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Social position of women in society
Struggles of women in achieving authority and power
Social position of women in society
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The impact of gender on power and peace has recently come under substantial inquiry. The main question here is whether both civil and international conflict is considered a predominately masculine concern, or whether this conflict is purely an outcome of a competitive system (Beckman, 1994). This essay will prove that a world in which more women are in positions of power and influence would not create a more peaceful world, and rather, “war is a political relationship between states and has nothing to do with the psychology of the individuals involved” (Nye, 2012). The world would not be a more peaceful place if more women were in positions of power and influence as it completely depends on the circumstances of global politics, and the objectives of the political leader. War and conversely, peace are both gender-neutral states of being.
The idea of a more peaceful word if more women held powerful and influential positions depends fundamentally on the conventional view of females as the most peaceful and pacified gender. It is easily questionable as to whether this outlook is naturally inherent, or if society has assumed these values as the manner in which women are to behave (Cook & Wilcox, 1991). By analysing the characteristics and actions of women who have been in influential and powerful positions, it is clear that those who succeed when in these positions of power tend to show conventionally masculine qualities. For example, bellicose leaders such as Margaret Thatcher, Indira Gandhi and Golda Meir would prove the idea of a more peaceful world if more women were in power as untrue due to all three leaders’ history of war and in Gandhi’s case, a nuclear program. This is because in current politics, the rise to a powerful posi...
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... Gap- A Second Look. Journal of Politics (53), 1111-1122.
Malik, Y. K. (1988). India: The Years of Indira Gandhi. The Netherlands: Brill Academic Pub .
Mikhailova, A. (2014, 03 06). Indira Gandhi: Woman Must Feel Free To Be Herself. Retrieved 05 11, 2014, from Voice of Russia: http://voiceofrussia.com/radio_broadcast/268267688/268267839/
Nye. (2012, . .). A More Peaceful World if Women were in Charge? Retrieved 05 11, 2014, from Global Public Square: http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/08/a-more-peaceful-world-if-women-in-charge
Oxford Dictionaries. (2014, . .). "Peace". Retrieved 05 12, 2014, from Oxford Dictionaries: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/peace
Reardon, B. (1985). Sexism and the War System. New York: Teachers College Press.
Whitworth, S. (1998). Feminism and International Relations. Political Psychology , 19 (2), 421-424.
Native American’s place in United States history is not as simple as the story of innocent peace loving people forced off their lands by racist white Americans in a never-ending quest to quench their thirst for more land. Accordingly, attempts to simplify the indigenous experience to nothing more than victims of white aggression during the colonial period, and beyond, does an injustice to Native American history. As a result, historians hoping to shed light on the true history of native people during this period have brought new perceptive to the role Indians played in their own history. Consequently, the theme of power and whom controlled it over the course of Native American/European contact is being presented in new ways. Examining the evolving
This investigation requires further study of the breakdown of the number of women involved in all levels of the pol...
This misinterpretation and glorification of violence has been one of the major issues as to why inequality still exist. CONCLUSION A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power involves the issues of discrimination and injustice towards women all over the world. Former President Jimmy Carter has raised awareness to everyone in society and made them realize the pure wrongdoings that have occurred.
On September 5, 1995, Hillary Clinton delivered an influential speech at The Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing. Clinton expresses general concern over escalating violence toward women, in other word’s gendercide. “Gendercide refers to the systematic elimination of a specific gender group, normally female. It’s most common in India, China, and other regions in Southeast Asia” (GirlsKind Foundation). Crimes, such as bride trafficking, infanticide, abandonment, and dowry related murder; often take place within private households, going unnoticed and not even acknowledged. “Tragically, women are most often the ones whose human rights are violated. Even now, in the late 20th century, the rape of women continues to be used as an instrument of armed conflict Women and children make up a large majority of the world’s refugees” (Clinton 3). By addressing her speech in Beijing, where gendercide is prevalent, Hillary expressed her objective effectively not just the United Nations, but to audiences across the world. Clinton effectively delivered her speech by portraying her purpose for women to achieve equality and better opportunities, with ethical appeals, emotional appeals, and logical appeals.
All women should hold rights equal to men because a society governed by men and women as a unit would promote stability and peace. In “The Destructive Male” written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Stanton argues through diction and the employment of ethos, pathos, and logos that giving rights to women, and allowing women to hold positions in politics and government, would be beneficial to the whole of society.
...cs should gain its value, and lastly people should vote because it is their responsibility. Moredish Conroy points out, “The traditional ruler view of women rejects the idea that femaleness and political power can coexist.” The traditional idea of what constitute leadership should be rejected. Bashevkin speaks that people must face their own internalized, often unrecognized feelings of discomfort with putting women in positions of power. This should change. Rationally, we all need to engage ourselves in politics because it contributes to our day to day activity. This book is a precondition to change because it promotes awareness by bringing change through monitoring the media, social movements, public opinions, electoral reforms, consensus building, collaboration, stronger motivation, and changing the rule of the game. This assures every citizen, every voice counts.
Dalton, Dennis. “Mahatma Gandhi Selected Political Writings.” Indianapolis, Indiana. 1996. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. 125. Text
The contribution of the feminist standpoint in IR theory definitely sparks discussion and debate bringing forth new perspectives which demand to be heard and considered from the more ‘orthodox’ IR theories, previously privileged assumptions and preconceived ideas. This grand entry for the feminists was towards the denouement of the Cold War in the 1980’s , Kirkpatrick; influential US ambassador of the UN during that period was noted to have said that she felt like a “mouse in a man’s world”. Is this still the case with women worldwide and particularly in the West? Tickner’s groundbreaking work set the foundation and key to early feminist IR. Whilst simultaneously interrogating the core issues in mainstream IR, particularly in peace and security, contingent on feminist bases for gendered grasp of issues that have defined it. In this essay we will firstly try to identify and comment on the emergence of feminism within IR in the 80’s. Secondly, we will pin-point and analyze which contributions were of the greatest importance, predominantly via Tickner and Keohane. Finally we will look at the impact and importance of the different types of feminist theories and whether or not they have achieved at enriching our understanding of IR theory.
