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Social media and its negative effects on self - esteem
Social media impact on self esteem research paper
Social media and its negative effects on self - esteem
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Kazuki Nakanishi
Writing level9,4
SNS and Mental Health Why does social networking sites (SNS) become the huge place where people can communicate each other? Among many SNS, Facebook, whose number of users surpasses the most populous country China, is the most popular and fashionable SNS all over the world, and it enables people to communicate others easily and instantly (King, 2016). In the previous era of advent technology, the most part of communication had done with face-to-face ; however, as time goes on, communication style has moved from face-to-face to SNS. Nonetheless, more and more people utilize the SNS to communicate other people, some researcher described that SNS is associated with mental health. In the Behavior & Social Networking
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Igor V. Pantic indicated that SNS can have a positive effect on self-esteem due to two theory in his article. At first, he pointed out that self-esteem is strongly connected to mental illnesses such as eating disorders, depression, and then the SNS has positive effects on self-esteem. Self-esteem means the confidence or belief in your own value and ability, and according to Prentice 's research, there are two reasons why SNS can have a good influence on self-esteem. He maintained that self-awareness theory can be one of the factors to improve self-esteem. Self-awareness theory means that when people focus on their behavior or appearances, they can evaluate themselves and it enhances self-esteem because the self becomes the object much more instead of the subject. Most Facebook users perceive their profile page or photos every day, which enhances their awareness of the self and improves their self-esteem. The second reason which he explained was the hyperpersonal model. This model emphasizes the advantage of SNS communication over traditional face-to-face communication from the viewpoint of users being able to take advantage of self-presentation to other Facebook users much more easily and efficiently. Facebook users can share their experience and story to everyone anytime throughout profile and post, which facilitates their communication and leads to increase …show more content…
“The impulsive system can be thought of as a car’s accelerator, while the inhibitory system can be likened to a brake,” explained Professor Ofir Turel of California State University.
Objective self-awareness theory has undergone fundamental changes in the 3 decades since Duval and Wicklund 's (1972) original formulation. We review new evidence that bears on the basic tenets of the theory. Many of the assumptions of self-awareness theory require revision, particularly how expectancies influence approach and avoidance of self-standard discrepancies; the nature of standards, especially when they are changed; and the role of causal attribution in directing discrepancy reduction. However, several unresolved conceptual issues remain; future theoretical and empirical directions are discussed.
One day recently, Cynthia Newton 's 12-year-old daughter asked her for help with homework, but Newton didn 't want to help her, because she was too busy on Facebook. So her daughter went upstairs to her room and sent an e-mail asking her for help, but Newton didn 't see the e-mail, because, well, she was too busy on
Higgins, Tory. “Self-Discrepancy Theory: What Patterns of Self-Beliefs Cause People to Suffer?”(1989). Advances in Experimental Social psychology, Vol.22 (1989):93-136. Academic Press Inc.
"To be self aware is to be conscious of one's character, including beliefs, values, qualities, strengths and limitation. It is about knowing oneself" (Burnard 1992).
Sanja Kapidzic, author of “Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, from the Institut fur Kommunikationswisschenschaft und Medienforschung in Munchen, Germany, discusses a study regarding the correlation between narcissism and the personalization of online profile portrayal. In this study titled “Narcissism as a Predictor of Motivations Behind Facebook Profile Picture Selection,” Sanja Kapidzic focuses his research on the relationship between narcissism and the motivation behind self-presentation through profile pictures. By definition, narcissism is “the pursuit of gratification from vanity and egotistic admiration of one's own physical or mental attributes that derive from arrogant pride.” In relation to the study, narcissism relates to the online self-presentation of individuals with constant status updates or the display of self-promoting pictures pieces of media. Social networking sites allow narcissistic individuals the platform to present their prof...
The University of Salford in the UK did a study last year on social media’s effects on self-esteem and anxiety, and reported that 50% of their 298 participants said that their “use of social networks like Facebook and Twitter makes their lives worse”. (Medical Daily) The study also reported that participants said ...
In particular, interest over whether people who use SNSs have higher levels of Narcissism than non-users of such sites. Two reasons have been discovered as to why people who use SNS may have higher levels of Narcissism than non-users. Firstly, Narcissism is strongly associated with forming relationships as an opportunity for self-enhancement (Buffardi & Campbell, 2008). Online communities, like Facebook and Twitter, encourage self-absorbed behaviour as they are built on superficial ‘friendships’ and often are used to maintain large numbers of relationships rather than deeper relationships. This allows Narcissists to maintain large numbers of shallow relationships, which constantly affirms their Narcissistic esteem (Buffardi & Campbell, 2008). Secondly, these sites offer a highly controlled environment, providing owners with complete power over self-presentation (Mehdizadeh, 2010). This provides an ideal setting for the owner to manage the impression they portray to others and create their “hoped-for possible selves” (Mehdizadeh, 2010). In particular, SNSs can be used to only share attractive photos of oneself or writing posts that are self-promoting, creating a biased impression of themselves (Ryan & Xenos,
will act to maintain his or her self-image regardless of whether it is high or low.” (Greene & Frandsen, 1979, p. 124) Self-esteem is important in social situations; it can help a person have
...nd/or social anxiety) are said to benefit from the use of social network sites because it provides a distinct medium for them to develop social relationships they would otherwise be reluctant to and, thus, a sense of social connectedness and support (Grieve et al., 2013; Indian & Grieve, 2014). Furthermore, the Internet-enhanced self-disclosure hypothesis by Valkenburg and Peter (2009), which was tested and supported, claims that the use of social network sites for online communication indirectly promotes psychological well-being by allowing individuals to self-disclose intimate information with existing friends that they otherwise wouldn’t do in face-to-face interaction. This increase in online self-disclosure has been found to enhance relationship quality, and these high quality relationships ultimately promote psychological well-being (Valkenburg & Peter, 2009).
