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Using research evidence, critically discuss the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine upon behaviour
Dopamine and brain essay
Dopamine and brain essay
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Recommended: Using research evidence, critically discuss the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine upon behaviour
Ever wonder why people are the way they are? Why some people are more energetic than others? Dopamine can play a major role in a person's personality. Dopamine is very important in the human brain and learning how it works and functions is key to controlling it. The brain is one of the most complex and important part of a human. Dopamine was first discovered in the 1950’s. Dopamine has the power to do many things in a human and has multiple functions.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that has many different uses in the human brain and body. Dopamine has control over the reward system and this is why it has been referred to as the feel good chemical. Dopamine can have many different results depending on the person. Everyone reacts different
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When someone’s dopamine levels have reached a very low point problems start to arise. One of these problems is lethargy and this results in lack of motivation and lack of enthusiasm leading to less productivity. Low levels of dopamine also leads to disorganized thinking also resulting in less productivity because someone with disorganized thinking cannot manage time and work effectively. The lack of dopamine can also cause memory loss because the brain is not fully functioning the way a healthy brain should be functioning. Low levels of dopamine can also cause a person to no longer experience pleasure and this is because dopamine is the neurotransmitter that communicates with the pleasure part of the brain and leading to the feeling of pleasure. The lack of motivation, the lack of pleasure, the lack of productivity, and the lack of enthusiasm can result a person to be mentally unstable and depressed which can really affect the life of any person.
Low levels of depression can be regulated by certain prescribed drugs which are typically given to people with depression and disorders along those lines to increase their motivation and their enthusiasm through dopamine so that they can carry on the day as they normally would but these drugs are only offer a temporary solution and require a regular use. Some drugs that combat low levels of dopamine are Adderall, Ritalin, Selegiline, and Vicodin.
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A person that is always in a positive mood or happy may be someone with higher levels of dopamine. This is because people with high levels of dopamine have the reward system more active and sensitive than someone hit low levels of dopamine. Another common trait of people with high levels of dopamine is motivation, a person with high dopamine levels is typically more motivated and ready to take on the day than someone who doesn’t have high levels of dopamine and the reason for this is that dopamine is released when a goal is accomplished making you want to accomplish another goal and another and another and with each goal reached dopamine is released activating the reward system resulting in the crave for more. Low levels can also have an effect in the roles of a person's personality. Someone with low levels of dopamine my seem to be less productive and less motivated to go on with their day because dopamine activates the reward system making them crave more but if this reward system is not at use they will not be motivated to do anything. Another common trait in someone with low levels of dopamine is shyness. This is because people with low levels of dopamine tend to suffer of social anxiety and people with social anxiety prefer to be alone and not around people giving them a shy
Major Depressive Disorder, which is also referred to as Clinical Depression, is a disorder caused when low serotonin levels, that suppress pain perception and are often found in the pineal gland at the center of the brain, promote low levels of norepinephrine, a monoamine neurotransmitter that controls cognitive ability. This disabling disorder interferes with a person’s daily life as it prevents one from performing normal functions, such as eating, sleeping, interacting, or enjoying once pleasurable activities. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the common symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder are continued feelings of anxiety, worthlessne...
Dopamine sends signals to other nerve cells in the brain, which regulates movement, motivation, emotion, and feelings of pleasure.
Depression is a mental illness, which affects millions of Americans each year. Currently there are many prescription drugs, called anti-depressants that have been proven to successfully treat it. The causes of depression are somewhat of a medical enigma, however, it is known that depression is associated with a change in the brains chemistry involving the function of neurotransmitters (Reichert). This chemical change occurs in healthy brain’s, which experience sadness, but ends after the unpleasant stimulus is removed. In people suffering from depression this chemical change does not correspond to any particular stimulus. Symptoms of depression are often incapacitating and include severe and extended sadness, feelings of worthlessness, feelings of emptiness, irritability and anxiety (Reichert, Spake).
Furthermore, Crystal is a highly addictive stimulant that affects the brain, respiratory, circulatory and central nervous system. Crystal also affects the nerve synapses of the pleasure center by increase dopamine production and blocking its reuptake. Dopamine is responsible for "reward." This affect causes the user to experience a sometimes severe decrease in excitability and happiness about things that used to bring pleasure to the user. Receptors become insensitive and extreme depression occurs.
