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Short note on computer history
Science & technology history
Short note on computer history
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As early as 1600 to present day 2012, electricity is being used for the most simplest objects to the most complicated gadget‘s. Today people take electricity for granted simply by just leaving a house light on. Whereas back in the 1600’s a candle was the main source of light. In 1600, a English scientist by the name of William Gilbert was the first person to use the term Electricity. He also wrote about the electrification of many substances. With William Gilbert’s success, many scientist have followed his foot steps which led to the great inventions that we have today. Scientists like Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell have proved and invented many creations that without, humanity would be lost. Benjamin Franklin proved that electricity and lightning are the same and from this he made the lightning rod, which protects buildings and bridges from lighting damage. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone and without this invention communication would lack in today’s society. Thomas Edison was the most productive electrical explorer. He invented the light bulb in 1879 and many other products electricians use or install today. With Edison’s invention, about 499 billion kilowatts-hour are used today for lighting in residential and commercial areas. Electricity is used everywhere throughout our house and every part of our life and without electricity we would still be living in the 1600’s. The discovery of electricity has effected the human experience immeasurably, without the discovery of electricity humans would be deprived of telephones, cars and computers which would cause our lives to be completely different.
The invention of the telephone has changed the human experience intensely. It has put the li...
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Steuart, William Mott. "Telephones and Telegraphs: 1902." Google Books. Govt. Print. Off.1906. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. .
Swedin, Eric G. "Computers:." Google Books. JHU Press, 2007. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. .
Woodside, Martin. "Thomas A. Edison:." Google Books. Sterling Publishing Company, 2007. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. .
Internet Cited
K, Marian. "Alexander Graham Bell's Inventions." Buzzle.com. Buzzle.com, 01 Jan. 0000. Web. 01 Mar. 2012. .
Kirschbaum, Erik. "Environment Forum." How Much Electricity Do You Use in a Year? 16 Jan. 2009. Web. 01 Mar. 2012. .
Technology is something that seems to be on everyone’s mind in today’s society. Does it really help? When it comes to medicine, there have been huge medical advances with help from technology, saving thousands of lives all over the world. Our society has been forever changed with the introduction of the smartphone; getting movies, music and news faster than ever before. But what about education? Does technology go too far and interfere with the learning process, and relationship between professor and student? Smartboards, laptops, tablets and smartphones are becoming more and more frequent in today’s classrooms. It helps teachers engage the students in their work, and it caters to different types of learning between students. However, our progress
In the essay “Our Cell Phones, Our Selves” written by Christine Rosen, the author presents a brief history on how cell phones were introduced into society and how this artifact changed people’s interactions in the physical space. Rosen describes the first cell phone that appeared in 1983 as “hardly elegant,” big and expensive (458). Cell phones at that time were mainly used by important and affluent people. However, seven years later, cell phones became smaller and affordable provoking a big change in society. This big technological advance did not only affect the United States, but the entire world.
The most important thing when interacting with other human beings is being able to communicate one another. People’s first mechanical way of communicating was with the invention of the telegraph, which was at first run by gas. It wasn’t until 1836, when Samuel F.B Morse, Alfred Vail, and Joseph Henry invented Morse code that our civilization had would be able to electronically communicate. Soon after, the first telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell which allowed people to vocally converse electronically from miles away. The invention of the telephone was then modified and eventually converted into a mobile cellular phone by Martin Cooper in...
In 1983, Motorola released its first cell phone, known as the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, which offered 30 minutes of talk-time, six hour standby, and could store 30 phone numbers. By that time, cell phones were extremely expensive -- the DynaTAC 8000X costs 3995 dollars, and the cellular network was limited. To analyze the development and interpretative flexibility of the cell phone at its early stage, we must first introduce social groups that were related to the artefact. The users of the artefact were the most important social group. At the time, users were mainly constructed by businessmen, managers, politicians, doctors,big companies, military etc. who had high income and had to remain in contact with others occasionally. For them, the cell phones were the extension of corded phones that helps keeping the communication on without the limit of ranges. Thus, the problems that this social group had with cell phones are rather clear. The cell phones were too big and heavy, the talking time was too short for frequent users, and the nu...
