The Glass Menagerie
Introduction
The Glass Menagerie was written by Tennessee Williams and first opened on the 31st of March, 1945 (“Tennessee Williams Biography”). Williams was born in Columbus, Missouri on March 26th, 1911 as Thomas Lanier Williams III (“Tennessee Williams Biography”). The Williams family moved to a larger city, St. Louis, while Thomas was growing up. The new urban environment turned Thomas to writing and staying indoors (“Tennessee Williams Biography”). He was predominately raised by his mother, Edwina Williams, and had a complicated relationship with his father, Cornelius Williams (“Tennessee Williams Biography”). His relationships along with his parent’s marriage provided fuel for Williams in his writings (“Tennessee Williams
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He began his education at the University of Missouri, but his father made him withdrawal shortly after due to his girlfriend being enrolled in the same school (“Tennessee Williams Biography”). While working in a shoe factory that he despised, Williams turned to writing to escape from work (“Tennessee Williams Biography”). Tennessee returned to St. Louis to connect with several poets and finished his education at the University of Iowa with a degree in journalism (“Tennessee Williams Biography”). He moved to New Orleans shortly after college where his works were inspired by the city living (“Tennessee Williams Biography”). William’s The Glass Menagerie was his first play to open on Broadway (“Tennessee Williams Biography”). A Streetcar Named Desire won Tennessee his first Pulitzer Prize and Drama Critics’ Award. (“Tennessee Williams Biography”). William’s play Battle of Angels was his first to be adapted into a screenplay (“Tennessee Williams Biography”). Many of his plays have been adapted into movies and stared great actors and actresses of the time (“Tennessee Williams Biography”). Tennessee Williams died in New York, New York on February 25th, …show more content…
Louis apartment during the great depression. The play is narrated by Tom Wingfield, the son, who tells of a few days in the family’s home. Amanda, the mother, is uneducated and without a stable job and depends entirely on Tom for financial support. Mr. Wingfield abandoned the family and Amanda fears that Tom will do the same. Laura, the daughter, is disabled and lives at home at twenty-three years old. Laura spends most of her time caring and cleaning her collection of glass menagerie. Tom works in a shoe factory where he despises every second of his time. He uses his free time to go to the movies and write poetry. At the beginning of the play, Amanda is directing Tom on how to eat his dinner, that he responds with anger. Shortly after, Amanda learns that Laura has dropped out of school and becomes infuriated. Laura suffers from shyness due to the brace on her leg from pleurosis making a thundering noise. She confessed that she had been walking the park each and every day instead of attending classes. With Laura depleting her chance of a future, Amanda suggests that Laura must now find a gentleman caller to take care of her financially. Amanda keeps recalling her times as a young southern belle in finding a gentleman caller and having seventeen at one time. She is focused on finding a suitable caller for her daughter and asks Tom for his help in doing so. Tom finds a young man to bring home
2.“Remember Tennessee Williams.” Tom Sullivan. 21 June 2000. http://www.lambda.net/~maximum/williams.html Roudane, Mathew C. Ed. The Cambridge Companion to Tennessee Williams. New York: Cambridge Press, 1997 Williams, Tennessee. “The Glass Menagerie”. Anthology of American Literature: From Realism to the Present. By Tennessee Williams. Ed. McMichael, George et. al. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2000. 1445-
The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams is a touching play about the lost dreams of a southern family and their struggle to escape reality. The play is a memory play and therefore very poetic in mood, setting, and dialogue. Tom Wingfield serves as the narrator as well as a character in the play. Tom lives with his Southern belle mother, Amanda, and his painfully shy sister, Laura. The action of the play revolves around Amanda's search to find Laura a "gentleman caller. The Glass Menagerie's plot closely mirrors actual events in the author's life. Because Williams related so well to the characters and situations, he was able to beautifully portray the play's theme through his creative use of symbolism.
The Glass Menagerie closely parallels the life of the author. From the very job Tennessee held early in his life to the apartment he and his family lived in. Each of the characters presented, their actions taken and even the setting have been based on the past of Thomas Lanier Williams, better known as Tennessee Williams.
Tennessee Williams was a well renowned playwright, who highlighted his personal experiences in his plays and stories. He had a colorful life and he enjoyed writing about what was considered taboo subjects in the 1940's, 1950's and the 1960's. Williams explored homosexuality, alcoholism, violence, greed and sex.
The Glass Menagerie first opened on March 31, 1945. It was the first big success of Tennessee Williams’ career. It is in many ways about the life of Tennessee Williams himself, as well as a play of fiction that he wrote. He says in the beginning, “I give you truth in the pleasant disguise of illusion'; (1147). The characters Tom, Laura, and Amanda are very much like Williams, his sister Rose, and his mother Edwina. We can see this very clearly when we look at the dialogue, and the relations between the action in the play and the actions in Tennessee Williams’ life.
In 1929, he attended the University of Missouri, and won prizes for writing. He failed ROTC because of weakness in his legs caused by childhood diphtheria. His father removed him from the university just before his senior year because of financial reasons and disappointment in his son. His father got him a job in a warehouse of the International Shoe Company. Tennessee worked by day and wrote by night. He suffered a nervous collapse and spent a month in the hospital. He went to his grandparent's home in Memphis, Tennessee to recuperate. In 1935 he attended Washington University with his grandparent's help. There he wrote plays for the Mummers Theatre Group. In 1937 he attended the University of Iowa, studied under Professor E.C. Mabie, and received his B.A. degree. After graduation, he went to New Orleans after learning of his sister's lobotomy (Encyclopedia of World Drama, p. 410).
