During the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries, piracy was rampant in the Atlantic, specifically in the West Indies. Piracy has existed since the earliest days of ocean travel, for a range of personal and economic reasons. However, one of the major reasons why piracy was wide spread and rampant in the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries was Great Britain’s endorsement and usage of piracy as an asset; in wars fought in the New World. Great Britain with its expanding power and conflicts with other nations would make piracy a lifestyle and lay down the foundation for the Golden Age of Piracy and eventually bring what it created to a screeching halt.
Piracy flourished openly in the New World, but more so in the West Indies. Within the West Indies, was a wide assortment of islands, such as Jamaica, Curacao, and Tortuga, Hispaniola and others, which held many resources and was suitable for colonization. There European settlements, which were only a few days between each other by sea travel, would be in almost constant warfare with one another; due to much larger conflicts being fought in Europe. To expand settlements in the New World, criminals and the poor, including indentured servants were sent to colonize and form societies. Therefore, creating a culture were illegal activities such as piracy was for most the only viable economic path to survive, and improve their current social, political and economic status.
Piracy was well established in the West Indies, before the English started to colonize the New World. France was the first nation to employ corsairs to raid Spanish holdings in the Caribbean during the wars between Francis the 1st and Charles V. France and other nations such as England would hire privateers by o...
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...ble the English to pursue and hang the rogues of the sea effectively.
The English government made piracy into what it is now known in fables and stories today. By sanctioning piracy through the use of privateering, England effectively chipped away at Spain's hold and newfound wealth in the New World. However, by supporting and funding acts of piracy by men such as John Hawkins, Sir Francis Drake and Henry Morgan, the English encouraged others to set off in search of fame and fortunes which most of time, these men turned to criminality. But with a newfound desire of peace, England cut off its ties with its former employees thus leading to the golden age of piracy; where any vessel and coastal town was considered fair game for plundering. Thus England spent countless resources and years trying to recapture the seas and close the Pandora's Box they helped open.
The aforementioned topics of establishment in the New World and treatment of slaves on plantations were recurring throughout the book. The book did a good job illustrating why Caribbean countries like Barbados were central in the triangular trade between England, the West Indies, and America commonly comes up in middle school history classes. One of the hard to believe aspects of the book is the idea that merchants seemed to stumble into their fortune and were only where they were due to the work done by the slaves from before sun rise to after sun
More than half of American goods produced for export went to Great Britain, and acts were in effect that gave England more control over colonial exports (Navigation Acts and White Pines Acts are two examples). However, the West Indies played a vital role in preserving American credit in Europe, illustrating that Americans had developed economic differences that distinguished them from the British. They were able to trade with other places throughout the world, not just England. Without the source of income from the West Indies, colonists wouldn’t have been able to pay for manufactured items they purchased in the mother country. An expanding coastal and overland trade also brought colonists of different backgrounds into more frequent contact. Ships that sailed between New England and South Carolina, and between Virginia and Pennsylvania, provided dispersed Americans with a means to exchange ideas and experiences on a more regular basis, which represents both a social and economic difference from the British. Thus, the Americans of the eighteenth century tried to create a society that mirrored the English society they had known. In doing so, they were exposed to a world of ideas, leading them to develop some of their own. These ideas allowed for the development of social and economic differences, which distinguished them from the British and allowed them to develop an “American” cultural
Firstly, the Caribbean smuggling was viewed as necessary and positive in the late eighteenth century. According to William Taggart, a British sailor traveling to testify at his smuggling trial in April 1760, the illegal transportation of goods from the Spanish port of Monte Christi led to general prosperity in the area, as there were only 100 relatively poor families and that the governor had full knowledge of this and demanded a tax of one silver Spanish coin. Taggart mi...
Cordingly’s book Under the Black Flag: The Romance and Reality of Life Among the Pirates tells the story of many different pirates of different time periods by the facts. The book uses evidence from first hand sources to combat the image of pirates produced by fictional books, plays, and films. Cordingly explains where the fictional ideas may have come from using the evidence from the past. The stories are retold while still keeping the interest of the audience without having to stray from the factual
In 1492, Christopher Columbus in his quest to validate his claim that the world was round and that it should belong to his Spanish patrons, the king and queen of Spain, set sail on his ship Santa Maria. He soon discovered the “New World”, which was new to him, but not to the Antiguans who lived there. Cultural imperialism was one of the most prominent means Western countries like Spain and Britain used to colonize other parts of the world at the beginning of the fifteenth century. The Cambridge dictionary defines cultural imperialism as one “culture of a large and powerful country, organization, etc. having a great influence on other less powerful country.”
It is ironic that the entire notion of privateering began in Great Britain. In 1649 a frigate named Constant-Warwick was constructed in England for a privateer in the employ of the Earl of Warwick.
