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Id the cause and consequences of the great migration
What were the positive and negative consequences of the great migration
What were the positive and negative consequences of the great migration
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During 1910-1970 the great migration was taking place, which was the movement of southern African American’s to the north/northern cities. The great migration was an event that seemed as if it was unstoppable and that it was going to happen. In the South African American’s faced racial discrimination, sharecropping, bad working conditions, low wages, racial segregation and political detriments. This is all supported by documents 1-4. The great migration was an event which helped improve the conditions for African Americans in America. Starting off before ww1 majority of northern blacks were manual laborers, domestic servant or both. In the south most were sharecropper’s manual laborers and domestic servants. This was until the event of ww1 causing a change in economy to a war economy needing industrial weapons opening up manufacturing jobs in the north. The wages for these jobs were higher than agriculturally based wages in the south. This is supported by document #1 which states “it is estimated that 400,000 African Americans took manufacturing jobs in northern cities before the end of World War 1”. Document 1 also states “A …show more content…
second factor contributing to migration was that wages in the north were higher than the agriculturally based wages in the south”. Jobs and wages were an improvement in the north for African American’s. Moving on for a high percentage of African Americans their way of making money depended on sharecropping. According to document #2 “Sharecropping was a landlord-tenant relationship in which the tenant cultivated the owners land and received a percentage of the profits, in either money or crops. Sharecropping was not a reliable source of income at all, in fact many Sharecropping African Americans were constantly in debt to their landowner. As stated in document 2 “ Often the tenants had to buy or rent seeds, equipment and animals from land owners”. Having to pay money while basically having none resulted in debt for African American Sharecroppers. Sharecropping wasn’t reliable it was a source of oppression for African Americans. Looking past sharecropping we take a deeper look into the statistical numbers and percentage on jobs and occupations that African Americans had in 1930 according to document #3 which all information for this paragraph will be from. The top 5 occupations for “African American Heads of Household” are laborers at 26.7%, porters at 15%, housekeepers at 5.3%, chauffeurs at 2.5%, and cooks at 2.3% and unemployed at 11.1%. These percentages show that most African American worked hard low paying jobs. The top 5 industries for this category are railroad at 18%, private family at 9.8%, construction at 6.3%, and garage at 5.0% and building at 4.8%. This shows that even though African Americans got a higher paying job in industry but still worked lower hard working industrial jobs. The jobs in which African American’s worked were all hard jobs it all depended on the pay of the job that made it seem worth the travel for African Americans. Lastly in the south African Americans were segregated by Jim crow laws and had their voting rights restricted.
Their voting rights were restricted by them having to pass difficult literacy tests, pay a large poll tax, own property or were threatened with violence as according to Document #4. African Americans had been separated and had their voice in politics taken away from them by these racial and discriminatory laws. The north was a much better place for African Americans because they would have more of a voice and not have to deal with the intensity of laws such as Jim Crow or deal with poll tax. In document #4 it states “Not having a voice in government was one of the reasons Eddie McDonald migrated to Chicago, Illinois”. African Americans were going to the north to have a voice in government as well as the other benefits of the
north. To conclude the great migration helped to improve the conditions for African Americans in America. The North held so many advantages for African Americans as opposed to the disadvantages and detriments in the South. The North had better wages, better jobs, granted a bigger voice in politics to African American’s and overall elevated the standard of living for them. Before the great migration African Americans conditions in America were horrible. With the event of the great migration it helped better the conditions of African Americans in America
Among the many reasons for the Black people to migrate to the North were: the subordinate status of the Black people to the whims of the white communities; a belief of more opportunities for jobs, education, and the freedom to live the lives guaranteed them in the 13th,14th, and 15th amendments to the constitution of the United States of America, and to be free of the extreme punishments for noncompliance of the Jim Crow Laws inundated throughout the southern states after Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. The Ida Mae Brandon Gladney family was an example of these migratory people.
Cleveland’s black population was quite small before the “Great Migration” in 1915, but then began to gradually increase. This meant that black associations and leadership depended very much on white support. The socioeconomic position of blacks, however, at the same time, got worse as whites got stricter on discriminatory control over employment and public places. After 1915, Cleveland’s black population grew quickly, starting racist trends. One of the results was segregation of the living conditions of blacks, their jobs, and in social aspects. As isolation increased, however, this began the growth of new leaders and associations that responded to the needs of the ghettos. By 1930, the black ghetto had expanded; Cleveland’s blacks had increased class stratification in their community, as well as an increasing sense of cultural harmony in response to white prejudice.
The author skirts around the central issue of racism by calling it a “class struggle” within the white population of Boston during the 1960s and 1970s. Formisano discuses the phenomenon known as “white flight”, where great numbers of white families left the cities for the suburbs. This was not only for a better lifestyle, but a way to distance themselves from the African Americans, who settled in northern urban areas following the second Great Migration.
In the north the blacks only had menial jobs. Menial jobs were basically jobs that you needed no skill and received small pay. Jobs of skill were kept away from blacks. If blacks tried to get the skill jobs they were either turned away or beat up by workers.