While searching the web I found many good articles which explained how neurotransmitters affect personality. In some cases norepinepherin can encourage quick emotional responses like anger and also discourage logical thinking, while serotonin can cause irritability and a lack of rational emotion. All of them can cause anger, anxiety, depression, insecure feelings, and fear. To find out what the characteristics of personality are, I found another site appropriate. It lists 16 types of personality that are controlled by various combinations of 4 dimensions: extrovert vs. introvert, sensor vs. intuitive, thinker vs. feeler, and judger vs. perceiver. You can see how some of these could be determined by neurotransmitters.
Researchers released the first major study on giving guidance on how to treat the disorder. Researchers also discovered that brain scans also gave an indication of what may cause the disorder while helping to suggest a possible method to diagnose it. The brain transmitter chemical dopamine was also labeled and found that people with this disease have 70% more dopamine transporters than health controls. Today we still do not know if it is a cause or effect of the disorder.
The path physiology of Parkinson’s disease is the pathogenesis if Parkinson disease is unknown. Epidemiologic data suggest genetic, viral, and environmental toxins as possible causes. Nigral and basal loss of neurons with depletion of dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, is the principal biochemical alteration in Parkinson disease. Symptoms in basal ganglia disorders result from an imbalance of dopaminergic (inhibitory) and cholinergic (excitatory) activity in the caudate and putamen of the basal ganglia.
Many conducted research by looking into identical twins and their personality types. Even when the twins were separated, they expressed some of the same behaviors and traits as their twin which concluded that some traits are inheritable. This thought can go deeper into the brain through a domain called personality neuroscience where people have discovered the dopamine receptor gene (Pastorino & Doyle-Portillo, pg. 479, 2015). This gene influences the amount of serotonin in the brain and can cause greater anxiety levels in these people. The founding of this gene solidifies the fact that biology and personality are indeed
Drugs seem to cause surges in dopamine neurotransmitters and other pleasure brain messengers. However, the brain quickly adapts and these circuits desensitize, which allows for withdrawal symptoms to occur (3). Drug addiction works on some of the same neurobiological mechanisms that aid in learning and memories (3). "This new view of dopamine as an aid to learning rather than a pleasure mediator may help explain why many addictive drugs, which unleash massive surges of the neurotransmitter in the brain, can drive continued use without producing pleasure-as when cocaine addicts continue to take hits long after the euphoric effects of the drug have worn off or when smokers smoke after cigarettes become distasteful." (4)
Jenner, P. Clues to the mechanism underlying dopamine cell death -in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neurology’ Neurosurqerv, and Psychiatry (1989): 22-28.
Dopamine is a reward chemical in the brain which rewards us every time we do something positive. Addiction comes from that chemical and can be created from various activities. Someone might enjoy jumping off a cliff, eating food, taking drugs or even play video games. Every time your brain enjoys something, dopamine is release and you start feeling good. The reason drug addiction is more complex, your brain will create more dopamine the more drugs you take. Eventually, your body will fight off the foreign product and dopamine will be created in too high dosage. Your body will become addicted to the dopamine, not the drug as previously thought by doctors.
Rammsayer, T. H. (1998). Extraversion and Dopamine: Individual Differences in Response to Changes in Dopaminergic Activity as a Possible Biological Basis of Extraversion. European Psychologist, 3(1), 37-50. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.3.1.37
Depression can have a great impact on someone’s life. Imagine trying to balance these symptoms while in school, work, or being a mother or father. Although while suffering from this disorder there are solutions out there
Nearly all drugs of abuse increase dopamine release. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in drug abuse and addiction. Dopamine plays a role in reward-motivated behaviors, motor control and important hormones. It’s known as the “feel good hormone” which is why people abuse drugs that increase the release of dopamine. Since life is unpredictable, our brains have evolved the ability to remodel themselves in response to our experiences.
Depression isn’t just a state of being, or someone’s mood. There are different types of depression, and each of those types have their own lists of symptoms and treatments, all similar but they have some differences.