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Ethical principles nursing code of ethics
Essay on nursing standards of practice
Applying code of ethics to nursing care
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Studies have shown that non-compliance causes 125,000 deaths annually in the US, leads to 10 to 25 percent of hospital and nursing home admissions, and is becoming an international epidemic (Smith, 1989). The healthcare field is very familiar with attempting to deliver ethically and medically appropriate care to patients who are either actively or passively interfering with or refusing to cooperate with their treatments or plans of care (NET, 2001). By dealing with these patients healthcare professionals are having to deal with high demands of services and the patients will only seek services on their own terms. In 2010, a new Patient Bill of Rights was created along with the Affordable Care Act, this bill was designed to give new patient protections in dealing with insurance companies, and just recently did all the protections come into full effect (ACA, 2014). The cost of noncompliance not only has medical and ethical concerns but also financial. 10% of hospital admissions due to noncompliance can cost up to $15.2 billion for 3.5 million patients (Smith, 1989).
Ethical Dilemma Patients who seek medical care have specific rights, and health professionals have specific
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In addition to the code of ethics nurses have standards of nursing practice implemented to provide professional integrity of our work. The ethical standards are supported by external legal and regulatory sanctions from professional peer associations (NET, 2001). Nurses should strive to provide patients with opportunities to participate in planning care, assures that patients find the plans acceptable and supports the implementation of the plan. With regards to treating patients fairly, also including neither granting special privileges nor denied aspects of care that are routinely provided to other
Steiner, John E. (2013). Problems in health care law: challenges for the 21st century (10th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
A code of ethics provides a standard by which nurses conduct themselves and their practice, observing ethical obligations of the profession and providing quality care. To achieve its purpose, a code of ethics must be understood, internalized, and used by nurses in all aspects of their work” (Aliakvari, 2015, p. 494).
These types of external influences keep the healthcare organization afloat and maintained for patient care. The staff such as assistants, nurses, physicians, specialists, clinicians, and managers, states their opinions for improvement and make proper judgement for patient care. Lastly, patients are a prime influence and critic of healthcare of negative aspects or positive aspects of doctor care and treatment. Conflicts of staff shortages, incorrect coding/ billing, incompetent staff, and lack of knowledge of ethics are always an issue to improve. As long ethical procedures are in effect at all times with OSHA, ACA, HIPAA, JCAHO, etc., then the healthcare facility is in good order. The Affordable Care Act is a law for all staff and managers to stay informed and know how the changes apply to patients. For future healthcare administrators and staff, it’s critical to recognize the external influences in healthcare administration and maintain ethical technology standards, code standards, hiring standards, staff capability, and law
Providers must act in the best interest of the patient and their basic obligation is to do no harm and work for the public’s wellbeing. A physician shall always keep in mind the obligation of preserving human life. Providers must communicate full, accurate and unbiased information so patients can make informed decisions about their health care. As a result of their recommendations, providers are responsible for generating costs in health care but do not generate the need for those expenses. Every hospital has both an ethical as well as a legal responsibility to provide care, even if the care may be uncompensated.
The United States (U.S.) has a health care system that is much different than any other health care system in the world (Nies & McEwen, 2015). It is frequently recognized as one with most recent technological inventions, but at the same time is often criticized for being overly expensive (Nies & McEwen, 2015). In 2010, President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) (U. S. Department of Health & Human Services, n.d.) This plan was implemented in an attempt to make preventative care more affordable and accessible for all uninsured Americans (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, n.d.). Under the law, the new Patient’s Bill of Rights gives consumers the power to be in charge of their health care choices. (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, n.d.).
Ethical issues arise daily in the healthcare world. The manor in which issues are addressed vary. “There are, it might be said, as many histories of nursing ethics as there are individual ethicists and professional or cultural contexts” (Guildford 2010, p.1). “A code of ethics is a fundamental document for any profession. It provides a social contract with the society served, as well as ethical and legal guidance to all members of the profession” (Lachman 2009, p.55). According to Lachman, since the original ANA Code from 1950, the significance of service to others has been consistent. Two changes in the code have occurred since the original. First, not only the patient is being treated, but the family and community where they live are also considered.
Ethics is an integral part of the foundation of nursing (ANA, 2011). Provision three in the ANA code of Ethics states that each nurse must promote, advocate for, and strive to protect the health and safety of each patient cared for (ANA, 2011). Provision three includes the patient’s right to privacy, confidentiality, and protection. It is the nurse’s responsibility to protect the patient’s rights, maintain high standards of care, and address impaired practice.
