proposing to combat Germany’s will to fight by removing industrial targets. Many were skeptical of this idea, including Winston Churchill, but Eaker convinced him, “"If the RAF continues night bombing and we bomb by day, we shall bomb them round the clock and the devil shall get no rest” (Life), but the German forces defended well and damaged the U.S. forces. Eaker’s proposed plan, YB-40, had failed and General Henry H. Arnold lost confidence in him. When General Eisenhower was named Supreme Allied Commander he encouraged existing members to take leadership positions. He suggested Doolittle take command of the Eighth Air Force after Eaker was reassigned to the Mediterranean Allied Forces as Commander-in-Chief. Doolittle’s flying career began early.
During WWI he chose to become a flying cadet in the Army signal corps and commissioned as a second lieutenant (Patterson). He was also a member of Billy Mitchell’s bombing crew that proved importance of air strikes. In September of 1922 he completed the first of many pioneering flights (Patterson). These flights earned him credibility and gave him the experience he would later need for future bombings in Tokyo and Berlin. Doolittle created a name for himself internationally and collected many trophies for his accomplishments, including the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Harmon trophy (for the first flight using only instruments). After the bombing at Pearl Harbor, General Arnold allowed Doolittle to lead the Tokyo raid; Doolittle hand-picked his crew and prepared them with “detailed planning, training, and rehearsals” (Donley). In 1942, Doolittle was promoted to Brigadier General when he led the first carrier based bombing on Japan. These accomplishments led Doolittle to success commanding at the operational level. Doolittle was selected to lead at the operational level because of his success in Japan and his prior experience. The Tokyo raid was successful because of Joint cooperation, a reduction of the Imperial troops, and elevated morale for the Allies (Donley). The raid Doolittle led “on the Japan homeland lured [Japan] into withholding forces for the defense of Japan and thereby overextending themselves in the Battle of Midway where the Navy would hand them a significant defeat” (Donley). Because he worked with the Navy, Doolittle successfully planned an attack that would defeat the Japanese. He also had experience commanding air units in Europe under Eisenhower. He proved early on in his career that he understood risk management which is crucial to an operational commander (Donley). His history of success and understanding of warfare were factors in his promotion to an operational
commander. While commanding at the operational level Doolittle was given command of the Eighth, Twelfth, and the Fifteenth Air Force Commands. The Eighth Air Force command was already seeing success from current Commander Ira Eaker, but Doolittle surpassed him. Some of his major successes include the first American bombing of Berlin, the bombing campaigns against Germany’s oil industry and transportation, and the destruction of Germany’s Air Corps, the Luftwaffe (Encyclopedia.com). While Doolittle was in command of the Twelfth Air Force Command, it saw success in North Africa. He led the Fifteenth Air Force Command during the Mediterranean campaigns of 1943 (Encyclopedia.com). James “Jimmy” H. Doolittle was a crucial member of World War II due to his success as an operational commander. Doolittle surpassed General Eaker’s accomplishments and had numerous successful bombing campaigns. The success that Doolittle had while commanding the Eighth Air Force demonstrates his proficiency to lead as an operational commander.
Many have heard of the Tuskegee Airmen and their accomplishments. They were a group of African American fighter pilots. They proved to be quite vital to the success of World War II. What many people may not know is the Tuskegee Airmen had several squadrons which fought throughout Europe during the war. The most famous squadron was the 332nd fighter squadron, they were commonly known as the Red Tails. Charles McGee was among those men apart of the Red Tail squadron. Charles McGee is one of most notable men in the Red Tails due to his accomplishments throughout the war. I will be explaining his life and all of his accomplishments throughout this paper on famous individuals in aviation.
This paper will examine how a unwavering adversary and difficult terrain combined to negate the effects of American technology. The Battle of Hamburger Hill was a battle of the Vietnam War which was fought by the United States and South Vietnam against North Vietnamese Forces from May 10–20, 1969. The battle took place on Ap Bia Mountain in the rugged, jungle-shrouded mountains along the Laotian border of South Vietnam. Ap Bia Mountain anchors the northwest corner of South Viet Nam's A Shau Valley. The valley has been a major infiltration route for Communist Forces from the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos to the coastal cities of Northern I Corps since1966. Ap Bia Mountain dominates the northern valley, towering some 937 meters. Official histories of the engagement refer to it as Hill 937. The American Soldiers who fought there dubbed it "Hamburger Hill", suggesting that those who fought on the hill were "chewed up like a hamburger" (E-History, 2012).
