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Effects of academic performance
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Adolescence is one of the most fascinating and complex transitions in the life span. Puberty is a period between childhood and adulthood, during which a growth spurt occurs, secondary sexual characteristics appear, fertility is achieved, and psychological changes take place. Puberty occurs at different ages for adolescents. Puberty generally occurs around the age of 9 to 14 for boys and 8 to 13 for girls. However, sometimes puberty occur early for some adolescents which psychologists have characterized as pubertal timing (Dubas, Graber, Peterson, 2014, p. 580). Pubertal timing is whether an adolescent's pubertal task is happening on time, early, or late compared to his or her peers (Dubas, Graber, Peterson, 2014, p. 580). According to some psychologist, adolescents who experience early puberty timing, usually deal with psychological, medical and and academic problems (Mendle, Harden, Brooks-Gunn, Graber, 2010, p. 1341). …show more content…
According to stressful change hypothesis, girls experience great emotional disturbance (Ge, Conger, Elder, 1996, pg. 3387). Girls at puberty become more vulnerable to emotional and behavioral problems (Ge, et at., 1996,, pg. 3387). According to the off-time hypothesis, early and late girls will have more psychological problems than adolescents who are on time (Ge et al, 1996, p. 3387). Psychological problems include depression, anxiety, and eating disorder (Mendle, et, al. 2010, p. 1341). Adolescents who will also have academic; absenteeism, academic difficulties, lack of pursuit of higher and medical; human papillomavirus infection-An infection that causes warts in various parts of the body, depending on the strain- obesity, and teenage pregnancy (Mendle et al, 2010, p.
The teenage year is the time when the body starts producing sex hormones and goes through a major growth spurt. This is the period when
We are introduced to adolescence in the 5th stage of development. Adolescence begins for boys around the age of 14 and continues up until the age of 21 years of age. At this stage of development, there are many changes that occur emotionally, physically, sexually and spiritually (McGoldrick, Carter, & Garcia Preto, 2011). At this time, adolescent kids are going through changes in their body. They are dealing with coming into their own sexuality. Skills pertaining to social skills and social relationships are being developed through experience. Adolescents are also increasing their skills of physical and mental coordination, such as learning about the world and working on their own coordination. Adolescence is also characterized by learning their own identity and where they fit in the world, as well as learning their relationship with peers and those around them. Spiritual identity is also developed along with a deeper understanding of life. Independence is something that is also weighing on the mind of an adolescent. Overall changes in the family structure can also occur when a child of this age reaches this
According to the Child Development Theory of Adolescence regarding physical development, elevated pubertal hormone levels are mildly associated with moodiness. Especially in early adolescence during which teenagers are more unstable, experiencing high levels of stress due to frustration with establishing peer likability, breakups, and enforcing discipline in school environment. During these years of pubertal maturation, Hazel’s social behavior has started to shift and her emotions have become more heightened. Hazel’s assimilation into high school, for example, had her on edge. She seemed especially anxious and unsure of herself, complaining about certain teachers and the difficulty of the workload. A similar instance, Hazel’s break with her
First, puberty must be defined as the complicated process of boys and girls sexually maturing to be able and ready to reproduce physically, cognitively, and socially/emotionally. During this time girls (between the ages of eight and fourteen) and boys (between the ages of nine and fifteen) bodies release hormones causing a multitude of changes. Precocious puberty is the abnormally early onset of puberty, before age eight in girls and nine in boys. This early start of maturation for girls and boys has many effects, including physical, cognitive, and social/emotional that may cause some problems. In addition, there are two different types of PP, which include central precocious puberty (Gonadotropin dependent) and peripheral precocious puberty (Gonadotropin independent). Gonadotropin dependent is when the pituitary gland is stimulated to produce gonadotropins (hormones). Then those hormones cause the gonads of both genders to produce sex hormones that are responsible for the advancement of puberty. Whereas gonadotropin independent, is when the sex hormones are responsible for the symptoms, in this case the pituitary gland is not. True CPP/PPP is accountable for prominent secondary sexual characteristics, accelerated bone age, a shorter finishing stature, disproportionate body debut, and psychological issues. With this in mind, this paper will describe the characteristics of precocious puberty including:
One stage of adolescent development that my teen went through was puberty. Puberty is different for girls and boys and is manifested differently as they go through many physical and cognitive changes. As I was raising my teen daughter I noticed that the changes in her body during puberty played a role in the way she viewed herself. By age 11 she became more interested in her appearance as a result of some compliments from some boys in her school. She started to wear makeup to school every day and became more interested in buying new clothes and shoes. As pu...
According to Steinberg (2014) adolescents is a time of growing up, of moving from the immaturity of childhood into the maturity of adulthood, of preparation for the future. It is a period of transitions: biological, psychological, and social. Adolescence can begin as early as ten years of age and not end until the adolescent is in their early twenties. It is important to note that adolescent development occurs at different times for each individual. Therefore, students in the same grade that are around the same age may be going through different developmental stages of adolescents. The purpose of this analysis paper is to discuss the different stages of adolescent development, how they affect the maturity of the students and to determine
Within psychology adolescence is described as a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. It is a period between year twelve and late teens, when the physical growth is complete, the person becomes sexually mature and establishes identity (Nolen-Hoeksema, Friedricson, Loftus & Wagenaar, 2009). During this period of development, the individual has to face several risk factors, which are considered as a hazard on normal psychological development of an individual (Colman, 2009). This means, that experiencing them is associated with vulnerability, developing mental health problems and problematic behaviors such as for instance greater risk taking, school related deviance and school failure, teen pregnancy, substance misuse, aggression, violence or vandalism or in other words delinquency and antisocial behavior (Perkins & Borden, 2003). Therefore risk factors have a potential not just endanger the present developmental period, but also jeopardize the future biological and psychological development (Beam, Gill-Rivas, Greenberger & Chen, 2002; Perkins & Borden, 2003). However, not all young individual will respond to risk factors by developing negative outcomes. Some develop resilience and adapt to changes and stressors (Crawford, 2006; Perkins & Borden, 2003). Furthermore it has been suggested, that risk factors are desirable for developing this kind of positive outcome (Fergus & Zimmerman, 2005). According to Fonagy et. al. (1994) (cited in Crawford, 2006) resilience can be defined as normal development under difficult conditions. It leads to overcoming and coping with the negative effects of exposure to risk factors (Fergus & Zimmerman, 2005). To maintain this, protective factors need to be put in place (Fergus & Zimmerman, 2...