Laura's mother and brother shared some of her fragile tendencies. Amanda, Laura's mother, continually lives in the past. Her reflection of her teenage years continually haunts Laura. To the point where she forces her to see a "Gentleman Caller" it is then that Tom reminds his mother not to "expect to much of Laura" she is unlike other girls. But Laura's mother has not allowed herself nor the rest of the family to see Laura as different from other girls. Amanda continually lives in the past when she was young a pretty and lived on the plantation. Laura must feel she can never live up to her mothers expectations. Her mother continually reminds her of her differences throughout the play.
As Winfield 's wife, Amanda is worthy of love and respect. Amanda is a southern lady, when she was young, she had an attractive appearance and graceful in manner, and her families were also quite rich. These favorable conditions made her the admiration of many men. Still, her final choice was a poor boy. She did not hesitate and bravely to choose her own love. Though her marriage was not as good as she had imagined the happiness of life, and the husband, Winfield meager income also drinking heavily, finally abandoned Amanda and two young children, but she still remembered and loved her husband. Her husband 's weakness did not make Amanda fall down; instead, she was brave enough to support the family, raising and educating of their two young children. Daughter Laura was a disability to close her fantasy world, and she was collection of a pile of glass small animals as partners. Amanda knew Laura sensitive, fragile, she was always in the care and encourages her daughter. Because of her shortcomings, Laura sometimes frustrated and Amanda immediately replied that "I 've told you never, never to use that word. Why, you 're not crippled, you just have a little defect". Amanda for the care of the children was more reflected a mother 's strong from the play that Amanda paid money to send Laura to typing school. She hoped daughter have a better future and married a good man to take care of the family, and encouraged her daughter, prompting her to go out of the glass menagerie to experience her real life, but Amanda placed more expectations for his son Tom because her husband left home, Tom is the only man and the mainstay of the family. She wanted Tom to realize that is a kind of family responsibility, also is a kind of essential social
Tennessee Williams was also inspired to write by the writers he grew up with. During college, he saw a production of Ibsen's Ghosts, which inspired him to become a playwright. After graduating from the University of Iowa in 1938, he moved to New Orleans to launch his career as a writer. Here he found himself affected by the works of such writers as Arthur Rimbaud, Hart Crane, and D.H. Lawrence. He wrote the play I Rise in Flame, Cried the Phoenix, which dramatized the events surrounding Lawrence's death. He considered it a tribute to a writer he greatly respected and admired.
The family dynamics for Tennessee Williams are evident of a lifestyle of despondency and tension within the household. Tennessee Williams mother Edwina Williams she considered herself a Southern Belle, and his sister Rose Williams was a sickly adolescent whom he shared his imaginative dramatizations with as he transcribed his plays. While Williams was in graduate school at the University of Iowa, Rose was institutionalized for schizophrenia and was underwent a pre-font lobotomy. “The symbolization of lobotomy in the “Glass Menagerie” play signifies the hurt that Tennessee Williams felt by his parents by not collaborating to him that his sister underwent surgery. In the play, Williams substitutes the mental illness of his real sister, with a physical limitation “a limp” which Williams substituted for the mental illness of his real sister, Rose. Even the father’s absence reflects periods when his bullying sales man father, Cornelius Coffin Williams, would go on the road, leaving Tom, Edwina and Rose at one another’s mercies (Charles Matthews, 1996-2016).”
Tennessee Williams was born on March 26, 1911. He was the second child of Edwina and Cornelius Coffin Williams. His father was a shoe salesman who spent most of his time away from home. Edwina was a “southern belle” she was snobbish and her behavior was neurotic. As a child, Williams suffered from diphtheria which almost ended his life. Williams attended Soldan High School, a setting he referred to in The Glass Menagerie. Later, he attended University City High School. He then attended the University of Missouri. (Tennessee)
The three family members are adults at the time of this play, struggling to be individuals, and yet, very enmeshed and codependent with one another. The overbearing and domineering mother, Amanda, spends much of her time reliving the past; her days as a southern belle. She desperately hopes her daughter, Laura, will marry. Laura suffers from an inferiority complex partially due to a minor disability that she perceives as a major one. She has difficulty coping with life outside of the apartment, her cherished glass animal collection, and her Victrola. Tom, Amanda's son, resents his role as provider for the family, yearns to be free from him mother's constant nagging, and longs to pursue his own dreams. A futile attempt is made to match Laura with Jim, an old high school acquaintance and one of Tom's work mates.
When he asks what she gives it to him for, she replies, “A—souvenir.” Then she hands it to him, almost as if to show him that he had shattered her unique beauty. This incident changed her in the way that a piece of her innocence that made her so different is now gone. She is still beautiful and fragile like the menagerie, but just as she gives a piece of her collection to Jim, she also gives him a piece of her heart that she would never be able to regain. Laura and her menagerie are both at risk of being crushed when exposed to the uncaring reality of the world.
Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. Masterpieces of the Drama. Ed. Alexander W. Allison, Arthus J. Carr, Arthur M. Eastman. 5th ed. NY: Macmillan, 1986. 779- 814.
Amanda represents Edwina, a mother who is too controlling on her kids and tries to live her life through her kids. Laura represents Rose, an unstable girl who escapes into a world of glass animals. Mr. Wingfield represents Cornelius, an alcoholic father who fell in love with traveling. Williams uses his sad personal background to create this play. Through many obstacles, the characters fail to get away from their problems and still view their life as