Few, when writing about the American Revolution, list the Battle of Monmouth among the significant battles. It was hardly a bloody battle, with only about seven-hundred total casualties. It was not a decisive battle, it was not a battle in which we gained or lost a key position, and it was not a battle in which we point to as an example of how to conduct an engagement. In fact, it was not a battle in which one can say that the Revolutionaries truly won. Yet, with all this, it was probably the battle that turned the tide of the Revolutionary War. "Beneath a blazing sun at Monmouth Courthouse, it was shown to the rest of the Continental Army that the training of Freidrich Von Stueben had, indeed, paid off. Here, Revolutionists stood toe to toe with the greatest Army in the world, and drove them off the field." Heroes were made here, such as the famous Molly Hays McCauly , better known as Molly Pitcher. In truth, and in accordance with legend, she took up her husband's place at his cannon on Comb's Hill after he had fallen. Another legend that began here was the insanely courageous moves of General "Mad" Anthony Wayne. His hold against the Grenadiers earned him this nickname, which stuck until his death . Truly, this battle sent a rejuvenated spirit across the entire Continental Army. Contrary to popular belief, they could beat the British regulars. This would no longer be by some fluke, or by poor commanding on the British side, but by the excellent fighting that had been instilled on them during the harsh winter at Valley Forge.
Operational leaders see how the individual components of an organization fit together and use those individuals work to make a larger outcome. When they focus on a problem, they think of what works best within the process and systems to make an impact on the situation. These types of leaders play a big part in making sure that things get done in an effective and functioning manner. According to the Army Doctrine ADP 6-0, the Army over time has strayed away from operational leaders and adapted Mission Command, which gives leaders the ability at the lowest level the capability to exercise disciplined initiative in an act of carrying out the larger mission . Mission Command is made up of the following six steps: Understanding, Visualize, Describe, Direct, Lead and Assess, in which a commander is responsible for. General Patton understood the intent of the Battle of the Bulge on different levels, he was able to form a mental image for the course of actions for the allies, enemies and lead his Army into combat while guiding his officers and soldiers to succeed in meeting his intent. The Battle of the Bulge is where General Patton gained one of his greatest military achievements by using his tactical leadership and logistical genius, which in return helped him turn around the main forces and forced the Germans to drive back in their final counter-offensive. General Patton strongly exercised Mission Command by understanding, visualizing, leading, and commanding what was known as the largest and bloodiest battle during World War II.
... middle of paper ... ... The lives lost in every battle in World War II were significant, thus the Doolittle Raid was significant. Works Cited Answers.com.
Abolitionism quickly gained popularity since 1821 when William Lloyd Garrison assisted in writing an anti-slavery newspaper, The Genius of Universal Emancipation, with Benjamin Lundy. In 1831, abolitionism continued to grow in popularity when William Lloyd Garrison started The Liberator. Although there remained not a need for slaves in the North, slavery remained very big in the South for growing “cash crops.” The majority of the abolitionists who inhabited the North organized speeches, meetings, and newspapers to spread their cause. Initially, only small revolts and fights occurred. However, major events along the way led to the Harpers Ferry Raid. For example, with Kansas choosing whether or not to become a free or slave state. That became the biggest event up until John Brown’s Raid. John Brown had always despised slavery, and this enhanced his chance as an organized revolt. The effect of his raid on Harpers Ferry affected what the South thought about abolitionists and the power that they held.
Canadians who had been itching to get into action for two years, were flung into battle ill-prepared and
General Hideki Tojo was the Premiere of Japan. He and other Japanese leaders did not like the fact that Americans were sending war supplies to China and other countries in Asia. A surprise attack was ordered by Japan on December 7, 1941. The target was the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. 360 planes bombed the naval base killing about 3,000 people and destroying many warships, aircraft carriers, and submarines. This was a catalyst that brought the United States into World War II.
