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Free trade advantages and disadvantages
Reasons for the underdevelopment of africa
Free trade advantages and disadvantages
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“Prosperity requires liberty: to be productive we must be free”.
- Wollstein, Jarret B.-
According to Woodward (1992) Economic liberalism encompasses the processes, including government policies, that promote free trade, deregulation, elimination of subsidies, price controls and rationing systems, and, often, the downsizing or privatization of public services.
With empirical evidences, reputable organizations, experts and erudite scholars have written a vast body of literature on economic liberalism as a fundamental tool for economic growth and prosperity. Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson in their fact-based book, Why Nations Fail, noted that developed countries such as the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom; developed by liberalizing
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People in economically free societies live longer. They have better health. They are able to be better stewards of the environment, and they push for¬ward the frontiers of human achievement in sci¬ence and technology through greater innovation”
Africa is one of the world’s most endowed continents with abundant human and natural resources. She is the second-largest and second most populous continent on earth with an estimated population of 1.033 billion people. There are practically vital mineral deposits and abundant workforce in all the nations of the continent. Despite all these enviable endowments, most African countries languish at the bottom of the World Bank’s “Doing Business” index. Its reason being the low level of economic liberalization within the continent.
DIGGING DEEEP: THE ANCHILLES HEELS OF RESTRICTED
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It is the reason why an African will spend a whopping amount of money and valuable time to process traveling documents before entering a neighboring African nation for business transactions. It is the reason why farmers can’t afford to go through the ineffable rigors of exporting their products and make good living, thereby discouraging agriculture. It is the reason why the industries have been deprived the gains of comparative advantage. It is the wet bucket which has dampened the innovative and zealous spirit of prospective entrepreneurs as they don’t have money to acquire mountainous and most times irrelevant documents required by government before establishing business in the continent. It is the reason for the low level of foreign investment in the continent as a result of uncertainties in business rules and frameworks created by Keynesian politicians who are in dire need of their name in daily tabloids without considering the impact of such policies on entrepreneurs and industrialists. All these accumulate to high rate of unemployment, poverty and underdevelopment in the
Liberalism is an ideology which advocates equality of opportunity for all within the framework of a system of laws. It includes a belief in government as an institution whose primary function is to define and enforce the laws. Furthermore, a Constitution, must be developed not solely by one ruler but by representatives of the elite groups. Therefore, liberalism invariably involves a belief in the need for legislative bodies which represent the influential groups. The Constitution then defines ...
Liberal democracy is capitalistic, industrialized, and democratic. It’s a social democracy was a response to the Great Depression. A free market economy allows collective bargaining to take place throughout these countries – United States, Britain, and France. Additionally, during the 1930s, President Franklin Roosevelt created the New Deal (relief, reform, and recovery), providing jobs, social welfare, and security. It was successful but was unsettled during the Depression.
With Europe in control, “the policies of the governing powers redirected all African trade to the international export market. Thus today, there is little in the way of inter-African trade, and the pattern of economic dependence continues.” Europeans exported most of the resources in Africa cheaply and sold them costly, which benefited them, but many Africans worked overtime and were not treated with care.
Since the resurgence of unregulated capitalism in the late 20th century, social inequalities have grown significantly, with one percent of the most powerful countries attaining more wealth than half the world (Dunklin 2). Canada’s income gap has also risen, exacerbating morbidity and mortality (Bryant 47). However, the extent that government should reduce social inequities is controversial in a liberal democracy, which prioritizes economic freedom. That being said, social inequalities may lead to wealthier individuals gaining an advantage in policy making (Bryant 54; Rein 63), undermining the liberal democratic value of political equality. Moreover, the ideal of economic freedom is shrinking in today’s global economy, which exhibits massive enterprises stifling competition and creating economic instability (Foster 2). In light of these issues, the aim of this essay is to detail how unregulated capitalism detracts from a liberal democracy by undermining political equality and economic freedom.
Priscilla. “The World Economy and Africa.” JSpivey – Home – Wikispaces. 2010. 29 January 2010. .
It is thought-provoking, in the sense that Africa’s need for foreign created a race to the bottom, much like what Pietra Rivoli described in The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy. Due to some African states’ reliance on foreign aid in order to mine and profit on their resources, they allow business standards to be lowered and for Chinese firms to tip the contracts moresoever in the favor of Chinese firms. This lowers the potential earnings of African states by lowering royalty rates, for example. Additionally, Burgis’ research was thorough and transparent. When he did not receive a response or if his questions were dodged, he made it obvious to the readers. Sure, some could view this book as too anecdotal to be used as a credible source of Africa’s situation. However, this is due to the nature of the system Burgis is writing about; after all, they are shadow states for a reason. Some readers will be saddened by this text, others angry, most curious to learn more, but above all, everyone will be intellectually stimulated and
...th the classical view that wages would drop to prohibit unemployment because of Trade Unions, and claim that according this view unemployment would enter a vicious spiral. The implications of this are that Modern liberal economics advocates the state managing the economy and that logically the state has a role to play in helping people achieve the self-fulfillment that liberalism works towards. This is consistent with the Modern liberal view of freedom effectively as an ‘enabling process’.