In example, according to the Euro-Western view, adolescence is characterised by the interaction between the individual’s biological development and the demands requested by the industrial and post-industrial societies. Although adolescence is globally referred to as the period in life that groups individuals from 12 to 18 years, each individual’s development varies within different countries and cultures. According to the Euro-Western world, adolescence is a time in life that is characterised by experimentation, fun as well as personal growth that will later lead the individual to become a full adult. However, not every young individual experiences this positive and fun side of this life stage. In fact, adolescence is characterised by the hormonal changes that occur during puberty, which are argued to influence adolescents’ behaviour. Hall (cited in Drewery and Claiborne, 2010) argued that due to the effects caused by puberty, young individuals often experience tension, conflicts with their parents and peers, as well as critical mood changes. In line with Hall, Freud (cited in Drewery and Claiborne, 2010) argues that adolescence is a life stage in which it is hard to maintain a steady equilibrium. For these reasons, adolescence can still be considered a “problematic” stage in life, yet it is not necessary true that these conflicts are triggered by biological changes (Drewery and Claiborne,
Adolescence is the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood, commonly occurs amongst individuals aged between 12 to 18 years (Hoffnung et al., 2016, p. 350). It is a developmental period characterised by hormonal changes that result from the onset of puberty, which is defined by the emergence of secondary sexual characteristics, such as growth of body hair and deepening voices in males, and breast development and menstruation in females (Jones & Creedy, 2012, p. 28). The timing in the onset of puberty differs in gender, girls generally reach pubertal development at an earlier age than boys (on average 13 years old for girls, and 14 years old for boys). In addition, environmental variables also influence the timing of puberty. For example,
Adolescence is a period of physical and psychological development from the onset of puberty to maturity. The adolescent is no longer a child, but they haven’t yet reached adulthood. Adolescence is considered people between the ages of 13 and 21. Puberty is the physical maturing that makes an individual capable of sexual reproduction. Puberty is important to adolescence because when a child hits puberty, that’s when the child is becoming an adolescent. Puberty is a big part of an adolescent’s life.
During middle childhood, children are experiencing physical changes as they go from early childhood to middle childhood. Zembar and Blume (2009) write that, “School-age children undergo rapid spurts in height and weight as well as improvement in athletic abilities. They begin the onset of puberty at varied ages, with 11 years the average age for girls and 13 years for boys, marked first by hormonal changes, followed by observable changes in physical appearance and behavior”(Zembar & Blume,2009). Also during this time, children experience puberty which may be a new experience for them. Parents can encourage a positive transition through puberty by helping their child feel comfortable about the changes by talking with them about puberty and helping them adjust.
Men and women are both unique in the way their bodies and are formed and developed. Men and women both go through the most changes during their adolescent years when they begin going through puberty. Puberty normally begin in a male from the age of 11 and continues through the age of 16. Boys will develop a deeper voice; growth of hair on their face and body, a boy will have spurts of muscle growth, their testes will begin to produce sperm. A teenage boy will start producing a hormone called testosterone that is produced by their testes. Male’s reproductive system primary genitalia are their testes.
Adolescence is a transition which has no fixed time limits. However, the changes that occur at this time are so significant that it is useful to talk about adolescence as a distinct period of human life cycle. This period ranges from biological changes to changes in behavior and social status, thus making it difficult to specify its limits exactly (Damon, 2008). Adolescence begins with puberty, i.e. a series of physiological changes that lead to full development of the sexual organs and the ability to breed and sex. The time interval that elapses begins at 11 to 12 years and extends to 18 to 20. However we cannot associate to a 13 with one 18 years. Let us talk about early adolescence between 11 to 14 years, which coincides with puberty, and after a second period of youth, or late adolescence between 15-20 years. Its extension to adulthood depends on social, cultural, environmental as well as personal adaptation.
Throughout our life, it can be marked by developmental changes in every domain of life: our physical, cognitive, social, personalities, and morals. Due to some important researchers such as Erickson, Freud, Piaget we are able to understand the development of each of these domains. Each stage of it’s life has it’s own difficulties and events that can determine a person’s life (Mogler, 2008). During the stages of adolescence, they are very vulnerable to a lot going on in their life such as fitting in, peers, family, school, activities, and society, and not to forget the ups and downs of puberty. Adolescence can be viewed as a huge part of many children’s lives where in this part of their life they try to find teenagers experience physical, cognitive,
In conclusion, adolescent teenagers can experiment with drinking, drugs, sexual relationships or other dangerous behaviors. Some psychological disorders can appear during adolescence like depression and anxiety unless parents or family support them. Society can help adolescents during this turbulent time of growth by creating some programs in the schools for all teenagers who do not have support. Even those who have support like family or friends need to know they have someone else they can go talk to and be able express themselves. Adolescent years are very difficult and teenagers need lots of support.