The Battle of Normandy was a turning point in World War II. Canada, America, and Great Britain arrived at the beaches of Normandy and their main objective was to push the Nazi’s out of France. The Invasion at Normandy by the Allied Powers winning this battle lead to the liberation of France and Western Europe. Most importantly Hitler’s was being attacked from both the eastern and western front, and caused him to lose power. If the Allied Powers did not succeed in D-Day Hitler would’ve taken over all of Europe.In a document written by General Dwight Eisenhower he persuades the allied powers to invade Normandy. Dwight Eisenhower was born on October 14, 1890. Eisenhower became the 34th president of the United States. He served as the president from January 20, 1953 through January 20, 1961. Before his presidency Dwight participated in World War I and was moved up to captain. Dwight would then take part in World War II and work his way up to becoming a General.
On October 9, 1781, General George Washington surrounded General Lord Charles Cornwallis at the Virginia port city of Yorktown with 8,500 American soldiers and around 10,000 French soldiers. The bruised up British army contained only around 8,000 soldiers. The Siege of Yorktown lasted eight days, and Cornwallis had to surrender to American forces. The British loss crushed their southern army and forced them to give up on the war. The surrender of Yorktown could easily be one of the greatest moments in American history. Not only did the surrender signal the end of the war, but it also signaled that independence had been won by the colonies. No longer would the colonies have to answer to Great Britain and the tyrants that ruled it.
Even before the battle started, America saw his attack coming. Japan had bombed the Dutch harbor in Alaska on the days of June 3rd and 4th. Japan landed there instead of on the islands of Attu and Kiska, in fear the United States might be there. There attacks failed when the plan to get the American fleet from Midway to aid the freshly bombed Dutch harbor. At 0900 hours an American patrol boat spotted the Japanese fleet seven hundred miles from Midway. At that point admiral Soroku Yamamoto’s plans of a sneak attack were over. Admiral fletcher commanded the U.S.S. Yorktown before it was sunk by the Japanese. Then at 0750, japan spots nine enemy (American) planes fifteen miles out. Tones, a Japanese cruiser, opened fire on the American pilots. Almost instantly if an American bomber plane were hit it would explode and go down. The bombers dropped their torpedoes to far from their targets, so the torpedoes didn’t land a single blow to Japan. At 1040 japan sent from Hiryu,...
The Revolutionary War started in 1775. The American colonies have had enough of the British occupants and set their foot down in pursuit to freedom and independence. Each battle that happened during the Revolutionary War had its own significance and contributions to the independence of the colonies. Many brave men laid their lives in pursuit of the dream of independence from British control. One particular battle paved the way for that independence to become a reality. That battle is known as the Battle of Yorktown. The Battle of Yorktown took place in what we know today as Virginia. It was a decisive battle that turned the table during the Revolutionary War. The battle ultimately led to the liberty of the American Colonies from the British. The strategy and scheme of maneuver from the American and French soldiers on the lands of Virginia were risky yet impressive. General George Washington and his French counterpart Lieutenant General de Rochambeau were able to take an offensive to General Cornwallis in Virginia. Those actions gave General Washington the advantage to turn the tide of the war.
However, in the preceeding month of September of 1863, Ben Hall, Johnny Gilbert, John O’Meally, John Vane and Mickey Burke had appeared at the small hamlet of Canowindra, a town that consisted of an assortment of sparse wooden buildings, including a butcher’s shop and a blacksmith situated not far from the then ford across the Belubula River, where the current John Grant bridge is today. Canowindra during this period had one substantial brick building that was built by a Mr. Collits, an extensive landholder and business man of the district and the building was rented to Mr. Pearce who operated as a General Store. The hotel patronized by the gang for the festivities during the September raid was also owned by Mr. Collits and was known as the
At almost eight o’clock in the morning in the island of Oahu, Hawaii the day of Infamy began. December 7th, 1941 was one of the most devastating attacks on American soil. The day of Infamy, or more commonly known as Pearl Harbor, was an attack on American soil from the Imperial Army. This attack was the final burst of the tension that had been built up between the United States and Japan. To understand the tragic attack it is important to understand the events leading up to it. The United States unrest with Japan started in 1937 through the invasion of Manchuria which began the Second Sino-Japanese War. Japan launched a full scale invasion of the Republic of China. The tension between Franklin D Roosevelt and Japan was initiated with
By the year 1857 the British had established complete political control of India. As Western education was introduced and missionaries eroded Hindu society resentment among Indian people grew and it was joined by unease among the old governing class when the British decided to formally abolish the Mughal Empire.