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Our understanding of the way we think is perhaps one of the most crucial aspects of understanding our own society. It is for this reason that the fields of psychotherapy, psychology, psychiatry, and sociology are so incredibly important. Within these areas of study, the boundaries of normative life must fall away in order for us to truly understand our minds. When there is discrimination in a field as extensive as the understanding of the human psyche, we run the risk of wholly alienating entire segments of the population. Until about the 1980s, there was systematic and overt discrimination against gay members of the psychological field who wanted to either get help, or pursue a career. A major advocate for LGBTQ acceptance into this arena,
Isay began his career believing that the sexuality of a person was ultimately determined by the natural biological condition of it; therein creating space for the conceptualization that gayness is, in fact, a disease to be cured. According to Jay Prosser in Judith Butler: Queer Feminism, Freud’s ideology of sexuality was that, first and foremost it was inherently created by sensation of the body (1998). In this understanding, queer is a learned trait, deriving its basis from bodily experience. Freud was not implying that such a thing should be corrected, but it was nonetheless a projection of the bodily understanding and could therefore be tempered or manipulated. In direct opposition to this idea, Judith Butler’s interpretation reverses the roles altogether, claiming instead that the body and its sensations are shaped by the psyche (1998). This subversion is important, insomuch as it places the epicenter of sexuality foremost, in the human mind. More importantly, this placement eradicates the ability to label sexuality as a lower function of thinking, or an illness to be treated. Isay’s interpretation of gayness as a naturally occurring disposition of sexuality runs concurrently with Butler’s conceptualization of a mentally driven, non-fixable, fluid preference, which finds no room for treatment as an
In an effort to legitimize all subcategories of sexuality considered deviant of heterosexual normatively, queer theory acknowledges nontraditional sexual identities by rejecting the rigid notion of stabilized sexuality. It shares the ideals of gender theory, applying to sexuality the idea that gender is a performative adherence to capitalist structures that inform society of what it means to be male, female, gay, and straight. An individual’s conformity to sexual or gendered expectations indicates both perpetration and victimization of the systemic oppression laid down by patriarchal foundations in the interest of maintaining power within a small group of people. Seeking to deconstruct the absolute nature of binary opposition, queer theory highlights and celebrates literary examples of gray areas specifically regarding sexual orientation, and questions those which solidify heterosexuality as the “norm”, and anything outside of it as the “other”.
Halperin, David. "Is There a History of Sexuality?." The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader. Ed. Henry
In "The Psychogenesis of a Case of Homosexuality in a Woman", Freud discusses a case of a young woman brought to him by her parents for treatment as a homosexual. Although he states that Psychoanalysis is not truly a tool for curing homosexuality, but one to help those with inner conflict in one particular area or another, he attempts to study the girl to see if Psychoanalysis could be of any help to her. Once he realized that the girl had a deep rooted bitterness towards men, he called off his study of her and told her parents that if they were to seek more psychoanalysis for her it should be sought from a woman. Prior to this discovery he found a few things of interest that may have attributed to her choice of sexual object.
It is very reasonable to conclude that research on depression of those who identify as gay, lesbian or transsexual is not accurate; there is an underreporting of people who identify as these sexual orientations because of the fear of being different. It is understood that those apart of the LGBTQ community actively hide their identity in hopes to avoid being rejected or abused (Bird, 2013). Once the reporting issue of having a smaller percentage of the actual representation of the LGBTQ population is put aside, there is evidence that highly suggests that lesbians and gay men are at higher risk for psychiatric disorders than heterosexuals (Cochran, 2001). Even after underreporting, there is still enough information to conclude that sexual discrimination can have harmful effects on the quality of life. Common factors that have been observed in lesbians and gays that can potentially increase depression during Cochran's study are anxiety and mood disorders and decreased self esteem. Cochran and her partner also noted that dissatisfaction with how one is treated beca...
...it is always or only symptomatic of a self-inflicted homophobia. Indeed, a Foucaultian perspective might argue that the affirmation of “homosexuality” is itself an extension of a homophobic discourse." (320/121) As we can see, Judith Butler believes that resistance to identity is a means of resisting power from the outside. Her revision of Foucault comes about as a means to do this as Foucault's notions of power leave no room for resistance from the outside.