Neoliberalism, also called free market economy, is a set of economic policies that became widespread in the last 25 years. The concept neoliberalism, have been imposed by financial institutions that fall under the Bretton Woods such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organization (WTO) and World Bank (Martinez & Garcia, 1996). One of the famous economists published a book called “The Wealth of Nations” in which he said in it that free trade is the best way to develop nations economies (Martinez & Garcia, 1996). He and other economists also encouraged the removal of government intervention in economic matters, no restrictions on manufacturing, removing borders and barriers between nations, and no taxes (Martinez & Garcia, 1996). The main goal of the economic globalization was to reduce poverty and inequality in the poorest regions. However, the effects of the neoliberal policies on people all over the world has been devastating (MIT, 2000).
Liberalism-derived from the Latin word ‘liber’ which means “free and not enslaved”- is seen as the dominant ideology of the western civilisation. During the European history before the modern society, it was characterised by absolutism and feudalism. That time was also called ‘the age of absolutism’.... ... middle of paper ... ...
One of the most notorious thinkers in the twentieth century in regards to Economic Growth and Development was W.W. Rostow. He was an American economist and public figure in the government. Before Rostow’s theory, people attitudes toward economic development were based on the theory that modernization was portrayed by the Western world. The Western World had the wealthier and more powerful countries in that day and age. These countries and nations were able 1to advance from the initial stages of underdevelopment. Therefore, other countries should model themselves after the West World and seek to have a liberal democracy and a more modern state of capitalism.
The international community have highlighted the benefits that efficient and effective trade in Africa could potentially hold; the G8 in 2005 (and again in...
Liberalism in the sense of a political philosophy was created on the ideas of equality and liberty for everyone. Basically liberalism is concerned with the notion of how individuals in political communities are able to maximize their freedom without violating the rights of other individuals. The liberalistic view on politics is that a legitimate government is necessary to protect the rights of individuals from being harmed by others. Liberalism also ensures that there is a higher authority which protects the freedoms and rights of individuals while also ensuring legitimacy of government. Liberalism is the founding base for much of the Western world’s government policies and constitution. Liberalism ensures tolerance and promotes acceptance between humans and their differences.
Liberal democracy has been argued to be the best solution for nations aiming for economic development. Liberal democracy is defined as a political ideology and a form of government whose operations are derived from the principles of classic economics. It provides the desirable and necessary conditions that have been proved to be effective in steering a country to progress. This essay aims at determining whether liberal democracy is the best political system. Liberal democracy is characterized by the protection of human and civil rights, political freedoms, and civil liberties (Chan, 2002).
Over the past 30 years the globalisation of the economy led by the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and transnational entities have happened at a very quick pace. These institutions have pressured governments of developing countries such as South Africa to remove barriers to the cross-border flow of capital and products.
Ghana is a country located on the west coast of Africa; Africa is a resource rich continent that supplies much of the world with diamonds, oils, petroleum and more through trade. The country of Ghana has undergone revision in their labor forces in the past twenty years, Ghana has moved more from the traditional labor sector like agriculture to more modern sectors. One of the more modern sectors of Ghana today is the industrial sector which is relatively small and is mainly operated by the Ghanaian government. The industrial sector was expanded by the government and president to employ the unemployed and promote investment in the private sector. After the 1990’s Ghana has seen consistent economic growth but their economic growth from the last eight years has increased tremendously. In the most recent of years ( after 2004) the growth rate of Ghana started to accelerate and it increased to over six percent between a five year span from 2005-2010, with the average being above seven percent in 2000 and 2009. The increase in sectors has taken Ghana from a poverty rate of more than half 51.7% to 28.5% by the year 2005. Before Ghana’s independence on March 6, 1957 most of the country’s gdp was contributed to agriculture and the industry sector was less of a contributor. Recently, between the years of 2001-2010 the roles of whom or what contributes to the gdp has switched. Most of the contribution to the gdp is that of the service sector. Even though, the service sector has risen to the top of the economy, agriculture is slowly but surely is rising back to the top of Ghana’s highest gdp contributor by the way of nontraditional exports like automobiles and cocoa. The service sector of Ghana provides many residents w...