Modern civilisation is much dependent on software ranging from ordinary users to business empires. Given this reality, the quality of software really matters. As it is widely used and so important, low- quality software is not acceptable. But what exactly is software quality? Software quality is overused and vague in software engineering. It comprises all stakeholder needs and perspectives connecting to the software to be delivered. I.e., the degree to which software meets agreed functional and non-functional requirements such as performance, consistency, usability, reliability among others which are subjective to different users. To overcome this ambiguity, software quality measurement techniques expressed in terms of metrics are used. This …show more content…
usability). Software Quality Attributes and Metrics: For any business which is dependent on software to operate and evolve as required, a long list of quality attributes are required. The list seems to be long, but each quality factor is vital. The choice of Quality attributes will depend on the software project context. Quality attributes can be external or internal. • External: Derived from the relationship between the environment and the system (or the process). e.g. Reliability, Robustness • Internal: Derived immediately from the product or process description. e.g. Efficiency Maintainability It is the measure to which changes can be brought to an existing system after its initial release. Having looked into the system, duplication of codes is one of the main reason LMS has high numbers of line of codes. Statements for database connection and filling list views are repeated more than 40 times. These could have been placed into separate modules and access them using parameterized SQL queries or stored procedures. Due to lack of modularity, modification of codes becomes hectic to maintain as changes have to be made in several places which becomes a time-consuming process. …show more content…
Low quality software is never productive. For instance, more reworks on the system means delaying the delivery at the client’s place and hence causing customer dissatisfaction. Software design and complexity metrics User acceptance tests are performed by end users. However quality is not only visible from user’s point of view but also the programmers, testers and the environment in which the software will operate. Previously absence of bugs in software would mean that the quality is good. For instance, 2 bugs for a program with 1000 LOC per year was a great quality product. Nowadays computing the quality of software is much more than counting bugs. There are no universal definitions of quality since it differs for each project and each person. However there are quality models to provide an estimate about the software quality. Nevertheless they are also not globally implemented since each company put emphasis on specific quality factors from the models and given different weights. Number of source lines of code (LOC) Boehm, in 1981, defines LOC by counting the readable lines including executable codes, data definitions and comments. LOC
According to Merriam-Webster, quality is defined as how good or bad something is. This applies to all things such as a computer, food, and even life. However, Pirsig goes beyond the superficial and explores the true meaning of Quality.
Generally, the software projects that failed are evaluated in terms of cost, time, human resources (employees involved in project), Objectives caused to start a project have to be changed. The failure of the software projects may happen at any level sometimes at designing phase, requirements phase, etc. Many researchers, summarized that the main reasons for projects failures are:
If given a chance to do things differently, we would first include the additional factors stated above as part of the evaluation criteria of the software providers. Also, as a last step to the process, instead of only relying on the demo by the providers, we would include a ‘pilot project implementation’ stage, where the provider integrates a piece of software to the existing architecture to be used by end users in production on a daily basis. This can provide a real test of usability, compatibility and can be used to evaluate critical measures such as fault tolerance.
quality we can predicate from it. The systems that fail are those who rely on
No matter where you work , schools , university , hospital , software house all they rely on a one specific thing by which they can judge their progress by getting feedbacks of the peoples. The thing is QUALITY, the most important weapon in any organization to optimize the product.
Building Verses Buying Software applications are powerful tools in the battle to make businesses more efficient and effective. Many have tried to make do with commercial off-the-shelf software (COTS), only to find that their specific needs demanded professionally developed software. Others insist on reinventing the wheel by developing software in areas where vendors are offering an already mature, reliable and relatively cheap version to buy. There are some significant advantages to building-it-yourself software and systems.
1.0 IntroductionIn this report I will be concentrating on the failure of software systems. To understand why software systems fail we need to understand what are software systems. Software systems are a type of information system. This is because a software system is basically a means for hardware to process information. Flynn’s definition of an information system is:"An information system provides procedures to record and make available information, concerning part of an organization, to assist organization-related activities."Humans have been processing information manually for thousands of years, but with the vast increase of demand for knowledge this century has meant that a new method of information processing has been needed. Software systems have provided a new means that is much faster and efficient.
The Ada language is the result of the most extensive and most expensive language design effort ever undertaken. The United States Department of Defense (DoD) was concerned in the 1970¡¦s by the number of different programming languages being used for its projects, some of which were proprietary and/or obsolete. Up until 1974, half of the applications at the DoD were embedded systems. An embedded system is one where the computer hardware is embedded in the device it controls. More than 450 programming languages were used to implement different DoD projects, and none of them were standardized. As a result of this, software was rarely reused. For these reasons, the Army, Navy, and Air Force proposed to develop a high-level language for embedded systems (The Ada Programming Language). In 1975 the Higher Order Language Working Group (HOLWG) was formed with the intent of reducing this number by finding or creating a programming language generally suitable for the department's requirements.
Early fixing of errors not only helps save cost but also helps in mitigating the various risks associated with software development and it also helps in improving and monitoring quality of the system etc. It has been proven that the cost to identify and mitigate the errors in the early stages of development of a software will be hundred times less than the cost of removing an error in the software system that has been distributed among hundreds of
Our aim is to monitor the risks areas for early detection of errors and also to ensure the management awareness of risks. The main objectives is to generate accurate estimates for modifying and integrating existing software and thereby developing the software at the expected productivity rate. The project will also look into the ability to estimate the proper size of the software development and integration effort where the known state of the software level requirements are collected at the time of estimate. The objective also includes the ability to effectively manage the requirements and changes which will result in software size growth. This will adversely affect the scheduled
Quality is one of the most important components of application development and an integral part of the project process to ensure that errors are not made while
Introduction Effectively integrating information technology (IT) into an organization’s business processes is critical if the organization wants to increase productivity and remain profitable. IT includes items such as the systems software, application software, computer hardware, and the networks and databases that help manage the organization’s information. When implementing quality standards and processes that are forever changing in the IT world, organizations must balance these changes while continuing to rapidly implement new systems technologies in order to stay competitive. Quality improvements in IT delivery and service support can be improved by measuring and tracking user satisfaction, integration and flexibility early on in the decision process and reinforcing them throughout the review process. Adhering to quality management best practices means ensuring that quality standards are strictly enforced and entrenched into the organization’s philosophy.
Quality is a very important thing in an organization; therefore it is not possible to improve the quality of a product or service substantially without major changes in all aspects of the organization. Because quality is so important if changes aren’t made throughout the organization the output of the product will no be very successful. Everyone in the organization plays a major role in the out come of its products.
Quality is a word which has been used for a very long time, lots of books have been written about it, and many of the world's scientists have defined it in many different ways. In this research paper, I will emphasise the Quality Management System, why is it important? What is it used for? What is the importance of having a Quality Management System? Many people think implementing QMS costs a lot and all the benefit is a piece of paper which says that your company is certified in having QMS.
Software engineering was suggested at a NATO conference in 1968 to talk about the software crisis. “Software crisis” was the name give to problems encountered in the development of large and complex systems . In the early 1970s, notions of structured programming started coming up. In the late 1970s, early