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Problems with the Kyoto protocol
Problems with the Kyoto protocol
Problems with the Kyoto protocol
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Whether Kyoto protocol was unsuccessful, but, there are some countries that has been successful in implementation of Kyoto protocol. There are Germany, Sweden, and United Kingdom, as well as United Nations members. Besides, it was indicates that European Union (EU) have agree in joining a United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1994 (UNFCCC, 2014). In addition, EU was strongly support the establishment of Kyoto protocol into the convention and, makes recognition of Kyoto treaty as the competitive international instrument and politic agenda in addressing any emerging issues of climate change (Lal Kurukulasuriya, A, N., Gilbert, and et al., n.d.).
Therefore, through the three countries that have been succeed in their implementing of Kyoto protocol, each countries has own goal and strategies in make it become true with the expanding of the economic sector that can reduced and make a planning to still continue in reducing their Greenhouses Gases (GHG) emissions. Basically, the most reductions GHGs among the members of Kyoto Protocol are in the eastern European countries, which it has been reductions with a larger percentage amounts. This is due to the disintegration of Soviet Union when their economies has been collapsed. This is because, according to the Miller, 2012, “Soviet Union was been collapsed in 1990s, and in the same time the greenhouses gases emissions was also been dropped during the economic declined in Soviet Union”. However, for United Kingdom, Germany, and Sweden, they was reduced their GHG emissions with the line of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grows.
Country GDP (BN$US) % Chg. GHG (Mt CO2e) % Chg.
1990 2005 1990 2005
UK
991.1 2,226.3 124.6% 776.1 657.4 -15.3%
GERMANY
1,714.4 2,78...
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...cally could be as a one of the market environmentalism conceptualized. U.S positions is for making an analytical purpose that thoroughly straightforward, as well as single nation-state, that today’s it was already become a hegemony power around the world.
Furthermore, European Union was strongly supported and quantified the reductions of emissions gases because, it is the way to fight climate change. In addition, EU also found a regulatory solutions of climate change. Therefore, it has developed its environmental policy that needed a member states to follow. Environmental policy was consist the basic of making a regulations, addressing the problem of climate change, and also depending on the regulations process. Hence, EU environment goals has been inspired by the needed for make a preventing rather than cure in solving any climate change problems that occurred.
The Kyoto Protocol was created to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions that are affecting Earth. The project is extremely expensive and lacks effectiveness. The protocol may benefit the world in the far future, but it is not worth a country going poor. Also, if tackling the issue involves the cooperation of our entire earth, developing countries should not be excluded. The Kyoto Protocol raises many concerns, and if something is going to impact our economy so greatly, it should not raise any concerns and should be foolproof. In order to demonstrate the lack of effectiveness, the economic consequences must first be discussed.
The Kyoto Protocol set by the United Nations allocates countries to offset their greenhouse gas emissions by growing what they lost, that is reforestation, and/or establishing a forest in a barren land, that is afforestation. Each country is allowed a certain quota that limits their greenhouse emissions. For companies that uses deforestation for commercial purposes must reforest the land they cut off to compensate for the loss. More often than not the land is left alo...
Novak, Mary H. (1998, July 24). Kyoto Treaty A Giant Leap into the Economic Abyss. Houston Business Journal, 29 (10), p. 27A. [Online]. Available: http://insite.palni.edu/WebZ/Authorize:sessionid=0.
However, there are several ways to cut GHG emissions, such as reducing emissions from automotive engines, industrial processes and livestock. These reduction process require advanced technology and Iceland is improving its technology to accomplish its goals (Iceland’s Climate Change Strategy, 2007). To accomplish the objectives mentioned above, Iceland is improving its infrastructure and carbon sequestration inventory to fulfill its obligations that were mentioned at the Kyoto Protocol. Also, the government is attempting to increase carbon sequestration through revegetation, wetland reclamation and afforestation. Revegetation will not only help remove carbon from the atmosphere but also will help reduce the incidence of soil erosions. Lastly, the government is preparing for adaptation to climate change since the global warming is inevitable for some extent. Countries on Earth are interconnected and interdependent of each other. Therefore, it does not stop the global warming if Iceland alone is making effort. Some countries such as China refused to take sustainable movements since they care more about their economic growth than they care about the environment (Iceland’s Climate Change Strategy,
Acknowledging the fact that climate change is happening, the United Kingdom has been advocating the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and much more. Through UN conferences the UK has made various efforts in order to meet the goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40% by 2020 and 80% by 2050. Many legislations and policies have been made to achieve these goals, one of which is the implementation of the 2008 Climate Change Act. Working with t...
To sum up, the EU drawn attention on climate changes and has essential goals to help other regions and countries to change the world. According to the Kyoto Protocol, the EU and other countries have big dreams about changing climate in positive way. That how the EU manages to accomplish the defined aims on the Kyoto Protocol depends on the EU leaders and Europeans also on the major emitting countries and other powerful world’s countries which have essential impact on climate changes.