From WWI there was not just causes, there were impacts from how it infected the United States. In the following documents; Great Migration, Serbia/Austria- Hungary, Flu, and Labor, this is how WWI impacted the United States. In Doc. 1 Great Migration, lasting from 1916- 1930, was between African Americans moving North to West due to the way the African Americans were getting treated. Due to the Great Migration, there were push and pull factors towards their movement. Push factors towards the African Americans were the terrible conditions they faced and the treatment of hate crimes. Pull factors towards the movement was the idea of a better life. The African Americans should be treated with respect so they moved because they were poor and treated awful. Also the economic
80% of all labor force in the South worked on farms. Southern men not working in agriculture had careers in the military. The long, warm southern summers with significant amounts of rainfall created perfect conditions for large plantations and small farmsteads. Plantation estates were owned by the wealthy upper-class, whereas, the farms were owned by the middle and lower classes. Plantations were self-sufficient and cultivated most of the cash crops including cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar cane, and indigo. As a matter of fact, as said by John Green in Crash Course U.S. History, “...three-quarters [of the world’s cotton] came from the American south…” (CrashCourse, 00:01:08-00:01:11). The success of the South’s economy was predominantly due to the large population of Africans, however, of the four-million blacks in the South, not all were slaves, but the crops grown in the south were almost always sown, worked, and harvested by captured Africans. Although, two-thirds of the white population of the South did not own slaves, many rented and borrowed them like property, to work their land. Most white southerners argued that slavery was essential to the South’s economy and some insisted it benefited the slaves. By 1860, the southern states’ “‘peculiar institution’...[became] inextricably tied” (“Overview: North and South”) within
The Great Migration was a movement of millions of African Americans out of the southern part of the United States. From the south they moved all over north, east and west. It occurred between 1915 and 1970, it occurred because African Americans were trying to get far away from the south because even though they were allowed to be free people didn’t accept that and would abuse African Americans. The Jim Crow Laws were a series of laws that states had to enforce segregation in the south part of the United States. Because of the Jim Crow Laws there was nearly 4000 African Americans lynched in the south. During WWI the black population in Chicago more than doubled. Even though there was no Jim Crow Laws in Chicago there was segregation being
The great migration is the relocation of millions of African-Americans from rural cities in the south to the urban bigger
But people who decided to give up their american citizenship to confederacies while the war was going on was not allowed to vote during 1867; the army/ congress gave 703,000 black men, and 627,000 white men the opportunity to vote. After the war numbers of white men came from the north to live and help black people in the south. So when the elections had came the newcomers were candidates and many of them were elected. As a result many black men had been elected and the new state government was controlled mostly by black men and their friends. They were called reconstruction governments. The reconstruction governments wanted to make it better for black people. Mostly for their lack of education before the civil war. Only rich white people were allowed to go to school and poor black and white kids did not go to school. So the reconstruction government made schools all over the south for everyone to attend. However under the American constitution it states all schools must be funded from the money within the state. However the south states did not have any
Because the Great Depression significantly reduced employment opportunities in the North for blacks, the rate of Southern black emigration slowed significantly during the 1930s. The Great Depression, though, increased the number of African American migrant workers. “The Great Depression also witnessed the entry of African Americans into the ranks of organized labor in unprecedented numbers. The formation in 1938 of the Congress of Industrial Organizations, an outgrowth of the American Federation of Labors Committee for Industrial Organization established in 1935, was crucial to this development” (statelib).
The Great Migration, lasting from 1916 through the 1970s, was a large-scale migration of African Americans living in the South towards the North. During this time, about 6 million people made the move. Many factors led these individuals to pack up and leave the South. Most left due to the way they were being treated by the racist whites of the South, who at this time were still lynching, abusing their control, and discriminating against African Americans both in the workforce and in society. Furthermore, at this time the Jim Crow Laws were still being enforced, allowing for legal abuse of the Black population in most southern states and bordering ones. The North and West were very compelling to these people because it offered them opportunity
Today if we go to any part of the country, we will see people from different places coming and residing in a community different from theirs. The reasons for migration are many, but the most common of all, is migration for labour purpose. Migration within and across national borders has become quite easy. All thanks to enhancement in transportation and communication. This has led to better information flows, thereby, acting as a chief factor for migration.
Within the field of archaeology, migration theory has become somewhat of a fad, one in which it rises and falls in popularity as new information or tools are developed. While migration and archaeology often go hand in hand, particularly when discussing prehistoric populations, archaeologists often find it hard to incorporate migration studies into their research studies. The appropriate tools for incorporating migration seamlessly into research methods are still in their infancy. As a result, archaeologists often interoperate migration as something chaotic and poorly understood (Anthony 1990). It stands to reason that archaeologists are having such a hard time incorporating migration into everyday research when one comprehensive definition of Migration has yet to be reached (Willers 2008).
Migration is defined as the movement of people from one place to another. The movement can be within a short distance or within a long distance. Human populations have a vast history of several migration patterns that occurred during different periods in history including the pre-modern periods. According to Koslowski (376), there are several factors that lead to the migration of people from one place to another. Some of these factors include increased human population, political instability, natural calamities such as drought and disasters, and religious conflicts. The migrating communities have several impacts in their new place of settlement. Some of the effects include the spread of culture, the spread of religion, and the introduction
Every year, most Countries losses half of its active population to migration. This Countries are left behind in the areas such as developmental and economical. The government and the people living in that Country suffers the consequences such as low productivity and poor academic performance due to lack of qualified teachers. People emigrate from their native countries for Economic, Familial, and Educational reasons.