On March 10th, 1876, a revolutionary invention was created by Alexander Graham Bell. The telephone was invented to send vibrations from one receiver to another electrically (History.com ‘Speech Transmitted by Telephone’ accessed on March 11, 2014), and due to Alexander Graham Bell accidentally discovering that he could hear the sound of a ‘clock spring twanging’ (Marry Bellis, ‘The History of the Telephone’ accessed on March 11, 2014), that was possible. The invention of the telephone permitted new levels of communication, allowed families connect around the world, and improved military systems, but also served negative consequences, such as breached privacy. If two people wanted to have a conversation, they would have to write letters back and forth, but with the telephone they were able to pick up the receiver, dial the number, and be connected in a matter of minutes. Telephones enabled long-distance communication, which allowed families to converse despite their location. Military officials and soldiers were also able to stay in touch through field telephones as well as keep contact with the president. Although telephones were originally placed in general stores or other major city locations and homes/neighborhoods that were wired (Elon.edu ‘World Changes Due to the Telephone’ accessed on April 2, 2014), telephones became commonly used in homes in the early twentieth century when telephones began to connect internationally.
Edison is most famous for the development of the first electric light bulb. Like I said Edison was born into a time where America wasn’t very developed. He was born, and electricity had not been developed. But thanks to Edison when he had passed away on October 18, 1931 whole cities were lit up in electricity. For electricity, much of the credit goes to Edison.
The history of engineering goes back into the 19th century when Alexander Volta (1745-1827) made a remarkable discover regarding the nature of electricity (Cosgrove 749). He discovered that electrical current could be controlled and could flow from one point to another. By the time the mid-19th century came about the rules for electricity were being established. During this time electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday who lived from 1791 to 1867 (749). Also during this time Samuel Morris invented the telegraph in 1837 which relies on the principles of electromagnetic induction (749). Alexander Graham Bell, who lived from 1847 to 1922, created the telephone which also uses electricity in order to operate (749). Through the success of the telephone, Bell Telephone Company was established. In 1878, the light bulb was finally invented by Thomas Edison who lived from 1847 to 1931 (749). Off the principles of Faraday’s electric motor from 1821, Nicholas Tesla invented a more efficient and powerful electric motor in 1888 (749). To make these inventions be more significant, effort was expended to make better motors and transformers and to enhance the power needed to make them function. Through these inventions during the middle 19th century, it led to the capability of lighting homes and cities through the use of electricity, and it also led to the creation of the telephone communication system (750).
Humans these days take electricity for granted. We don’t truly understand what life was like without it. Most young adults will tell you their life does not depend on electricity, but they aren’t fooling anyone. They all know that their life depends on electricity; whether it’s television, their phone, Google, or the lights in their house. We need to stop taking those things for granted and give credit where credit is due. That is why I chose to write about the scientists who contributed to the discovery of electricity, which then helped modern scientists fuel the electricity phenomenons we now have today.
Technology Then to Now Throughout time, machines, no matter how simple or complex, have played a vital role in the development of civilization into the future. In other words, machines have played a part in helping our culture develop into what it has become today. This dates back to the beginning of time when an early man used a stick and a fulcrum (rock) to make a simple lever. Technology:
In 500 B.C. the abacus was first used by the Babylonians as an aid to simple arithmetic. In 1623 Wihelm Schickard (1592 - 1635) invented a "Calculating Clock". This mechanical machine could add and subtract up to 6 digit numbers, and warned of an overflow by ringing a bell. J. H. Mueller comes up with the idea of the "difference engine", in 1786. This calculator could tabulate values of a polynomial. Muellers attempt to raise funds fails and the project was forgotten. Scheutz and his son Edward produced a 3rd order difference engine with a printer in 1843 and their government agreed to fund their next project.
Engineer dates back to 1325 when an engine’er, someone who operates an engine, was referred to by a conductor as an engineer. (Ford)
Light bulb is one of the most influential inventions in the word. It makes us work more productive at night and helps us enjoy more activities at night. It significantly change people lives all over the world. The born of light bulb also helped us by making more inventions that related to light, such as phones, televisions, and computes. By using light bulb, we actually reduced the probability of having fire accidents because if we don’t have light bulb, we will use candles instead which can cause fire easily. There are a lot more benefits we get from light bulb, and all of these are credited to Thomas Alva Edison.
Thousands of years ago calculations were done using people’s fingers and pebbles that were found just lying around. Technology has transformed so much that today the most complicated computations are done within seconds. Human dependency on computers is increasing everyday. Just think how hard it would be to live a week without a computer. We owe the advancements of computers and other such electronic devices to the intelligence of men of the past.
Electricity has become a basic necessity for most people all over the world. We are depending on electricity for our everyday lives and if one day we did not have electricity we would have difficulty going through the day. I think we need to be more dependent on things that do not use electricity and only use electricity sometimes as a treat so just in case if one day electricity all goes away we could still live comfortably and still have a great life even without it.