Blackbeard began his pirating career sometime after 1713, as an ordinary crewmember aboard a Jamaican sloop commanded by the pirate Benjamin Hornigold. In 1716, Hornigold supplied Teach with a small crew, and a small captured vessel to command. By 1717 Hornigold and Teach were sailing in alliance, and together were feared throughout the seas. In November 1717, Hornigold and Teach were able to capture a 26 gun French vessel called the Concorde (recent research has shown that the vessel had originally been built in Great Britain). Blackbeard’s pirate partner, Hornigold, decided to take advantage of a recent offer of general amnesty from the British Crown- and retire in comfort. Teach rejected t...
Piracy in the early 19th century was popular with over an estimated 10,000 participants. Historians believe it was so successful predominately in this region due to the lucrative trade routes between New Orleans, South America and Puerto Rico. Pirates found it easy to travel in secret while covered by the geography of the surrounding coastline. Political turmoil in the first half of the 19th century facilitated these acts. Spanish pirates, in particular, found success due to their longtime protection from Cuba and Puerto Rico which made the Caribbean an agreeable place to repair, recruit, relax, and sell their winnings. Neutral countries, such as the United States, were drawn into this arena when privateers moved from targeting their prizes to attacking any readily available vessels in the area.
...sold into slavery in the West Indies, while others faced disease, cultural disruption, and the loss of their lands.
The immediate cause of the European voyages of discovery was the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. While Egypt and Italian city-state of Venice was left with a monopoly on ottoman trade for spices and eastern goods it allowed Portugal and Spain to break the grip by finding an Atlantic route. Portugal took the lead in the Atlantic exploration because of the reconquest from the Muslims, good finances, and their long standing seafaring traditions. In dealing with agriculture, The Portuguese discovered Brazil on accident, but they concentrated on the Far East and used Brazil as a ground for criminals. Pernambuco, the first area to be settled, became the world’s largest sugar producer by 1550. Pernambuco was a land of plantations and Indian slaves. While the market for sugar grew so did the need for slaves. Therefore the African Slave start became greatly into effect. Around 1511 Africans began working as slaves in the Americas. In 1492, Columbus embarked on his voyage from Spain to the Americas. The Euro...
Throughout the film there are parts of historical piracy that are shown. In the start of the film, pirate Hector Barbossa is shown as a new privateer for the English. It is revealed that Captain Barbossa is not sailing the seas for the King, but instead
The Golden Age of Piracy began around 1650, and ended around 1730. Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence at sea, but can include acts committed on land, in the air, or in other major bodies of water or on a shore. It does not normally include crimes committed against persons traveling on the same vessel as the criminal. The term has been used throughout history to refer to raids across land borders by non-state agents. A pirate is one who commits robberies at sea, usually without being allotted to do so by any particular nation. The usual crime for piracy can include being hung, or publically executed. Some of the most famous pirates who were killed either because of piracy, or because of natural causes, are Barbarossa, Stede Bonnet, Anne Bonney, Sir Francis Drake, Captain Greaves, William Kidd, Jean Laffite, Sir Henry Morgan, Mary Read, and Giovanni da Verrazano.
Routine activity theory satisfies the answer to why ransom, resources, and waste piracy occurs. The theory provides insight and an alternative approach to the notion that pirates terrorists, seeking money and power. Piracy will continue until the international community recognizes Somalia’s instability, the illegal dumping of waste and extraction of resources occurring in Somali waters. Resources and waste piracy would cease with the reformation of Somalia’s government. If authority figures were present, the illegal intruders could be held accountable for their actions. An improvement in Somalia’s economy would reduce, if not prevent, ransom piracy from occurring. If Somalis had valuable and paying occupations on land, they would not need to resort to other means of compensation (Bahadur 2011).
From the time the Caribbean and the European civilizations have been documented there has always been a tendency to distort their history because of the contemporary image of a relaxed island lifestyle and a paradise for tourism. The history of each Caribbean nation is unimaginable due to the display of greed by the European nations; they recognized the Caribbean as an essential conquest because it was a terrific source of economic expansion. Determined purely by financial gain, they began to perform vicious task such as genocide, force immigration, and slavery. The modern system in the Caribbean economy that is highly dependent on wealthy foreign powers stemmed from its early development. Today this system is still in use throughout the whole Caribbean.
Drake made several voyages to the Caribbean with English seaman John Hawkins in the 1560’s, which were the early years of Drake’s career. They were not privateering voyages, but attempts to smuggle Spanish goods into the colonies. On the third voyage Hawkins’ fleet of six ships, one commanded by Sir Francis Drake, were driven into the Gulf of Mexico by a hurricane. The ships were led into the Vera Cruz port and demanded supplies. The Spanish however had a different plan of assaulting and killing many men and destroying four ships. Drake and Hawkins returned to England safely but, this incident led to Drake’s desire for revenge on the Spaniards.