It includes the facts that extensive use of social networking sites weakens the bonding of existing close family and friends and brings increased feelings of depression and loneliness consequently, according to Dr. Pantic’s study, and the research findings of Dr. Baek that the parasocial relationships are harmful to psychological health. What’s more, there are researches finding of Dr. Wenhong Chen and Kye-Hyoung Lee that the social networking sites bring negative effects on mental health due to the overload communications such as sharing, liking, and commenting, while reducing self-esteem in a two-step pathway. On the other hand, according to the research of Arkaitz Zubiaga, the social media not only allows news organizations and journalists to post stories, but also let ordinary people to post their own opinions, which makes it vulnerable to the rumor spreading, and as the consequence, cyberbullying is more likely to happen in this circumstance. Moreover, Dr. Runions’ article illustrates that the online social networking providing the mechanism of moral disengagement, which facilitates cyber-aggression and cyberbullying. In summary, based these resources, I have found the information on how social media affects people’s psychological well-being through decreasing the real-life interactions of friends, which reduces the intimacy of people’s relationships, and the information of
This level of self awareness is gained from a realization that all eventually reach however some chose to acknowledge it while others do not. These people are living in an illusion that they and other humans are important and affect the future which is very far from the truth. I realized this and was able to benefit from it. This realization impacted
Social media is so popular that according to a recent article published by forbes.com, “72% of American adults are currently using social media sites; that figure has gone up 800% in just 8 years”(Olenski). Social networking was originally created to simply reconnect people with old high school pals, but in recent years it has evolved into a completely different operation. When social media first originated it was also intended for adult usage, which has in recent years expanded into the usage of all ages. Social media can create a negative affect on lives because it has been proven to be a dangerous addiction, for it takes away interpersonal relationships that are essential in life, and it has been proven to prevent people from being productive in life.
Social networking can connect strangers across the world. As the evolution of communication continues, technology progresses and social networking grows. Social networks like Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook have grown to have billions of users. In fact, in today’s society, it is necessary or nearly expected to use one, if not all, of these technological communication networks. The increasing use of social networking has had both a negative and positive effect on communication in relationships.
The self-discrepancy theory developed by Edward Higgins states that people have three basic domains of the self: actual, ideal, and ought. Each self can also vary based on its standpoint. The theory describes two different vantage points: own and other. The actual self represents the traits and characteristics that you possess and express in a social environment. The actual self can vary between what you picture yourself as, own viewpoint, and what others close to you picture you as, other viewpoint. Then there is the ideal self, which represents the characteristics and traits you desire, or others wish for you to have. The ought self is the representation of all the attributes you or others believe you should have, such as sense of duty and responsibilities. The ought self can either converge or diverge from the ideal self, depending on the person. There many other theories that develop further selves for various situations such as s...
In this day and age, many individuals simply cannot go without some sort of socialization. Specifically speaking, most participate in online social networking sites. The most popular and used one is commonly known as Facebook. Facebook was created in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg. By 2007, Facebook had over 21 million users, adding up to 1.6 billion page views every single day. The typical user spends over twenty minutes per day on Facebook and two thirds of the users log in every day at least once. It is not questionable as to why many people have a Facebook account. Facebook is generally efficient, easy for socialization, and not difficult to manage. Most organizations are affiliated with Facebook, as “almost 22,000 organizations had Facebook directories,” as of November 2006. A year after that in 2007, Facebook was named the seventh most popular website (Ellison 1). However, with anything well known, many oppose to using Facebook and hold criticism against the popular network. There are many flaws in the website and the relationships it starts online. Facebook is risking dangerous activities, ignoring privacy laws, and demeaning healthy socialization.
“Self-awareness is a psychological state in which people are aware of their traits, feelings and behaviour. Alternatively, it can be defined as the realisation of oneself as an individual entity.” (Crisp & Turner, 2010). In other words, self awareness is recognising one’s personality which includes strengths, weaknesses, thoughts, beliefs and emotions.
One of the main reasons why social media has positively affected our society is because of how it has made communicating with people much easier. “Today, four out of five active internet users maintain at least one social media profile” (Moe, 3). Using these websites, such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and etc., people talk about everything with anyone from what they are planning to do, also what they are eating and much more (Moe, 24). Also we can also send private messages to other users of these websites about personal m...