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Privatization of airports
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Airport Finance Most airports around the world are under full government ownership whether national, regional or local and are financed mainly through revenue gained from airport activities (aeronautical and non-aeronautical). The other options used to fund airports are ticket surcharges, fuel taxes, bond issues and Airport Improvement Fees (AIFs). Moreover, the cost of infrastructure improvement and building new airports has become so expensive that some governments have now privatized, or allowed the private sector to assume ownership of a certain number of large airports (IATA IAI, 2013). Airport Concession Airport concession is defined as a business located at the airport that engages in the sale of good or services to the public under an agreement with the airport (Lawa, 2016). A Concession is also defined as a payment that the airport authority charges the owner or manager of an operation to conduct commercial activities in the airport (vojvodic, 2011). All the …show more content…
The other key issue is connectivity. Many airlines now see themselves as primarily connecting, rather than the destination. Therefore, airlines place great emphasis on number or airlines that connect at an Airport and the number of destinations served. Airport performance measures Airports can use certain tools to measure their own performance to check whether their operations are in-line with the airport objectives. Airport performance measures are designed to help airports around the world in their performance management efforts by providing a useful set of performance measures across a number of categories. The measures are divided into six categories, referred to as Key Performance Areas (KPAs). The 42 individual measures are referred to as Performance Indicators (PIs) (Wyman, 2012). 1. Performance
Denver International Airport Construction and Operating Costs. (1997, July 5).University of Colorado Boulder. Retrieved April 28, 2011, from http://www.colorado.edu/libraries/govpubs/dia.htm
"Problems" in the airline industry have not risen due to too much competition within the industry. To the contrary, Washington regulators should turn the industry loose in any more ways that it can. Lowering restrictions to enter the market place, emphasizing private ownership of aviation matters, and encouraging open and free competition within the scope of anti-trust law should be the goals of the Clinton Administration. Instead of heading towards re-regulation, Washington should get out of the airline business for good.
Operating an air - express transportation industry requires large capital investments, and therefore it can impede the entry of new firms into the industry. For one, Airborne has already its own set of aircrafts and even operate its own airport, and it would be hard for a new firm to compete with this.
As the nature of air travel is largely logistical, it is hard to talk about the industry without addressing geography. Airlines don't just have to market to customers in terms of geographics, the airline industry is geographic; getting a customer from where they are to where they want to be.
The aviation industry is very difficult to enter, and the threat of new entrants is low. The first and major threat to entry is the initial capital requirements. The development period is over 5 years, with very large initial investment costs, parts costs, and wages are necessary even before the company earn revenues and sell aircrafts. The economies of scale, when the airline company has a substantial order, there are reduction in cost because of discounts on large orders. The new entrant suffers a significant cost, which is a disadvantage compared to established companies. Another risk for the new entrant, the extra supply of products for the substantial order, will decrease prices. The result, the new entrant will
Stakeholders are those groups or individual in society that have a direct interest in the performance and activities of business. The main stakeholders are employees, shareholders, customers, suppliers, financiers and the local community. Stakeholders may not hold any formal authority over the organization, but theorists such as Professor Charles Handy believe that a firm’s best long-term interests are served by paying close attention to the needs of each of these stakeholders. The modern view is that a firm has responsibilities to all its stakeholders i.e. everyone with a legitimate interest in the company. These include shareholders, competitors, government, employees, directors, distributors, customers, sub-contractors, pressure groups and local community. Although a company’s directors owes a legal duty to the shareholders, they also have moral responsibilities to other stakeholder group’s objectives in their entirely. As a firm can’t meet all stakeholders’ objectives in their entirety, they have to compromise. A company should try to serve the needs of these groups or individuals, but whilst some needs are common, other needs conflict. By the development of this second runway, the public and stakeholders are affected in one or other way and it can be positive and negative.
The main opportunities that the scheduled air transportation will have in the next five years are the possible decrease of TSA agents at airports, technology increasing the safety and comfort of the flights for the passengers and the more availability of flights for the consumers to choose from limited airlines.... ... middle of paper ... ... Dixit, A. (2000).
According to Airport Corporate Research Program’s Privatization Guidebook, Privatization refers to the shifting of governmental functions, responsibilities, control, and in some cases ownership, in whole or in part, to the private sponsors (ACRP, 2012, p.1). The term airport privatization is often understood to mean the transfer of an entire airport to ...
Additionally, deregulation and liberalization has accompanied the globalization of the airline industry, so that companies have had to compete against each other in new markets, as well as to gain entry into new territories. The rise of low cost local and regional airlines has made the competitive environment difficult to maneuver for large, formerly-state-subsidized national carriers. This has resulted in the need for strategic alliances between airlines in order to attempt to protect market shares and profits (Friehe and Curti, n.d.).
According to Parmenter (2011, p. 13), Key Performance Indicators (KPI) are a set of measures that assess the organisation performance on how effective the organisation achieve its objectives which are crucial for current and future success of the organisation. Key Performance Indicators (KPI) has been widely used by many organisations and for organisations to identify the right KPIs; it has to have a clear objectives and strategic directions that align with KPIs set.
Within the airline industry currently the airlines can be divided into low cost airlines and full service airlines. The low cost airlines targets customers that are seeking no frills connectivity between cities at low ticket prices. The full service airlines provide several add-ons like free meals, on plane entertainment, and communication facilities. The target market for full service airlines are customers who are willing to spend extra for the services that the airlines provides.
There are several limitations in aviation infrastructure in India for instance parking bays, gates to board passengers, landing slots etc are in short supply. This often leads to massive delays, cancellation and major losses in revenue for many LCCs. For upgraded infrastructure facilities, India’s civil aviation minister Praful Patel said on 15 February 2006 that Indian government defer decision on privatization of International Airport in Delhi and Mumbai. The government aims to set up joint venture to operate these airports and offered 74 per cent stakes. Foreign direct investment (FDI) can hold up to 49 per cent in this transaction, while 25 per cent must be held by private Indian companies. Remaining 26 per cent to be held by Airport Authority of India (AAI) and other government PSUs.
International airlines are greatly affected by trade relations that their country has with others. Unless governments of the two countries trade with each other, there could be restrictions of flying into particular area leading to a loss of potential air traffic (e.g. Pakistan & India)
‘If you can’t measure it, you can’t management it’, [Dan vesset and Brian, M. 2009]. Performance management is concerned with the measurement of results and with studying progress to achieving objectives base on the results. Managing performance can tell you what you’re doing well in, and also reveal areas where you need to make adjustments. Measuring performance tells you how far you’ve gone achieving your ultimate
Airports are vast facilities covering many acres of land where passenger beginning the flight portions of their travels. The first flight by the Wright brothers in Kitty Hawk, NC in 1903 only required a runway. As the technology of flight advanced to offer passenger service, there was soon a need for a building to manage passenger needs. Airports of today provide many key services needed for the traveler whether they are beginning, transferring, or ending their journeys. The demand for air transportation rises each year, according to the Department of Transportation (United States Department of Transportation, 2013) 815.3 passengers traveled by airplanes in 2012. With the demand expected to rise, airports must be able to keep pace with services. There are many different services provided however, this report will discuss terminal design, baggage handling, and ground access.