There is very little research that has been done in the past on the mental health of LGBT individuals. In 1997 the federal center for Mental Health Services called for information to be compiled on the topic (Lucksted 3). Most of the information came from small publications, grass root information and self-reporting and even this information was incomplete because of the lesser reporting on people of the transgender and bisexual communities. This older report shows what the state of affairs was in ...
“The unprecedented growth of the gay community in recent history has transformed our culture and consciousness, creating radically new possibilities for people to ‘come out’ and live more openly as homosexuals”(Herdt 2). Before the 1969 Stonewall riot in New York, homosexuality was a taboo subject. Research concerning homosexuality emphasized the etiology, treatment, and psychological adjustment of homosexuals. Times have changed since 1969. Homosexuals have gained great attention in arts, entertainment, media, and politics. Yesterday’s research on homosexuality has expanded to include trying to understand the different experiences and situations of homosexuals (Ben-Ari 89-90).
Somerville, Siobhan. "Scientific Racism and the Invention of the Homosexual Body." Gender, Sex, and Sexuality. New York: Oxford University, 2009. 284-99. Print.
As a gay male, I have encountered a numerous amount of situations in my lifetime where i was discriminated against or harassed for my sexuality. However, every instance I have encountered this discriminatory situations, I have gained valuable insight in what it means to not be accepted. Going into a foreign culture, I hope to spread this understanding
Ahmed claims that “Familiarity is what is, as it were, given, and which in being given ‘gives’ the body the capacity to be orientated in this way or in that. The question of orientation becomes, then, a question not only about how we ‘find our way’ but how we come to ‘feel at home’” (7). This is central to the experience of being mixed-race since although we may “feel at home” in certain spaces, the lack of those orientations around “mixed-raceness” causes us to constantly be disoriented. Ahmed herself noticed the pattern: “Wanting to be white for the mixed race child is about the lived experience of not being white even when whiteness is ‘at home’” (146). While disorientation is central to the mixed-race experience and clearly offers a new perspective on racism, this is not isolated to us. Ahmed oversimplified the possibility and the options of queering race, yet there is
Stein, Edward. The Mismeasure of Desire: The Science, Theory, and Ethics of Sexual Orientation. New York, NY: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. 20 Oct. 2011
The sexual orientation of a person has been a critical debate over the past several centuries. For several...
The differences between race and gender are socially constructed. However, not everyone can conform to the same ideas surrounding difference race and gender roles. In Naisargi Dave’s paper on Queer Politics in Contemporary India and Smadar Lavie’s essay on Gender, Race, and Bureaucratic Pain, both authors discuss how people use different forms of agency to gain power in in their society and government. This paper will aim to analyze these papers, as well as to demonstrate the similarities and differences between them.
When one hears the words “LGBT” and “Homosexuality” it often conjures up a mental picture of people fighting for their rights, which were unjustly taken away or even the social emergence of gay culture in the world in the1980s and the discovery of AIDS. However, many people do not know that the history of LGBT people stretches as far back in humanity’s history, and continues in this day and age. Nevertheless, the LGBT community today faces much discrimination and adversity. Many think the problem lies within society itself, and often enough that may be the case. Society holds preconceptions and prejudice of the LGBT community, though not always due to actual hatred of the LGBT community, but rather through lack of knowledge and poor media portrayal.
I was very pleased at the inclusion of the case of Felix (Glassgold, 2009). It was refreshing to see affirmative LGBTQ+ therapy in action as opposed to stated in passing reference. I liked the author’s concise explanation of 1 of the 16 American Psychological Association’s Guidelines for Psychotherapy with Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients (2000) that stated the guidelines encourage therapists to accept client’s “sexual orientation and their same-sex desires and behaviors.” I have attached the revised 2011 guidelines. For over half of the clients I currently see at IHI, disclosure of their orientation has impacted their relationship with their family of origin (covered in Guideline 10). This has varied from being asked not to speak openly about their sexuality to complete disownment or rejection from communities.