The underrepresentation of female’s interests and values is a global phenomenon as there is no country where women are equally represented on all levels of government. Since most women in the Western World gained the right to vote, there is no area of human life or development sector which is immune from the impact of inequitable gender relations. The central thesis of this paper is that women’s underrepresentation in elected office creates serious problems. This paper begins by analysing the key barriers of women to get into politics, especially into leading positions. It will then go on to the argument that women have special interests and needs, and that male politicians cannot represent those concerns adequately. Additionally, this paper describes further problems in today’s political world, such as women’s identification with
During the early 19th century and prior, women were hyper-sexualized as mediocre and suppressed by the male population. Men demanded authority by defining female roles and responsibilities in society. Although all women of time paid the price for male egotistical behaviors, mainly the middle and sometimes upper class were affected. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s critically acclaimed story “The Yellow Wallpaper”, first published in the New England Magazine, in January 1892, is a narrative study of Gilman's own nervousness (Smith). The story analyzes the injustices women faced at the hands of their husbands. The main character is diagnosed with postpartum depression, a type of depression that develops in some women after birthing a baby; and she is put on the resting cure for the summer. Gilman, like the narrator of her story, sought medical help from the famous neurologist, Dr. Weir Mitchell but receive no useful help. Gilman writes of the woman trapped by her husband’s commands when he locks her in a room, forbidden to raise her children because of her “extreme condition” (Gilman 792). The unnamed protagonist remains locked in the room upstairs for weeks, progressively getting worse because she is forced to take prescribed medicine every hour of each day (Gilman 794). She begins to scrutinize the aging and repulsive yellow wallpaper of her room and grows clinically insane as each day passes way. Gilman uses this story to critique the position of women within the institution of marriage, especially as practiced by the respectable classes of the period.
In the novel This Earth Of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, discrimination against social structure, race, and gender is apparent. The setting is in the Indies, or now called Indonesia. At that time, there are terms for different races in the book, which are “Native” indicating someone who is pure Indonesian, “Indo” a half European and half Indonesian, and “Pure Blood” or “European” when someone is pure European. An Indo and a Pure Blood receives more respect in society than a Native. Furthermore, European or Pure Blood is at the top of this social hierarchy, people who are European or Pure Blood receives the utmost respect in society. Differences in gender is prevalent in this novel, where most women in this book have power in their own homes, but in society is looked down upon. Female characters experiencing these are Annelies, the main character’s love interest, Nyai Ontosoroh, Annelies’ mother who is a concubine, and Magda Peters, the main character’s European teacher. Women in this novel are portrayed differently according to what race, social structure, and gender they are born in, which can be seen through Nyai Ontosoroh, Annelies, and Magda Peters.
... for granted. Therefore, it is without a doubt that the incorporation of gender would enrich international relations theory. Tickner, in her critique of Morgenthau has attempted to depict the gender-bias prevalent within the field. By building on Morgenthau’s founding principles in political realism and of international politics, Tickner makes an insightful contribution to the field of international relations by challenging pre-existing paradigms. She is open to Morgenthau’s masculine-embedded principles, and does not refute them but ultimately contends that for complete comprehension of international politics, masculine and feminine contributions must be equally represented. Without a feminist perspective, an incomplete picture of international politics is painted. Feminist perspectives improve our analysis, knowledge and understanding of international politics.
Satrapi, does not think that those are a solution for gender enequallity. the rest of the world, compared to middle Easter woman 's role, was defined by class. there were who needed to work, who did not. during WWI, thanks to the quantity of man who were sent to war, mutilated, or killed. therefore, to cover those spots in society woman were getting more into "male roles." those who need money were force to work. Before that, women were considering mostly baby makers, and the house was their place. At that time, women were starting working and assimilating bigger roles in society. Huda Sha 'rawi, in chapter ten "Feminism And The Peace," makes a call for peace reaching western woman. He does it by proposing liberalistic ideas such as a government that is elected by woman as well as man sharing the responsibility of not crying the rights without participation to the process of it. Miyako Shinohara calls the world woman and man to stop the tension of a possible nuclear war. She tells the story of how radiation, from Hiroshima, treats her and the consequences of it. She to find support, she went into Buddhism. Religion in Iran and others countries, plays the role of antagonist. However in the ideals of liberalism call for religious tolerance. It is important to mention that Shinohara and Satrapi find religious as a salvation from the
Potter, A. (2008). Gender sensitivity : nicety or necessity in peace-process management ? The OSLO Forum Network of Mediators.
The “Politics” section, from the UN’s 2008 report of the progress of the world’s women, discusses in detail how women’s roles in government and politics in general have expanded and can continue to expand. Moreover, it also explores different challenges and obstacles women may encounter when it comes to politics, and how these obstacles can be overcome. In discussing these issues, the author describes a “cycle of political accountability”. This so called cycle is a process by which women’s engagement in politics results in a positive “feedback loop” whereby a more gender-balanced political system may arise. According to the report, there are five stages: mobilization, representation, legislation & policy, implementation, and transforming politics. Of course, the cycle can also go backwards leading to the loss of rights for women.