EIA was firstly presented in the United States (US) in 1969 under the National Environmental Policy Act, in order to aid the decision making and planning processes, while in Europe was adopted in 1985 with the name of European Union Directive (85/337/EEC) on Environmental Impact Assessment or EIA Directive (ibidem). Since then it has been amended in 1997, 2003, 2009 and in 2013, although a final comment and approval from the EC is still expected [European Parliament (EP), 2013].
As a result of increasing public concern and awareness of the ecological problems, the “politicization” of environmental agenda impacted on creation of number of international and regional resolutions to be involved into daily politics of states. The EU ratified the UN treaties on the environmental protection and adopted its own regulations to comply with them and consequently create its own environmental policies. In other words, the main aim of the EU is to become a global leader in advancing this field. Thus, in the 1980s there was an increasing wave of environmentalism, with inclusion of “green” parties to the empowered European Parliament (Hey 2005, 22), along with increased interest in completion of the single market agenda in Europe (Yesilada and Wood 2010, 43). Thus, enhancing similar environmental standards, increased public access to the agenda-setting process in the EU institutions, and international political trends were the main reasons for environmental direction of the EU politics.
The European Union’s environmental policy is vast and complicated. It applies to every country under the Union’s domain and its criteria must be met for any state wishing to seek membership. The European Union was not the original forerunner in environmental politics; in fact the United States “took on a leadership role in preparations for the 1972 United Nations (UN) Conference on the Human Environment” (Kelemen). However, in the 1970s (1973 to be specific) as the US pulled away from being the environmental leader the EU emerged with it’s seven ‘Environmental Action Plans’ (EAP) (Pearce). The original aim of environmental policy was very traditional, focusing on protecting species and improving the quality of life but today the underlying aim of the policy “is to enhance natural capital, provide a resource-efficient economy and safeguard people’s health” (environment). I will first open with a brief history of the environmental policy, followed by its success and failures using concrete examples and conclude with alterations or alternatives to the policy in order to make it more successful across the European Union.
The European Union’s environmental policy is vast and complicated. It applies to every country under the Union’s domain and its criteria must be met for any state wishing to seek membership. The European Union was not the original forerunner in environmental politics; in fact, the United States “took on a leadership role in preparations for the 1972 United Nations (UN) Conference on the Human Environment” (Kelemen 2009). However, in the 1970s (1973 to be specific) as the US pulled away from being the environmental leader the EU emerged with it’s seven ‘Environmental Action Plans’ (EAP) (Pearce 1998). The original aim of environmental policy was very traditional, focusing on protecting species and improving the quality of life but today the underlying aim of the policy “is to enhance natural capital, provide a resource-efficient economy and safeguard people’s health” (European Commission 2013). I will first open with a brief history of the environmental policy, followed by its success and failures using concrete examples and conclude with alterations or alternatives to the policy in order to make it more successful across the European Union.
This paper is divided into three parts and underlines the key information provided in the respective chapter related to the development of environmental regimes. First, it introduces and summarizes the processes involved in the development of GERs. Second, it briefly illustrates these processes to two case studies provided by the authors; ozone depletion and climate change. Finally, the paper ends with a brief personal reaction, also based on readings from Conca and Debelko’s Institutions of Global Environmental Governance, to add perspective to the final analysis.
In conclusion, however, although EU adopt legally binding directives and regulations, but still it lacks the capacity to control practical implementation, as well as the effective sanctioning mechanism. Similarly in EU mobilization is stronger which has promoted cooperation among environmental groups and better distribution of funds which help strengthen other environmental groups resulting into better implementation of EU environmental Policy and therefore, the anticipated dilemma in EU environmental governance can be inevitable.
Nowadays, we can see a lot of campaigns to reduce this humans’ contribution of greenhouse gases to atmosphere. These campaign’s missions are usually about reducing the energy that we use, convincing us to use recyclable energy, stopping the deforestation... These missions are all about mitigating to climate change. Climate change mitigation is the actions to limit the significant rate of long term climate change. In other words, climate change mitigation is all of the actions about lowering the humans’ greenhouse gas contribution to atmosphere. It is now too late for humans’ to prevent the effects of climate change, but these effects can be reduced in the future with mitigation. The most popular treaty, disenchant of humanity, is Kyoto Protocol. The main goal of Kyoto Protocol is reducing the human emitted greenhouse gases, in other word, mitigation. Also in ways that underlying national differences in GHG emissions, wealth, and capacity to make th...
Environmental management awareness rose up for last decades until today. So in managing and avoiding environmental degradation happen continuously, the are several policy and regulation formed from time to time. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) And Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is two of environmental protection that being implemented. Most country have the same policy but in own standard of control. These policy primary goal is to ensure the implementation and enforcement
In fact, environment crisis could solve by considering two important aspects, environment crisis occurred due to emissions of carbon dioxide, which caused by processes of generate electricity in order to meet the increase of demand for it. So the two important aspects are: to avoid abuse of energy consumption and to obtain environmentally friend electricity generation. This essay concentrates on the second aspect in order to offer some solutions of this problem.