The Code of Ethics for Nurses was created to be a guide for nurses to perform their duties in a way that is abiding with the ethical responsibilities of the nursing profession and quality in nursing care. The Code of Ethics has excellent guidelines for how nurses should behave, however; these parameters are not specific. They do not identify what is right and wrong, leaving nurses having to ultimately make that decision. Ethics in nursing involves individual interpretation based on personal morals and values. Nursing professionals have the ethical accountability to be altruistic, meaning a nurse who cares for patients without self-interest. This results in a nurse functioning as a patient advocate, making decisions that are in the best interest of the patient and practicing sound nursing ethics.
Providing the steps to ethically sound excellent care, healthcare providers must acknowledge first the legal and ethical matters involved with proper investigation and then devise a plan for best possible action recognizing the rights of the patient and its benefits followed by the application of the chosen intervention with positive outcome in mind (Wells, 2007). Delivery of excellent and quality of care at a constant level (NMC, 2008) must be marked in any responsibilities and duties of the care provider to promote exceptional nursing practice. Codes of nursing ethics and legal legislation have addressed almost all the necessary actions in making decisions in consideration to the best interest of the patient. Nurses must make sure that they are all guided by the set standard to lead their action and produce desirable and ethically sound outcomes.
Registered nurses abide by a code of ethics as set forth by the American Nurses Association. Some of the ethics nurses live out are: commitment to the patient, practice with compassion and respect, accountability and responsibility for owns actions and collaborating with other health care providers (Code of Ethics for Nurses, 2015). Nurses practice the code of ethics on a routine basis by employing the six fundamental concepts established by the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN).
The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses has five elements that pertain to the Principle of Autonomy. Each individual element applies to “respect individual persons” (Baillie, McGeehan, Garrett T, M., Garrett R. M., 2013, p.33). In Chapter 2 of the Health Care ethics: Principles and problems text, it discusses thouroghly the consent of an individual to make their own decisions regarding their health and future requests of care. As a nurse or within all heath care professions, we must treat each individual patient with care, respect, and to remain mindful to the patient regarding any aspect of their lives. In the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, it explains ways of maintaining the empathy required in the health field. It further discusses that the respect for human dignity must be a priority, relationships to patients must remain neutral, the severity of the situation, the right to self-rule, and the professionalism that must be upheld by the nurse and their associates.
Garrett, T. M., Baillie, H. W., & Garrett, R. M. (2010). Health care ethics: Principles and problems (5thed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Professionalism in the workplace in many professions can be simplified into general categories such as neat appearance, interaction with clients, punctuality, general subject knowledge, and likability. In nursing, professionalism encompasses a much more broad and inclusive set of criteria than any other profession. Nurses specifically are held to a higher standard in nearly every part of their job. Nurses are not only expected to uphold what it seen as professional in the aforementioned categories, but they are also expected to promote health, wellbeing, and advocate for patients, but also continually provide the highest standard of care, demonstrate exemplary subject and procedural knowledge, and abide by the Code of ethics set forth by the American Nurses Association. This Code of Ethics includes the complex moral and ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, fidelity, honesty, and integrity.
The American Nurses Association created guidelines for the profession including, a set clear rules to be followed by individuals within the profession, Code of Ethics for Nurses. Written in 1893, by Lystra Gretter, and adopted by the ANA in 1926, The Code of Ethics for Nurses details the role metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics have within the field (ANA, 2015). Moral obligation for an individual differs within professions than it does within an individual’s personal life, so the code of ethics was written to establish rules within the profession. The moral obligation to provide quality care include the fundamental principles of respect for persons, integrity, autonomy, advocacy, accountability, beneficence, and non-maleficence. The document itself contains nine provisions with subtext, all of which cannot be addressed within this paper however, core principals related to the ethical responsibilities nurses have will be
The Code of Ethics is an important document that outlines the mission and values of the organization and also guides the professionals in making ethical decisions. “It serves as a means of self-evaluation and self-reflection regarding ethical nursing practice and provides the basis for feedback and peer review” (CNA, 2008). Furthermore, it serves as the basis from which nurses can advocates for quality work environment that supports the delivery of safe, compassionate, competent and ethical care (CNA, 2008). A code of ethics also may be designated as a code of professional responsibility which will discuss difficult issues, difficult decisions that will often need to be made and provide a clear accounts of what behavior is considered “ethical” or “correct” or “right” in a given circumstance. If a nurse fails to comply with the Code of Ethics, it can result in expulsion from the professional organization (ethical violation). In order to highlight the importance of how Code of Ethics impacts the nursing practice as on-going effect present in contemporary practice, in particular amongst registered nurses, the background of